• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.120-120
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• 2018

Intestinal microbiota is strongly connected to health of host. It has been reported that not only metabolic disease like diabetes and obesity, but psychological diseases are affected by composition of intestinal microbiota. To figure it out the importance of the composition and relationship between disease and microbiota, intensive researches have done with human and experimental animals. But, the composition of the intestinal microbiota could be affected by several factors such as experimental environments, feeding, water, and bedding. As a result, the data from each experimental group might be diverse. It also affects experiments about biological activities of plant materials. In this study, mouse intestinal bacteria were isolated from fresh feces and identified by 16S rRNA gene to use in biological activities of natural medicines. The fecal supernatant was anaerobically incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. Colonies were picked up separately and incubated again in same condition to increase quantity to analyze and stock. The bacteria strains were listed up and could be used for many researches including biological activities of plant materials and change in composition of intestinal bacteria itself.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.334.3-334.3
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• 2002

Ginseng(the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae) has been used for thousands of years as a traditional medicine in Asian countries. The main components of Ginseng are ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2 and Rc. These compounds are transformed by intestinal microflora. The main metabolite of ginsenosides was compoud K (IH-901). The transformed compound K shows an antimetastic or anticarcinogenic effect by blocking tumor invasion or preventing chromosomal aberration and tumorigenesis. Therefore. we isolated and characterzed ginseng saponin-metabolizing bacteria from human intestinal microffora. Among 200 tested intestinal bacteria. we found 78 bacteris to transform glnseng senseng saponins to compound K. These bacteria were seperated into three group: the first group highy produced ginsenside Rd (29) the second grop produced potently ginsenoside F2 (21) and the third produced compound K(28)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1999

When liriodendrin or syringin was incubated for 24 h with human intestinal bacteria, two metabolites, (+)-syringaresinol$\beta$--D-glucopyranoside and (+)-syringaresionl, from liriodendrin and one metabolite, synapyl alcohol, from syringin were produced. The metabolic time course of liriodendrin was as follows: at early time liriodendrin was converted to (+)-syringaresinol-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, and then (+)-syringaresinol. The in vitro cytotoxicities of these metabolites, (+)-syringaresinol and synapyl alcohol, were superior to those of liriodendrin and syringin.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 1996

After rutin(50-1500 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats, the relationship between its metabolites and mutagenicity was investigated. Quercetin conjugates were detected in the urine of rats treated with more than 150 mg/kg. Administration of rutin less than 100 mg/kg resulted in phenolic acid-like metabolites. However, intact rutin was not detected in the urine of rats treated with different amounts. When rutin was cultured with human intestinal bacteria, the amount of quercetin was increased gradually with a corresponding decrease in the level of rutin and then quercetin was decreased gradually with a corresponding increase in the level of unidentified compounds. The ring fission bacterium of quercetin of was Pediococcus Q-05. These results suggest that rutin could be metabolized and transformed from mutagenic to nonmutagenic by intestinal bacteria in human intestine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 1999

Intestinal bacteria comprise one-third of the contents of the large intestine in humans. Their interactions with the gastrointestinal immune system induce characteristic immunological responses which stimulate or suppress the host's defense system. RAW 264.7 murine cell line was used as a macrophage model to assess the effects of the exposure to the isolated human intestinal bacteria, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Streptococcus, and E. coli, on NO (nitric oxide), $H_2O_2$(hydrogen peroxide), and cytokines IL (interleukin)-6 and TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-a production. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of heat-killed bacteria for 24 h at concentrations of 0-$50\mu$g/ml. Our results showed that Bacteroides and E. coli stimulated IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, NO, and $H_2O_2$production at high levels even at $1\mu$g/ml, whereas Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, and Streptococcus showed a low level of stimulation at $1\mu$g/ml, and a gradual increase as the cell concentration increased up to $50\mu$g/ml. This result suggests that gram-negative Bacteroides and E. coli are better able to stimulate macrophage than gram-positive Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, and Eubacterium. The in vitro approaches employed here should be useful in further characterization of the effects of intestinal bacteria on gastrointestinal and systemic immunity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1335-1340
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• 2019

