• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.165-178
• /
• 2013

A comprehensive review on the technical standards about human factors (HF) design and software reliability maintenance for digital instrumentation and control (I&C) and human-machine interface technology (HMIT) in Japanese light water reactor nuclear power plants (NPPs) was given in this paper mainly by introducing the relevant activities at the Japan Electric Association to set up many industrial standards within the traditional framework of nuclear safety regulation in Japan. In Japan, the Fukushima Daiichi accident that occurred on March 11, 2011 has great impact on nuclear regulation and nuclear industries where concerns by the general public about safety have heightened significantly. However for the part of HF design and software reliability maintenance of digital I&C and HMIT for NPP, the author believes that the past practice of Japanese activities with the related technical standards can be successfully inherited in the future, by reinforcing the technical preparedness for the prevention and mitigation against any types of severe accident occurrence.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.430-449
• /
• 2004

A quantitative model for a control system that integrates human operators, systems, and their interactions is developed based on discrete functions. After identifying the major entities and the key factors that are important to each entity in the control system, a quantitative analysis to estimate the recovery failure probability from an abnormal state is performed. A numerical analysis based on assumed values of related variables shows that this model produces reasonable results. The concept of 'relative sensitivity' is introduced to identify the major factors affecting the reliability of the control system. The analysis shows that the hardware factor and the design factor of the instrumentation system have the highest relative sensitivities in this model. T도 probability of human operators performing incorrect actions, along with factors related to human operators, are also found to have high relative sensitivities. This model is applied to an analysis of the TMI-2 nuclear power plant accident and systematically explains how the accident took place.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.371-380
• /
• 2023

Currently, as construction projects in Korea are becoming larger and more complex, the hazard rate of the construction industry is steadily increasing, contrary to other industries. This can be seen as an indication that the safety technology and safety consciousness of construction workers are insufficient compared to the improved construction technology. In addition, due to the characteristics of the construction industry based on manpower, most accidents appear in conventional forms such as fall and trip due to human errors. Therefore, analyzing the relationship between the characteristics of human resources and accidents and establishing detailed safety plans is an essential part of reducing construction accidents. In this study, a correlation analysis was conducted using 62,805 cases of construction accident cases over 3 years to derive the characteristics of accident occurrence focusing on the age of workers. As a result of the analysis, the relationship between the age of workers and the frequency and severity of accidents for each accident type was derived, focusing on the top 10 accident types.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.415-423
• /
• 2022

As human factors are the most important cause of construction accidents, it is important to reduce human error in construction work to reduce accidents. However, the error forcing context in organizational situations acts as a factor behind human error. Therefore, fatal construction accidents were analyzed using the m-SHEL model, which can identify the factors behind human errors. Through such analysis, it was found that there are differences in the detailed factors behind human errors according to the type of fatal accidents in construction, This study is meaningful in that it confirmed through accident cases that it is important to understand and respond to organizational situations in order to reduce human error in construction work.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.74-82
• /
• 2005

안전사고 원인에 대하여 Near-Miss Report 분석을 근거로 하여, 재해원인에 대하여 접근해 보고, 이 Data를 참고로 첨단산업에서의 재해 유형을 분석해보고, 유형에 따른 기여인자를 기존 Human-ware, Hard-ware, System-ware를 구성요소로 해서 첨단산업에서의 각각의 수행인자의 비율 분석을 통한 판단한 결과는 Human-ware와 Hard-ware 비율은 4:1로 나타났고, 첨단사업장에서의 5년간의 사고건수를 근거로 원인에 대한 수행인자의 ANOVA로 분석하여 4개인자에 대한 분산 분석을 도출하였고 이에따른 Loss와 Time과 Accident 관계와 Effect of Intervention관계와 Reason's Accident Causation Model과 Perrow's Normal Accident Theory Model를 연관시켜서 첨단산업에서의 사고이론 Model를 추출해서 첨단산업에서의 안전사고에 대한 유형을 분석해서 사고를 사전에 제거키 위한 새로운 모델을 제시하고자 한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.467-481
• /
• 1996

An integrated framework of modeling the human operator cognitive behavior during nuclear power plant accident scenarios is presented. It incorporates both plant and operator models. The basic structure of the operator model is similar to that of existing cognitive models, however, this model differs from those existing ones largely in too aspects. First, using frame and membership function, the pattern matching behavior, which is identified as the dominant cognitive process of operators responding to an accident sequence, is explicitly implemented in this model. Second, the non-task-related human cognitive activities like effect of stress and cognitive biases such as confirmation bias and availability bias, are also considered. A computer code, OPEC is assembled to simulate this framework and is actually applied to an SGTR sequence, and the resultant simulated behaviors of operator are obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2008

Compared with past, helicopters have remarkably high level of safety and accidents due to mechanical defects are decreased about 15%. Most of their duties, however, are to commit at duty area which is hard to access. Because of them, collision probability is high and also has relatively higher accident rates than other aircraft with special mission. A result of analysis is that accident rate is relative high with prevention of disasters, putting out a fire and crop-dusting missions under 500ft. In addition, most of accidents are related with human factors. According to this, it is required to pilots who carry these mission that safety education and detailed analysis about their mission.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 1998

The production activity by human is accompanied by various accidents which resulted in human and property loss. If information on these industrial accidents could be collected and analyzed for the purpose of preventing industrial accidents, we would be able to get rid of industrial accidents. The accidents which involved absence from work at least 4 days in small manufacturing factories were considered in this study. 84 accidents which occurred in 1995 were investigated. These accidents were analyzed in terms of employment sector, work period, cause of accident and form of accident. The accidents of small manufacturing factories are numerous and are often serious and worthy of greater attention than they have received. Successful strategies for accident prevention depend on effective analysis.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2005

Maritime safety is influenced by several factors, for example, technical factors, human factors and operational factors. To improve maritime safety, each country should identify which factors will bring about a marine accident. This case study approached statistical method to find out correlations between marine accidents and safety records in Korean merchant fleet. There were no statistical significance between marine accident rate and PSC detention rate and human factor rate. But there was statistically significant relationship between marine accident rate and PSC inspection rate. It is possible to presume that in the developing country the stronger the government shows its will, the less such accidents occur.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2009

This paper reports the aging driver traffic accident severity modeling results. For the modeling, Poisson regression approach is applied using the data set obtained from the Korea Transportation Safety Authority's simulator-based driver aptitude test results. The test items include the estimations of moving objects' speed and stopping distance, drivers' multi-task capability, and kinetic depth perception and so on. The resulting model with the response variable of equivalent property damage only(EPDO) indicated that EPDO is significantly influenced by moving objects' speed estimation and drivers' multi-task capabilities. More interestingly, a comparison with the younger driver model revealed that the degradation of such capabilities may result in severer crashes for older drivers as suggested by the higher estimated parameters for the older driver model.