• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2007

As the need of handling heavy materials increases, various cranes are used in industries. However, the effectiveness of crane also entails industrial accidents such as falling, constriction etc. In fact, the number of fatal accidents caused by crane is still high in Korea. To find out the causes of the accidents in terms of human error, we developed a man-machine system model that consists of two axes; human information processing and crane life cycle. In the human information processing dimension, we simplified it as five functions; sensing and perception, decision making and memory, response etc. In the crane life cycle dimension, we divided it into nine phases; design, production, operation etc. For the 152 fatal accident records during 1999-2006 years, we classified them into 45 cells made by two axes. Then we identified the preceding causes of the classified crane accident based on performance shaping factors. As the results of statistical analysis, the overall trend of crane fatal accidents was described. For the cause analysis, wrong decision making in work plan phase shows the highest frequency. Next, the poor information input in crane operation followed in accident frequency. In ergonomics view, the problems of interface design in displays and controls made 11.8% of fatal accidents. Following the analysis, several ergonomic design guidelines to prevent crane accidents were suggested.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

According to the statistics, occupational fatal injuries by the fork lifts were about 30 per year in whole industrial. Fork lifts are widely used in various parts of industries to improve the efficiency of the work. In this study, the current regulations to be adequate in industrial site have to be renew in order to prevent the fatal injuries by the fork lifts. Fatal injury analysis were conducted with several accident cases by the fork lifts. For each accident, the causes of the injuries were examined and proper safety measures were proposed. In this study, the fork lift showed a high fatality rate in industrial accidents and no detailed cause analysis of fatal accidents was conducted in terms of unsafe acts or conditions. First, fork lifts were the highest of the machines caused the accidents. In order to prevent fatal injuries by the fork lifts, the tarket was manufacturing industry. Second, the order of the cause of cognitive engineering agenda in the manufacture industrial was visibility, responsibility and affordance, and revision of acts was proposed. Third, there was not a lots of different points of human error between occurrence types and business sizes. Forth, number of fatalities by the attacker was more than by the inducer.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2014

It has been focused on that the major reasons of aircraft accidents resulted not from human error but from the failure of teamwork or communication in 1980's. Such opinions were suggested in the workshop, so called, "Resource Management on the Flight Deck" by NASA in 1979. The researchers agreed the fact the source of human error was originated from the failure in teamwork, communication or even in leadership of captain. Due to the rapid development of aircraft technologies, the reasons for aircraft accident could be easily found out. According to the analysis results of the technology, most of reasons for the accident might directly be connected not to human error or stick-Rudder skill but to situational awareness, communication, leadership or decision making in the aircraft. This paper has tried to research empirically the satisfaction of flight crews who have gone thorugh CRM training in the commercial airline. Based on the quantitative scale by J. Ford et al. (2014), this paper has proved which characteristics of CRM training has a positive impact on the overall satisfaction of CRM training. It was proven that the teamwork and decision making programs among CRM training have a major effect to the satisfaction level of flight crews.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 그간 교통안전 정책에서 간과되어온 어린이 보행자 횡단행태에 대한 분석을 통해 향후 어린이 교통안전 정책을 개선하기 위한 기초자료를 제공함에 있다. 어린이 횡단행태 분석은 물리적 형태와 사고발생빈도가 상이한 어린이 보호구역에서의 횡단행태 및 패턴의 차이를 비교하는 부분에 초점을 두고 이루어졌다. 자료는 경기도 7개 초등학교 비신호 횡단보도를 대상으로 현장관찰과 비디오 녹화를 통해 수집하였으며, 통계분석, CHAID 알고리즘 분석, 통행 패턴비교를 실시하였다. 분석결과, 사고발생 빈도와 유의한 관계가 있는 횡단특성은 대기유무, 주의유무, 특이행동 유무 순으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 사고발생빈도가 낮은 지점에서 대기후 횡단하는 비율이 69.1%인 반면, 사고다발지점에서 대기를 하지 않고 횡단하는 경우가 83.6%로 상이함을 확인하였다. 횡단 전 대기 및 주의 정도는 횡단 시작부 보도폭이 넓고 학교 출구에서 횡단보도까지 거리가 일정규모 이상일 때 높게 나타났다. 한편, 횡단패턴과 사고발생빈도의 관계성은 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다. 향후 어린이 보호구역의 안전성 개선을 위해서는 대기 후 통행이 이루어질 수 있도록 각 보호구역에서의 어린이 횡단특성에 기반한 차별화된 맞춤형 접근이 긴요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2007