Probiotics, including bacteria and yeast, are live microorganisms that have demonstrated beneficial effects on human health. Recently, probiotic bacteria are constantly being studied and their applications are also being considered in promising adjuvant treatments for various intestinal diseases. Clinical trials and in vivo experiments have extended our current understanding of the important roles that probiotics play in human gut microbiomeassociated diseases. It has been documented through many clinical trials that probiotics could shape the intestinal microbiota leading to potential control of multiple bowel diseases and promotion of overall wellness. In this review, we focused on the relationship between probiotics and the human gut microbiota and its roles in gut microbiome-associated diseases. Here, we also discuss future directions and research areas that need further elucidation in order to better understand the roles of probiotics in the treatment of intestinal diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.751-755
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• 2006

Dadih is Indonesian traditional fermented buffalo milk believed by the natives to have beneficial effects on human health. This may be due to the probiotic properties possessed by the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) involved in its fermentation process. It was discovered that ten strains of dadih lactic isolates possessed some probiotic properties in vitro. In this study, the adhesion properties of dadih LAB, in comparison with documented probiotic strains, were investigated in vitro by using mucin extracted from human faeces and Caco-2 cells as the models for human intestinal mucosal surface and intestinal cells respectively. The adhesion results showed the distinction of Lactobacillus reuteri IS-27560 in adhering to both mucus layer and Caco-2 cells. The competition assay for adhesion to the mucus layer between dadih LAB and selected pathogens indicated the competence of Lactococcus lactis IS-16183 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus IS-7257 in significantly inhibiting the adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Accordingly, these two strains may be potential candidates for use as probiotic strains. Overall, the adhesion properties of all dadih LAB strains were relatively comparable to that of Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, the documented probiotic strains.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 1995

The metabolism of ginseng saponins by human intestinal bacteria was studied using human feces under anaerobic culture conditions. $Ginsenoside-Rb_1$, $-Rb_2$ and -Rc(protopanaxadiol type) were mainly metabolized to compound-K(C-K), $20-O-[{\alpha}-L-arabinopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-{_D}-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol(compound-Y,\;C-Y)$, $20-O-[{\alpha}-L-arabinopyranosyl(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-{_D}-glucopyranosyll-20(S)-protopanaxadiol(ginsenosied-MC,{\;}MC)$, respectively, and $ginsenoside-Rg_1$ and -Re(protopanaxatriol type) to their aglycon, 20(S)-protopanaxatriol, though the pathway and rate of the metabolism were affected by fermentation medium. C-K was not decomposed any more, while C-Y and Mc were both gradually hydrolyzed to C-K.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2011

Certain lactic acid bacteria have anti-tumor activity, especially colon cancer. The fermented milk products containing that kind of lactic acid bacteria have to be recommended for human health as excellent health functional foods. This paper have been classified by 5 regions on the functions of lactic acid bacteria related to prevention of colon cancer. 1) Enhancing of host's immune response; Production of cytokines. 2) Binding and degradation of potential carcinogens; Binding and degradation of mutagenicity. 3) The changes of intestinal microflora and production of antitumorigenic or antimutagenic compounds; Production of azoxymethane. 4) Alteration of the metabolic activity of intestinal microflora; Decrease of harmful enzymes in intestinal tract. 5) Alteration of physicochemical conditions in the colon; Decrease of pH and bile acids contents.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.540-542
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• 2005

Juice Valley and Gogu Valley were administered to twelve healthy young volunteers for 4 weeks to study their clinical effects on human intestinal microflora. Changes in fecal microflora, fecal moisture, and fecal pH were observed for Juice Valley intake. Administration of Juice Valley significantly increased numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus from 8.69 and 7.02 to 10.89 and 9.02 (Log CFU/g wet feces), respectively, whereas those of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli decreased. Moisture content of feces increased, and fecal pH decreased after 4 weeks of Juice Valley intake, intake of Gogu Valley slightly increased growth responses of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and decreased growth responses of C. perfringens and E. coli. Su-mi potato, as a reference, had no effect on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus numbers. This study confirmed Juice Valley has better effects than Gogu Valley and Su-mi, and has important role on growth promotion and inhibition of human intestinal bacteria.