• 제목/요약/키워드: human accident

검색결과 833건 처리시간 0.023초

A REVIEW ON DEVELOPING INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS TO INTRODUCE DIGITAL COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR NUCLEAR I&C AND HMIT IN JAPAN

  • Yoshikawa, Hidekazu
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제45권2호
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    • pp.165-178
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    • 2013
  • A comprehensive review on the technical standards about human factors (HF) design and software reliability maintenance for digital instrumentation and control (I&C) and human-machine interface technology (HMIT) in Japanese light water reactor nuclear power plants (NPPs) was given in this paper mainly by introducing the relevant activities at the Japan Electric Association to set up many industrial standards within the traditional framework of nuclear safety regulation in Japan. In Japan, the Fukushima Daiichi accident that occurred on March 11, 2011 has great impact on nuclear regulation and nuclear industries where concerns by the general public about safety have heightened significantly. However for the part of HF design and software reliability maintenance of digital I&C and HMIT for NPP, the author believes that the past practice of Japanese activities with the related technical standards can be successfully inherited in the future, by reinforcing the technical preparedness for the prevention and mitigation against any types of severe accident occurrence.

A Quantitative Model of System-Man Interaction Based on Discrete Function Theory

  • Kim, Man-Cheol;Seong, Poong-Hyun
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.430-449
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    • 2004
  • A quantitative model for a control system that integrates human operators, systems, and their interactions is developed based on discrete functions. After identifying the major entities and the key factors that are important to each entity in the control system, a quantitative analysis to estimate the recovery failure probability from an abnormal state is performed. A numerical analysis based on assumed values of related variables shows that this model produces reasonable results. The concept of 'relative sensitivity' is introduced to identify the major factors affecting the reliability of the control system. The analysis shows that the hardware factor and the design factor of the instrumentation system have the highest relative sensitivities in this model. T도 probability of human operators performing incorrect actions, along with factors related to human operators, are also found to have high relative sensitivities. This model is applied to an analysis of the TMI-2 nuclear power plant accident and systematically explains how the accident took place.

건설업 근로자의 연령에 따른 재해 발생형태별 상관관계 분석 (Correlation Analysis between Accident Type and Age of Construction Workers)

  • 임종록;조선영;윤성민
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.371-380
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    • 2023
  • 현재 우리나라 건설 프로젝트들이 점점 대형화·복잡화됨에 따라 건설업의 재해율은 타 산업들과 반대로 꾸준하게 증가하는 양상을 보인다. 이는 향상된 건설 기술력에 비해 건설업 종사자들의 안전의식과 안전에 관한 기술력은 미흡하다는 증표로 볼 수 있다. 또한, 인력을 중심기반으로 하는 건설업의 특성상 대다수의 재해는 인적오류에 의한 떨어짐, 넘어짐 등의 재래적인 형태로 나타난다. 따라서 인적자원의 특성과 재해와의 관계성을 심층적으로 분석하고 안전계획 수립에 반영하는 것은 건설업의 인적오류 재해를 저감시키기 위한 필수적인 부분이다. 본 연구에서는 근로자의 연령에 따른 재해발생 특징을 도출하기 위하여 3년간의 건설업 재해사례 데이터를 활용하여 상위 10종의 재해 발생형태를 대상으로 연령과 재해 발생형태별 빈도 및 강도의 관계성을 도출하고 관련 선행연구들을 통하여 결과를 분석하였다.

m-SHEL 모델에 의한 건설 중대 사고재해의 휴먼에러 배후 요인 분석 (Analysis of Factors Behind Human Error in Fatal Construction Accidents using the m-SHEL Model)

  • 안성훈
    • 한국건축시공학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.415-423
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    • 2022
  • 건설 사고재해의 가장 큰 원인은 인적요인이므로, 건설공사에서 휴먼에러를 감소시켜 사고재해를 감소시키는 것이 중요하다. 그러나, 휴먼에러는 조직적 상황의 연속적인 흐름이 배후 요인으로 작용한다. 따라서, 휴먼에러의 배후 요인을 파악할 수 있는 m-SHEL 모델을 사용하여 건설 중대 사고재해를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 건설 중대 사고재해 유형에 따라 휴먼에러를 일으키는 배후 세부 요인이 차이가 있다는 것을 파악하였으며, 휴먼에러 배후 요인 중 L-m 요인, L-H 요인, L 요인 순으로 많이 차지하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본연구는 건설공사에서 휴먼에러를 줄이기 위해서는 조직적 상황을 파악하고 대응하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 사례를 통해서 확인하였다는 점에 의의가 있다.

