• Title/Summary/Keyword: human communities

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"One Book" Reading Campaigns in Universities in the U. S. A. (미국 대학의 "한 책" 독서운동에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Cheong-Ok
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.85-107
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this research is to describe the characteristics of "One Book, One Community" reading promotion campaigns in which universities are involved in the U. S. A. Many universities and colleges in various communities participate in "One Book" campaigns in communities as leaders or partners, and promote reading for students on campus through either "One Book, One Campus" or "common reading programs." Universities can contribute a lot to "One Book" campaigns in communities by providing library collection, human resources, and facilities, and especially coordinating programs and events which require subject specialties. Also, they can promote the significance of reading literary classics. "Common reading programs" help freshmen easily adjust to campus life and build the sense of belonging to the "academic community" by reading the same book and talking about it with other members of universities.

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A Study on the Confucian Perspective on the Formation of Social Capital in the Communities -Focusing on Implication on the Formation of Social Capital- (지역공동체의 사회자본 형성에 관한 유교적 관점 -사회자본 형성에 주는 시사점을 중심으로-)

  • Lee, Kwangmo
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.66 no.2
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    • pp.231-253
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    • 2014
  • This paper aims to investigate epistemic principles and practical virtue items in Confucism about formation of social capital in a community. First, I have reviewed the basic perspective of Confucism utilizing holistic point of view, which is based on the theory of Yum-Yang, and human relationship in terms of role harmony, which is based on the theory of Si-Wi. I have then explored several items, some of which are Jung and Hwa as an internal value criterion, Ui and Ye as an external one. Analyzing other items such as In and Deok as directional items, Chung-Seo and Hyeol-ku-ji-do as epistemic items and Hyo and Ye as practical ones, I have found out that all of them, mentioned above functioned as factors of social capital in a community. Therefore, we emphasize that Confucian epistemic principles and practical virtue items can not only function as components of social capital in modern communities but have useful and practical implications for policy in modern community welfare.

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Community Revitalization System in New York State and Community Involvement (뉴욕주 커뮤니티 재활성화 지원체계 및 커뮤니티 참여에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Jae-Hyuck;Kim, Yong-Woo;Lee, June-Seong
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.3-12
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    • 2009
  • Community revitalization programs in New York State are community centralized projects, and this approach is pretty much general in the united states. However, local communities do not have enough funds, human resources, technical knowledge and useful data. Even though State governments have their own supporting systems, they are not able to support all that communities need and ask. State governments are, on the other hand, trying to develop the most efficient supporting system for the community revitalization programs as a part of community development. US federal government supports funds as well. New York state government makes connections with other states, local governments, universities, and other useful groups, and reorganizes all possible resources for New York state communities. This supporting system helps that local leaders and community residents can tackle regionally specific issues and opportunities. This paper shows how New York state implements community revitalization programs with the community supporting system. This research also shows how to organize and manage the community involvements in the planning process through the case study of the Black River Vision Plan/ City of Watertown that an author had participated in.

Changes in Species Diversity and Spatiotemporally Fluctuation across Human-modified Ecosystems (도시화로 인한 생태계에서 종 다양성의 변화와 공간시기적 변동)

  • Huh, Man Kyu;Lee, Byeong Ryong
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.22 no.11
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    • pp.1435-1443
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    • 2012
  • The changes of plant communities at Angol valley and Baetgol valley in Geoje-do were studied. Both ${\alpha}$-diversity and ${\gamma}$-diversity decreased with the sizes and degrees of habitat fragmentations. The mean number of winner species decreased with habitat fragmentation. All Quercus species, including Quercus acutissima, significantly declined in importance, while the many introduced species, including Trifolium pretense, all increased in importance. As the proportional change in adult survival rate increased, the absolute value of the bias in the elasticity prediction also increased from 2003 to 2011 at undisturbed forests. However, the bias was low for decreases in disturbed populations. Moran's I values showed overall decreases for habitat fragmentation and for the periods of habitat conversion. Eventually, plant communities, due to urbanization in Goeje-do, might have led to decreased chances of common species when the environment was disturbed.

Modeling Community Capacity Building Using Spatial Asset Mapping (공간자산매핑을 이용한 지역사회 능력배양의 모델링에 관한 연구)

  • Liou, Jaeik
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.98-108
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    • 2004
  • The concept of community capacity is regarded as the ability of people and communities to do works associated with the determinant factors and indicators of the circumstances of socio-economic, environmental and physical contexts. Building capacity of communities to effectively analyze our problematic issues and planning of community development is often required to scrutinize current status of community of socio-economic and infrastructural capacity development with GIS. We consider community development as a planned effort to build assets that increase the capacity of communities. Spatial asset mapping is the process enabling to identify and make inventories of tangible and intangible assets. This mapping requires developing a capacity inventory that collects individual organizational and community capacities in view of human, socio-cultural, natural, financial, digital, and physical capacity. The purpose of this research is not only designed to suggest a new concept capacity building, but also proposes a more creative framework of asset-based community cap linking to parcel-based spatial asset mapping and capacity mapping process.