Human error is one of the major contributors to the railway accidents or incidents. In order to develop an effective countermeasure to remove or reduce human errors, a systematic analysis should be preferentially performed to identify their causes, characteristics, and types of human error induced in accidents or incidents. This paper introduces a case study for human error analysis of the railway accidents and incidents. For the case study, more than 1,000 domestic railway accidents or incidents that happened during the year of 2004 have been investigated and a detailed error analysis was performed on the selected 90 cases, which were obviously caused by human error. This paper presents a classification structure for human error analysis, and summarizes the analysis results such as causes of the events, error modes and types, related worker, and task type.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine firefighters' work-related accident rate and investigate the factors affecting their on-site safety. Methods: We developed a web-based self-reported questionnaire designed to inquire into firefighters' work-related accident experience and the factors (4M; Man, Machine, Media, Management) affecting firefighters' on-site safety. We distributed questionnaires to all members of firefighting organizations in South Korea by e-mail and 9,149 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 23.1%. Results: Fifteen point seven percent of the respondents reported work-related injuries within the past one year, and 35.1% answered that current accident investigation reports are not helpful for preventing the same accident from recurring. Among the 4M factors, the one most affecting firefighters' on-site safety in the order of priority is the Man factor, followed by Machine, Media, and Management. However, the results from detailed sub-categorical factors showed some differences. 'Lack of human resources', one of the Management factors, was the most influential (70.3%), followed by 'worn-out equipment' under the Machine factor (67.2%). The viewpoint of elements of the Man factor including 'forgetting instructions' and 'fatigue and illness' were significantly different according to firefighters' rank. The higher the firefighter's rank, the more they answered 'forgetting instructions,' while the opposite was the case for 'fatigue and disease'. Conclusions: The present firefighters' accident investigation report needs to be improved, and the 4M method could prove very useful. In addition, it is necessary to set up a proper firefighters' accident investigation and prevention system.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2023

Silicone tetrachloride (SiCl₄) leak accidents cause enormous human and environmental damage because it is highly toxic. Some handling facilities use water curtains to reduce the impact range of SiCl₄. Although the water curtain is known as one of the most efficient technologies for post-release mitigation, its effect on reducing SiCl₄ concentration needs to be investigated scientifically and quantitatively. In this study, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the physical and chemical effects of water curtains as a release-mitigation system for SiCl₄. SiCl₄ is released and dispersed five seconds prior to the operation of the water curtain. Once the water curtain works, the SiCl₄ reacts chemically with the water and its concentration decreases rapidly; it reaches an emergency response planning guidelines level 2 (ERPG-2) of 5 parts per million (ppm) at about 570 m. We observed, however, that the physical effect of water curtains on reducing SiCl₄ concentration is insignificant when the chemical effect is eliminated. These results are crucial since they can be a scientific and quantitative basis for the 'technical guidelines for estimating the accident affected range'. In order to protect the public from chemical accidents, more toxic gas mitigation technologies need to be developed.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.346-354
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• 2023

Objectives: Chemical accidents cause extensive human and environmental damage. Therefore, it is important to prepare measures to prevent their recurrence and minimize future damage through accident investigation. To this end, it is necessary to identify the accident occurrence process and analyze the extent of damage. In this study, the development process and damage range of actual chemical leakage accidents were analyzed using CFD. Methods: For application to actual chemical leakage accidents using FLACS codes specialized for chemical dispersion simulation among CFD codes, release rate calculation and 3D geometry were created, and scenarios for simulation were derived. Results: The development process of the accident and the dispersion behavior of materials were analyzed considering the influencing factors at the time of the accident. In addition, to confirm the validity of the results, we compared the results of the actual damage impact investigation and the simulation analysis results. As a result, both showed similar damage impact ranges. Conclusions: The FLACS code allows the detailed analysis of the simulated dispersion process and concentration of substances similar to real ones. Therefore, it is judged that the analysis method using CFD simulation can be usefully applied as a chemical accident investigation technique.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.368-374
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• 1997

This paper presents a new approach to the evaluation of an accident management strategy when an operator action is involved. This approach classifies the failure in implementing a given strategy into 4 possible mechanisms, and provides their corresponding quantification methods : 1) the failure to formulate correct intention by operators, 2) the failure to take an adequate action following a correct diagnosis, 3) the failure of a system operation following an adequate action, and 4) the failure due to a delayed action. The proposed method was applied to assess a cavity flooding strategy that uses containment spray system (CSS), and the result shows that the method is more appropriate in evaluating accident management strategies when human action is involved.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1770-1773
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• 2007

Fire accident in tunnel is one of the most critical railway accidents, together with overturning of train by derailment and train crash. Tunnel structures contribute to minimize the cost and time of transport, but in case of railway fire accident occurring bring serious damages of human life caused by narrowness of shelter, poisonous smoke and high temperature raised at the inside of tunnel. For that reason, at the beginning of plan of tunnel, the optimum design for rescue of passengers is needed. For the detail and most suitable design for rescue of passengers, many tunnel designer substituted simulation program for mock examination by its high cost and effort. In this study, simulation program techniques, such as Fluent and Simulex, are applied for verifying the rescue design of passengers reduced the risk when fire accident occurred at tunnel utilizing of case study for planned railway tunnels shows 1,245m length in Iksan-Sili area.