• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.29
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• pp.153-176
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• 2012

This study focused on concretely how minority group's attitude accepting han-zu's culture changes. In the past, minority group's culture and han-zu's culture were acculturated spontaneously, not forcibly. But as the people's republic of china was founded and control of chinese government was intensified, control and interference of minority group area became aggressive, and acculturation became compulsory. However, after chinese economic reform, by economic affluence and modernization and urbanization according to economic affluence, acculturation of minority group's culture and han-zu's culture is changing from forced acculturation to spontaneous acculturation. Still there are some areas where mutual friction lasts because of forced acculturation. But except some areas the stream is changing rapidly to spontaneous acculturation. In the text, this study investigated process and present state of acculturation focused on hui-zu that implemented aggressive acceptance of han-zu's culture relatively early. Then this study investigated yi-zu society and cultural change focused on their spontaneous acculturation. In the modern society setting a high value on convenience and personal happiness rather than ideology and value, value of race becomes less attractive to young people of minority group who know modern civilization and convenience of city. In this respect, maybe hui-zu society is future of yi-zu society and minority group society.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.19-38
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• 2008

This study aims to investigate the evolution of calculating the volume of a sphere in eastern and western mathematical history. In western case, Archimedes', Cavalieri's and Kepler's approaches, and in eastern case, Nine Chapters';, Liu Hui's and Zus' approaches are worthy of noting. The common idea of most of these approaches is the infinitesimal concept corresponding to Cavalieri's or Liu-Zu's principle which would developed to the basic idea of Calculus. So this study proposes an alternative to organization of math-textbooks or instructional procedures for teaching the volume of a sphere based on the principle.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.9
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• pp.1-21
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• 2004

Die sogenannten verba pura bilden eine Teilmenge der germanischen starken Verben der VII. KLasse. Sie sind auf einsilbige langvokalisch auslautende Wurzeln des Vorurgermanischen $zur\"{u}ckzufuhren$: z. B. ${\ast}kn\bar{e}an$ 'erkennen', ${\ast}m\bar{e}an$ '$m\"{a}hen$', ${\ast}bl\bar{o}an$ $'bl\"{u}hen'$, ${\ast}m\bar{o}an$ $'qu\"{a}hlen'$. Um den Begriff der verba pura genau zu $erkl\"{a}ren$, stellt man diesen Verben die sogenannten verba impura $gegen\"{u}ber$, bei denen auf die lang Wurzelvokale urgerm. ${\ast}-\bar{e}-$ und ${\ast}-\ber{o}-$ ein Konsonant folgl: z.. B. urgerm. ${\ast}l\bar{e}tan$ (got. \etan) 'lassen', ${\ast}hw\bar{o}pan$ (got. hvopan) 'sich $r\"{u}hmen$'. Die germanischen starken Verben der VII. Klasse hat die $st\"{a}rksten$ Umgestaltungen mitgemacht, und zwar die verba pura noch mehr. In diesem Aufsatz untersuchte ich die $Gr\"{u}nde$ ihrer Umgestaltungen im germanischen Verbalsystem. Danach wird der Vorgang erschlossen, wie die verba pura in Ahd. zu den schwachen Verben I $\"{u}bertraten$. Dabei werden die folgenden Punkte besonders behandelt: Hatten die $fr\"{u}hzeitigen${\;}Pr\"{a}sensformen$ der verba pura -i-, das aus -jan herausgeht? Wenn nein, wie haben die verba pura zur schwachen Flexion $\"{u}bertraten$? Warum konnten die verba pura wie die anderen redupliziernden Verben in Ahd. nicht zu ablautenden Verben $\"{u}bergehen$?

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.380-383
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• 2004

Two dogs with hindlimb paralysis were referred to the Teaching Animal Hospital of Chonbuk National University. We performed an acupuncture in two cases. Case No.1 was a 5-year-old, 3kg intact mixed breed female dog presented with hindlimb paralysis during last 3 days. Physical examinations, CBC, serum chemistry, urinalysis and radiography carried out. The diagnosis was the thoracolumbar disk disease of Tl2-Tl3 on the basis of above these tests. Acupoints selected were Lumbosacral point, GV-5(Xuan Shu), GV-20(Bai Hui), GB-30(Huan Tiao), GB-31(Feng Shi), ST-36(Zu San Li) and GB-34(Yang Ling Quan). we performed an acupuncture therapy five times at 2 days intervals for 15 minutes each time. Case No.2 was 7-year-old, 6.0kg, mixed breed male dog which was presented with the history of hindlimb paralysis since 2 months. The medical history of the patient revealed that the condition did not respond to medicinal therapy. The diagnosis was the thoracolumbar disk disease of Tl3-Ll and left patellar luxation (one or two grade). We decided to perform acupuncture in this case also and the Lumbosacral point, GV-5(Xuan Shu), GV­6(Ji Zhong), GV-7(Zhong She), GB-30(Huan Tiao), GB-31(Feng Shi), ST-36(Zu San Li), GB-34(Yang Ling Quan) were used. We performed acupuncture therapy at day 3, 6, 8 and 10 for 15 minutes each time. The response to an acupuncture therapy in two patients was good and the patients were almost recovered from hindlimb paralysis.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.5
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• pp.223-251
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• 2002