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Ecotourism Planning Framework for Korean Rural Communities(I) - A Case Study in Jeongdori, Wandogun, Korea - (농어촌지역의 생태관광지 육성을 위한 계획모형(I) - 전남 완도군 정도리지역에서의 사례연구 -)

  • 유기준;이경재;오구균
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.102-114
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    • 1998
  • Ecotourism has surged from conflicts between negative impacts of mass tourism and environmental issues. As an alternative tourism, ecotourism compromises extensively environmental, economic, educational, and cultural concerns. Ecotourism can be defined as environment-based tourism that ensures sustainable growth and development through conservation of natural and human environment, promotion of regional economy, and provision of tourism service in natural environment areas. Ecotourism should consider two key challenges; an effective means that may protect local economy through tourist-based income and improvement of residential circumstances, and role as leisure space that can improve tourist's experiences. The purpose of this study was to summarize ecotourism concepts through literature search and develop an ecotourism planning framework for Korean rural communities. In addition, developed planning framework in this study was applied to Jeongdori area, Wandogun, Korea as a case study in order to analyze its feasibility. A trial application in Jeongdori area demonstrated a possibility that ecotourism planning framework can be successfully adopted to a wide range of Korean rural communities. To ensure objectivity of framework, systematic case studies must be done in the future.

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Rethink the interlink between land degradation and livelihood of rural communities in Chilga district, Northwest Ethiopia

  • Gashu, Kassahun;Muchie, Yitbarek
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.139-149
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    • 2018
  • Background: Ethiopia is among the poorest countries where land degradation caused livelihood problem to its inhabitants. The livelihood of rural communities in Ethiopia is seriously threatened by land degradation. Land is the major natural resource that economic, social, infrastructure, and other human activities are undertaken on. Thus, land resources play an important role in shaping rural livelihoods, and lack of sustainable land management practices leads to land degradation. Thus, this study aimed to analyze interlink between land degradation and livelihood of rural communities in Chilga district, Northwest Ethiopia. It also addresses the factors which influence income diversification for livelihood of households in the study area. Result: The result depicts that the major causes of land degradation are both natural and anthropogenic. Land degradation and livelihood are negatively interlinked with each other. The livelihood of the majority of the population in the study area is dependent on subsistence agriculture both farming and animal husbandry with low diversification. The survey result showed that more than half (69%) of the sample households have farm size of less than 2 ha, nearly one third (31%) have 2.0-2.5 ha, and insignificant number of farmers have more than 2.5 ha. More than 80% of the respondents pointed out that land degradation has impacts both on crop yield and livestock production. Most of the explanatory variables such as gender, age, education level, farmland size, and family size have statistical significant influence (at P < .01 and P < .05 levels) for income diversification of households, while marital status on the other hand is not statistically significant though it has positive relation with income diversification in this study. Conclusions: Our results suggest awareness should be created in the community about the livelihood diversification mechanisms which enabled them to engage in different income-generating activities and comprehensive watershed management should be implemented.

Survey of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Ulleungdo, Korea (울릉도의 항생제 내성균 조사)

  • Jun Hyung Lee;Hye Won Hong;Dukki Han
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.344-354
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    • 2022
  • BACKGROUND: Although antibiotics have contributed to treatment of bacterial infection, the antibiotic abuse can lead to antibiotic resistant bacteria. Impact of human activities on distribution of antibiotic resistance has been intensively issued and occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in contaminated environments would not be a surprise. Nonetheless, anthropogenic contamination with the dissemination of antibiotic resistance along uncontaminated environments has been less considered. The aim of this study is to investigate antibiotic resistant bacteria across Ulleungdo, known as antibiotic resistance free and anthropogenic pollution free environment in Rep. of Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Antibiotic resistant bacteria in coastal seawater of Ulleungdo were investigated in July 2021. Antibiotic susceptibility test using the disk diffusion method was applied with six drugs according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. Total 43 bacterial isolates were tested and 20 isolates among of them showed multidrug resistance. Particularly, the number and ratio of resistant bacteria were relatively high in a densely populated area of Ulleungdo. The bacterial communities were investigated using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach in the coastal seawater and soils of Ulleungdo. In the bacterial communities, Firmicutes were selectively distributed only in seawater, suggesting the possibility of anthropogenic contamination in coastal seawater of Ulleungdo. CONCLUSION(S): We found antibiotic resistant bacteria in a populated area of Ulleungdo. The occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in Ulleungdo seems to result from the recent anthropogenic impact. Consistent monitoring of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the uncontaminated environment needs to considered for future risk assessment of antibiotics.

The Influence of Mother's Depression, Parenting Stress, Infant Cry, and Infant Temperament on Family Function (어머니의 우울과 양육스트레스 및 영유아의 울음과 기질이 가족기능에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Su-Won;Jang, Mi-Kyung;Kim, Yu-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.251-257
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    • 2007
  • The combined impact of maternal depression, parenting stress, infant cry, and infant temperament on family functions was examined. The sample included 257 mothers in the near communities. Questionnaires completed by the mothers who had 0-36 month old children were used to measure depressive symptoms in mothers, infant cry, infant temperament, parenting stress, and family function. Maternal depression, parenting stress, infant crying and infant temperament had negative influence on family adaptability and family cohesion. Mother's depression had negative effect particularly on infant cry. Infant cry had positive effect on infant temperament. Infant temperament had high direct effect on parenting stress. As a result, it had negative influence on family function.

Parents' Cultural Beliefs about Children's Success in School (아동의 성공적인 학교생활에 대한 부모신념의 비교문화 연구)

  • Lee, Ju-Lie
    • Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.721-736
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    • 2005
  • Parents' beliefs about what child's qualities are associated with success in school were studied among Korean and Western society communities' parents. Parents from all groups agreed that four domains of a child's characteristics(cognitive qualities, social qualities, negative temperament, and dutifulness) had the major impact on school success, either positively or negatively. Parents from all groups indicated that non cognitive qualities were important or more important than cognitive factors. Cultural differences were found in the way the qualities clustered together and in the emphasis parents placed on specific qualities or domains of qualities.

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