첨단산업에서의 안전 사고 분석 패턴 추출 모델 연구

  • 윤용구;박범
    • 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한안전경영과학회 2005년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.74-82
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    • 2005
  • 안전사고 원인에 대하여 Near-Miss Report 분석을 근거로 하여, 재해원인에 대하여 접근해 보고, 이 Data를 참고로 첨단산업에서의 재해 유형을 분석해보고, 유형에 따른 기여인자를 기존 Human-ware, Hard-ware, System-ware를 구성요소로 해서 첨단산업에서의 각각의 수행인자의 비율 분석을 통한 판단한 결과는 Human-ware와 Hard-ware 비율은 4:1로 나타났고, 첨단사업장에서의 5년간의 사고건수를 근거로 원인에 대한 수행인자의 ANOVA로 분석하여 4개인자에 대한 분산 분석을 도출하였고 이에따른 Loss와 Time과 Accident 관계와 Effect of Intervention관계와 Reason's Accident Causation Model과 Perrow's Normal Accident Theory Model를 연관시켜서 첨단산업에서의 사고이론 Model를 추출해서 첨단산업에서의 안전사고에 대한 유형을 분석해서 사고를 사전에 제거키 위한 새로운 모델을 제시하고자 한다.

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A Model of the Operator Cognitive Behaviors During the Steam Generator Tube Rupture Accident at a Nuclear Power Plant

  • Mun, J.H.;Kang, C.S.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.467-481
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    • 1996
  • An integrated framework of modeling the human operator cognitive behavior during nuclear power plant accident scenarios is presented. It incorporates both plant and operator models. The basic structure of the operator model is similar to that of existing cognitive models, however, this model differs from those existing ones largely in too aspects. First, using frame and membership function, the pattern matching behavior, which is identified as the dominant cognitive process of operators responding to an accident sequence, is explicitly implemented in this model. Second, the non-task-related human cognitive activities like effect of stress and cognitive biases such as confirmation bias and availability bias, are also considered. A computer code, OPEC is assembled to simulate this framework and is actually applied to an SGTR sequence, and the resultant simulated behaviors of operator are obtained.

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특수임무 헬리콥터의 사고분석과 안전관리 (Accident of Special Mission Helicopter and Safety Management)

  • 최연철
    • 한국항공운항학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.63-68
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    • 2008
  • Compared with past, helicopters have remarkably high level of safety and accidents due to mechanical defects are decreased about 15%. Most of their duties, however, are to commit at duty area which is hard to access. Because of them, collision probability is high and also has relatively higher accident rates than other aircraft with special mission. A result of analysis is that accident rate is relative high with prevention of disasters, putting out a fire and crop-dusting missions under 500ft. In addition, most of accidents are related with human factors. According to this, it is required to pilots who carry these mission that safety education and detailed analysis about their mission.

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소규모 사업장의 산업재해 특성과 예방대책에 대한 연구 (The Characteristics of Occupational Injury in Small Manufacturing Factory)

  • 김유창
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.145-150
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    • 1998
  • The production activity by human is accompanied by various accidents which resulted in human and property loss. If information on these industrial accidents could be collected and analyzed for the purpose of preventing industrial accidents, we would be able to get rid of industrial accidents. The accidents which involved absence from work at least 4 days in small manufacturing factories were considered in this study. 84 accidents which occurred in 1995 were investigated. These accidents were analyzed in terms of employment sector, work period, cause of accident and form of accident. The accidents of small manufacturing factories are numerous and are often serious and worthy of greater attention than they have received. Successful strategies for accident prevention depend on effective analysis.

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A Study on the Correlation between Maritime Safety and Safety Factors

  • Kim Young Mo
    • 한국항해항만학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 2005
  • Maritime safety is influenced by several factors, for example, technical factors, human factors and operational factors. To improve maritime safety, each country should identify which factors will bring about a marine accident. This case study approached statistical method to find out correlations between marine accidents and safety records in Korean merchant fleet. There were no statistical significance between marine accident rate and PSC detention rate and human factor rate. But there was statistically significant relationship between marine accident rate and PSC inspection rate. It is possible to presume that in the developing country the stronger the government shows its will, the less such accidents occur.

인적특성을 고려한 고령 운전자 교통사고 영향요인 분석 (Analysis of Old Driver's Accident Influencing Factors Considering Human Factors)

  • 김태호;김은경;노정현
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2009
  • This paper reports the aging driver traffic accident severity modeling results. For the modeling, Poisson regression approach is applied using the data set obtained from the Korea Transportation Safety Authority's simulator-based driver aptitude test results. The test items include the estimations of moving objects' speed and stopping distance, drivers' multi-task capability, and kinetic depth perception and so on. The resulting model with the response variable of equivalent property damage only(EPDO) indicated that EPDO is significantly influenced by moving objects' speed estimation and drivers' multi-task capabilities. More interestingly, a comparison with the younger driver model revealed that the degradation of such capabilities may result in severer crashes for older drivers as suggested by the higher estimated parameters for the older driver model.