Modalpartikeln, die auch $Abt\"{o}nungspartikeln,\;W\"{u}rzw\"{o}rter,\;F\"{a}rbew\"{o}rter$ usw. genannt werden, galten eine Zeitlang als $\"{U}berfl\"{u}ssiges$. Aber mit der 'kommunikativ­pragrnatischen Wende' hat die Partikelforschung einen enormen Aufschwung genommen. Auch im Femdsprachenunterricht waren Partikeln als etwas Unwichtiges oder in anderen Worten etwas schwer zu Behandelndes geblieben und wurden deshalb zur Seite geschoben. Mit Hilfe der Aufschwung der Partikelforschung in Deutschland untersuchte ich koreanische $\"{U}bersetzungsm\"{o}glichkeiten$ von Modalparikeln. Ich $\"{u}bernahm$ Diewaldische Methode. Sie $schl\"{a}gt$ ein Beschreibungsschema vor: Modalpartikeln haben verweisende und $verkn\"{u}fende$ Funktion. Sie weisen $n\"{a}hmlich$ auf den pragmatischen $Pr\"{a}text\;zur\"{u}ck$ und bringen ihn in relevanter Situation mit der Modalpartikel enthaltenden $\"{A}u{\ss}erung$ in Beziehung. Da braucht man also drei Ebenen: pragmatischer $Pr\"{a}text$, relevante Situation und partikelhaltige $Au{\ss}erung$. Die Schwierigkeit der $\"{U}bersetzungsm\"{o}glichkeiten$ von Modalkartikeln besteht darin, jeweiligen $Pr\"{a}text$ und jeweilige relevante Situation wiederherzustellen und auszudrticken. In diesem Aufsatz geht es nur um 'doch'. 'doch' ist eine der $h\"{a}ufigsten$ Modalpartikeln und tritt in vielen verschidenen Satzarten. 'doch' tritt in Aussage-, Imperativ-, Ausrufe­und Wunschsatzen auf. $Au{\ss}erdem$ tritt 'doch' in $Erg\"{a}nzungsfragen$ und Entscheidungsfragen mit Intonation auf und ist aber nur bei 'echten' Fragen ausgeschlossen. Aus der diachronischen Bedeutungsentwicklung und dem Bedeutungsvergleich zu ihren Homonymen stellten sich die semantischen Merkmale von 'doch' als $Adversativit\"{a}t\;und\;Konzessivit\"{a}t$. Aber diese semantischen Komponenten werden bei dem Modalpartikel $abgeschw\"{a}cht$ und pragmatische Faktoren werden in verschiedenen $Verwendungsm\"{o}glichkeiten$ verstarkt. Unter $Ber\"{u}cksichtigung\;jeweiligen\;Pr\"{a}textes$ und relevanter Situation schlug ich koreanische $\"{U}bersetzungsm\"{o}glichkeiten$ von 'doch' je nach der Satzart und nach der $Verwendungsm\"{o}glichkeit$ vor.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2003

Fifteen dogs with clinical signs of paraparesis, paraplegia and urinary dysfunction were referred to Veterinary Medical leaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University. According to physical and neurologic examination, survey radiograph and myelography, these patients were diagnosed as thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease. All of them were treated with medical (prednisolone or carprofen, antibiotics), acupuncture (Ji Zhong, Bai Hui, Zhong Shu, Pang Guang Shu, Zu San Li, Huan Tiao) and physical therapy (hydrotherapy, thermotherapy, massage, manipulation, swimming). Of twelve patients were recovered of neurologic deficits within 21 days after the onset of treatment. However, three dogs were not resolved, which were found to have other spinal cord disease concomitantly. All of patients showed normal urination after treatment. Until 21 months after treatment, there were no recurrence in twelve patients. This study indicated that the conservative therapy could be effectively managed in paraparesis or paraplegia and urinary dysfunction which caused by intervertebral disc disease.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.4 s.31
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

