• 음성과학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2001

The abbreviation (specially, an acronym) are used more nowadays. However we are using them carelessly unknowing that there are some reducing patterns. In this paper, we will first analyse the right oralization and the phonemicization of abbreviation on the basis of the group types. Then, we will propose necessary and sufficient conditions to recognize how to read or pronounce the acronyms and in which way, when they are converted from the text to the speech. We have limited the use of acronym to the graphem-phoneme relations, and the diversity of the usage to minimized, and therefore we could define clearly the characteristics of the phonetic chains. In conclusion, we could find that there are more phonemicization in producing acronyms with these phonetic chains characteristics, and these phonetic based acronyms are increasingly used in the field of aviation and medicine.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2021

Through the analysis of Gerhard Richter's works of art in the period of "fuzzy image", this paper expounds the special internal quality of fuzzy image in Richter's works and reveals an important direction of the development of contemporary easel painting, The special essence of Richter's vague image is that he uses photos to reflect the power and authenticity of the existence of the objective things. He was not satisfied with the radical way of modern painting and tried to return to the traditional way of painting, but in fact Richter kept a special distance between classical painting and modern art. Richter not only blurs the image in his creation, but also shows that he wants to show the objectivity of things, keep the distance, authenticity and give up painting. Richter used fuzzy images to capture the concept of "visual unconsciousness", and finally separated from the concept. When we read how Richter showed the reality of things in the way of painting, we also saw a kind of contradictory psychology when he faced the complicated objective.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2023

The majority of product users rely on the reviews that are posted on the appropriate website. Both users and the product's manufacturer could benefit from these reviews. Daily, thousands of reviews are submitted; how is it possible to read them all? Sentiment analysis has become a critical field of research as posting reviews become more and more common. Machine learning techniques that are supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised have worked very hard to harvest this data. The complicated and technological area of feature engineering falls within machine learning. Using deep learning, this tedious process may be completed automatically. Numerous studies have been conducted on deep learning models like LSTM, CNN, RNN, and GRU. Each model has employed a certain type of data, such as CNN for pictures and LSTM for language translation, etc. According to experimental results utilizing a publicly accessible dataset with reviews for all of the models, both positive and negative, and CNN, the best model for the dataset was identified in comparison to the other models, with an accuracy rate of 81%.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2011

Twitter is a popular microblogging service that enables the users to send and read short text messages. These messages are becoming source to analyze topic trends and identify relations among temporal topics. In this paper, we propose a method to classify the temporal topics on Twitter as a problem of grouping the similar patterns. To provide a starting point for a classification under the same topics, we identify the content word weighting scheme based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). And we formulate how the temporal topics in the time window can be classified like peaky topics, constant topics, and periodic topics. We provide different real case studies which show the validity of the proposed method. Evaluations show that the proposed method is useful as a classifying model in the analysis of the temporal topics.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.475-488
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary students' difficulties when they read the illustrations on scientific textbook. 5 illustrations were selected on basis that they had some of the textual/graphical features. The data were collected from open-ended questionnaires and follow-up interviews. To investigate difficulties of reading illustrations, 100 sixth grade students participated in this study and interviews were taken to 9 volunteers among those participants. The results showed that many students had difficulties in the integration of verbal representation and realistic image representation on the illustration, therefore they often misunderstood the meaning of illustration. These results gave several recommendations when we used illustrations as educational materials. Teachers would be better to guide that students could understand illustrations with the integration of the reading of one or more representations.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop a scale for evaluation of Parent's Literacy Interaction Rating Scale (PLIRS) for preschool children and to examine its validity and reliability. The participants of this study were 342 Korean mothers with children of 3 to 5 year olds. The methods for data analysis included item analysis, factor analysis for construct validity, Pearson correlations between PLIRS and two sub tests of EC-HOME for concurrent validity, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability. The item discrimination was determined by comparing the highest and lowest groups using Chi-square (${\chi}^2$), and Cramer's V. The 25 items of the scale were found to be satisfactory in item discrimination. The concurrent validity was also identified by correlation between PLIRS and two sub tests of EC-HOME. Factor analysis revealed that the structure of the PLIRS consisted of three factors: 'open interaction', 'directive interaction', and 'picture-book reading interaction'. 'Open interaction' is based on 'Whole Language Approach', such as 'I have my child write as he/she likes even if they spell wrongly.' 'Directive interaction' is based on 'Code Emphasis Approach', such as 'I have my child take dictation.' 'Picture-book reading interaction' is how parents read picture-book with her/his children, such as 'When I read a picture book to my child, I ask various questions about a book story.' The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for internal consistency reliability range was .78 to .87 for three subscales. It was concluded that PLIRS was valid and reliable to examine the literacy interaction between parents and children in home.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.142-156
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• 2016