Zhu Dan Xi's name is ZhenHeng(震亨) and was also called by the title of YanXiu(彦修). Early in his life, he started to study JuZiYe(擧子業), and went on to study DaoDeXingMingXue(道德性命學) under the teachings of XueQian(許謙), who as one of fourth generation disciple of ZhuZi(朱子) was teaching in BaHuaShan(八華山). His well-known literary works are ${\ulcorner}$JuFangFaHui(局方發揮)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$GeZhiYuLun${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$ShangHanBianYi(傷寒辨疑)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$BenCaoYanYiBuYi(本草衍義補遺)${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$WaiKeJingYaoXinLun(外科精要新論)${\lrcorner}$. Zhu Dan Xi learnt the studies of Liu(劉), Zhang(張), Li(李) from LouZhiTi(羅知悌) and adopted the advantages and abolished disadvantages from it. The southern district being low and damp, which also leads to a geographical condition with a lot of ShiReXiangHuo(濕熱相火) disease and with the social background of people exhausting their QingYu(情欲) and damaging QLXie(氣血), he came out with the theory of 'YangYouYuYinBuZu(陽有餘陰不足)', 'XiangHuo(相火)' and became a well renowned expert in diagnosis and treatment of QiXieTanYuHuo(氣血痰鬱火). As a result, the writer has performed a research based on Liu's works and related theories, GuWuZhiZhi theory, the understanding of TaiJiZhiLi(太極之理), the inner meaning of YinYang and YouYuBuZu(redundancy-and-deficit), YinYangDongJingGuan, physiology and pathology, the medical reason of lust damaging QingYuYangYin and YangSheng(養生)(preservation of health), which are the main medical theory of ZhuDanXi, comments of later generations and is reporting the outcome.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1043-1049
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• 2014

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) theoretical level were performed for two novel explosives (compounds B and C) based on the guanidine-fused bicyclic skeleton $C_4N_6H_8$ (A). The heats of formation (HOFs) were calculated via isodesmic reaction. The detonation properties were evaluated by using the Kamlet-Jacobs equations. The bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for the thermolysis initiation bond were also analyzed to investigate the thermal stability. The results show that the compounds have high positive HOF values (B, 1064.68 $kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$; C, 724.02 $kJ{\cdot}mol^{-1}$), high detonation properties (${\rho}$, D and P values of 2.04 $g{\cdot}cm^{-3}$ and 2.21 $g{\cdot}cm^{-3}$, 9.98 $km{\cdot}s^{-1}$ and 10.99 $km{\cdot}s^{-1}$, 46.44 GPa and 59.91 Gpa, respectively) and meet the basic stability requirement. Additionally, feasible synthetic routes of the these high energy density compounds (HEDCs) were also proposed via retrosynthetic analysis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3233-3239
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• 2015

Background: Whether depression causes increased risk of the development of breast cancer has long been debated. We conducted an updated meta-analysis of cohort studies to assess the association between depression and risk of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Relevant literature was searched from Medline, Embase, Web of Science (up to April 2014) as well as manual searches of reference lists of selected publications. Cohort studies on the association between depression and breast cancer were included. Data abstraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two authors. Random-effect model was used to compute the pooled risk estimate. Visual inspection of a funnel plot, Begg rank correlation test and Egger linear regression test were used to evaluate the publication bias. Results: We identified eleven cohort studies (182,241 participants, 2,353 cases) with a follow-up duration ranging from 5 to 38 years. The pooled adjusted RR was 1.13(95% CI: 0.94 to 1.36; $I^2=67.2%$, p=0.001). The association between the risk of breast cancer and depression was consistent across subgroups. Visual inspection of funnel plot and Begg's and Egger's tests indicated no evidence of publication bias. Regarding limitations, a one-time assessment of depression with no measure of duration weakens the test of hypothesis. In addition, 8 different scales were used for the measurement of depression, potentially adding to the multiple conceptual problems concerned with the definition of depression. Conclusions: Available epidemiological evidence is insufficient to support a positive association between depression and breast cancer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2007

The therapy by injection-acupuncture (AP) with bee-venom (apitoxin) and injection-AP with apitoxin combined by administration of Chinese herbal medicine was applied in 2 cases with canine intervertebral disc disease (IVDD). Case 1 was diagnosed as thoraco-lumbar IVDD (T11-T12, T12-T13, L3-L4 and L4-L5) and case 2 was diagnosed as IVDD at T10-T11 and T12-T13, respectively Injection-AP with apitoxin($Apitoxinc{(R)}$, total $200{\mu}g$ of apitoxin, 0.1 ml/acupoint) plus physical exercise (walking with gocart, TID/day) and aquatherapy (swimming treatment, BID/week) were given to each patient. The used acupoints were GV20 (Bai Hui), GB30 (Huan Tiao), ST36 (Zu San Li), GB34 (Yang Ling Quan), ST40 (Feng Long), ST41 (Jie Xi) and BL40 (Wei Zhong), the lesions, and trigger points. In addition, Chinese herbal medicine (Koda Pharmaceutical Co., Taiwan) including Zheng Gu Zi Jin Dan (正骨紫金丹 : 1 g), Shiuh Duann(續斷 : 0.2 g), Du Zhong(杜仲 : 0.2 g), Mo Yao(沒藥 : 0.2 g), Ru Xian(乳香 : 0.2 g) and Pyrite(自然銅 : 0.2 g) were orallly mdeicated BID for 0\9days in case 2. Walking was possible after session 11 for 4 weeks in case 1 and after session 6 for 2 weeks in case 2, respectively.