Convergence of IT devices and fashion is enabling the industry to take fully different approaches in various areas including product planning, fabric selecting, distributing, and marketing. At the same time, it also transforms the definition of clothing itself. Convergence of IT technologies in the realm of fashion and textiles industries can create a powerful synergy through connection digital devices, such as mobile phone. In this context, this study attempts to suggest how IT technology can be efficiently harnessed through the usage of mobile devices in the planning stage of fashion materials, where the initial production plan of a clothing item is mapped out. This study ultimately aims to enhance the effectiveness of databases on fashion material information by using mobile devices to utilize NFC, an RFID technology having as much revolutionary power as Internet - which can be the convergence between IT and fashion across the software dimensions. To pursue this research, data on fashion material information regarding 200 woven fabric specimens were provided by textile companies. The information includes elements such as its composition, weight, width, yarn, density and sales report. These pieces of information were organized into a database. Drawing on this data, Android-based applications that allow smart phones to read off fabric information from NFC tags were developed for this study using two methods. The system works as follows: 1. NFC tag stickers are attached onto the hangers where 200 fabric samples are hanging. 2. The NFC tag stickers are tagged, or read off from a smart phone that support NFC functions. 3. Upon tagging, the Smart phone swiftly displays all information available on its screen - not only the aforementioned six elements, but also the image of the clothing item from the fabric in its finalized product form, and the video of the model wearing the item - for convenient view. The method harbors immense potential for the fashion industry in general, and will also be useful in those fields inside the industry that harness NFC technology.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.410-427
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• 2009

본 연구는 도해력의 의미를 점검하고 도해력의 발달수준을 판단할 수 있는 기준에 대해 검토한 후, 2005${\sim}$2007년까지 의 학업성취도 문항중 그래픽 자료를 활용한 문항을 중심으로 학교급별로 기대되는 도해력의 수준과 실제 숙달 수준을 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학교급이 올라갈수록 그래픽 자료를 읽는 데 명시적 정보추출능력보다는 함축적 정보추출능력과 개념적 정보추출능력이 많이 요구된다. 둘째, 전체 문항 중 숙달 수준에 해당하는 문항의 비율은 학교급이 올라갈수록 낮아진다. 셋째, 학교급별 숙달 수준은 초등학교의 경우 단순한 지도에 명시된 정보나 등고선, 단순한 지도, 기본적인 선 그래프 등에 함축된 정보를 읽을 수 있는 수준이고, 중학교의 경우 제시된 자료를 활용해 지도와 그래프에 나타난 지리적 현상의 직접적인 인과관계를 추론할 수 있는 수준이며, 고등학교의 경우 일상생활의 경험을 통해 습득한 지식을 적용해 그래픽 자료를 읽을 수 있는 수준이다.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.253-271
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• 2011

근대는 시공간의 압축 시대다. 근대 부산의 시간을 압축시킨 중심축은 기차와 전차다. 기차와 전차 등 근대교통의 발달은 근대도시의 시공간적 성격을 변화시켰다. 근대의 상징이라고 할 수 있는 기차와 전차를 통해 근대도시 부산의 로컬리티를 찾으려고 하였다. 근대도시 부산의 발달은 근대성과 식민지 수탈성을 담보하고 있다. 로컬리티 기록은 로컬과 관련된 인간의 경험을 읽어낼 수 있는 자료이다. 근대교통과 관련된 '로컬리티의 기록화'는 근대도시 부산의 로컬리티를 읽어내기 위한 작업이다. 교통이 지역사회, 지역사람들의 일상, 공간변화와 어떻게 상호 연관을 가지는지를 이해할 수 있다. 본 연구는 그것을 위한 작은 시도다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.725-733
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• 2010

This study examined the understanding and use of information on nutrition labels based on one serving size among female consumers above the age of 20 in Seoul area. According to the survey, 69.9% of respondents were aware of the current system of nutrition labeling based on one serving size, and 51.8% of the respondents expressed their dissatisfaction with the system because the nutrition labels were difficult to understand or appeared unreliable. The nutrition label literacy of the consumers varied with respect to different packaging units. The respondents were likely to be less accurate in calculating the expected caloric intake when only portions of a multi-serving package were used. Initially 69.0% of respondents reported that they had read the nutrition label before purchasing a product but 91.9% of respondents said that they would check the label after learning how to read the label properly. It is very important to make consumers aware that the labels are very reliable sources of nutrition information. A public education campaign on the use of nutrition labels should focus on developing the consumers' ability and skills in using the label information when choosing foods.