• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2019

Supplying stable electric power is one of the important objectives of the Official Development Assistance (ODA) because it is strongly related with improving living standards and income levels in the region. However, rural areas in many developing countries are not properly connected to national power grids, and even areas connected to national power grids are frequently blacked out due to limitations in power capacity. These lack of electric power is a major obstacle to improving income levels and improving living standards in those areas. The Korea-Tanzania Innovative and Energy Center (iTEC), which was established by Seoul National University in cooperation with the Nelson-Mandela Africa Institute of Science and Technology and Technology (NM-AIST) try to build a small solar power plant using a smart-off grid in rural area of Tanzania, where there is no electricity. 10 kW and 7 kW solar power plants are built in Mkalama Village in Kilimanajaro Region and Ngurdoto Village in Arusha Region to provide power to about 50 households each. In addition, smart monitoring systems were installed to collect data about status of power system and power consumption of each house. iTEC seeks for sustainable improvement the income level and quality of life of rural residents in developing countries through the construction of small solar power plants using smart-off grid, and the implementation of various connected projects.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-130
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• 2009

Three experiments on the addition of Porous Calcium Silicate (PCS) to broiler feed were conducted at different time periods in the same house. Each treatment had 4 replicates with 12 chicks in each treatment. Weight gain and feed intake were higher ($P{\le}0.05$) in the control groups. Feed conversions' were better ($P{\le}0.05$) in the PCS group, 3.0% PCS and 20 mesh size of PCS than the control group from 21 to 49 days, and for the overall period. $NH_3$ and $H_2S$. gas production were decreased ($P{\le}0.05$) when zeolite was added in broiler feeds. 1.5% or 3.0% PCS in broiler feed was better ($P{\le}0.05$) than the 4% PCS. More than 90 mesh size PCS was better ($P{\le}0.05$) in controlling $CO_2$ production in the 5th period than the 20 or 50 mesh size or control groups. The control and PCS groups produced more flies ($P{\le}0.05$) than zeolite group during the 2nd and 3rd weeks. The 3.0% or 4.5% PCS or 50 or 90 mesh size of PCS in broiler feed produced more flies than the 20 mesh size or control groups although 50 or 90 mesh size of PCS during 5th week tended to have lower fly production than the 20 mesh size of PCS and control group.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.14.1-14.8
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• 2014

Objectives Some plants were placed in indoor locations frequented by asthmatics in order to evaluate the quality of indoor air and examine the health benefits to asthmatics. Methods The present study classified the participants into two groups: households of continuation and households of withdrawal by a quasi-experimental design. The households of continuation spent the two observation terms with indoor plants, whereas the households of withdrawal passed the former observation terms with indoor plants and went through the latter observation term without any indoor plants. Results The household of continuation showed a continual decrease in the indoor concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the entire observation period, but the household of withdrawal performed an increase in the indoor concentrations of VOCs, except formaldehyde and toluene during the latter observation term after the decrease during the former observation term. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) increased in the households of continuation with the value of 13.9 L/min in the morning and 20.6 L/min in the evening, but decreased in the households of withdrawal with the value of -24.7 L/min in the morning and -30.2 L/min in the evening in the first experimental season. All of the households exhibited a decrease in the value of PEFR in the second experimental season. Conclusions Limitations to the generalizability of findings regarding the presence of plants indoors can be seen as a more general expression of such a benefit of human-environment relations.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

This study was carried out to file up using effect and requirement of energy for environmental design data of Pleurotus eryngii growing houses. Heating and cooling Degree-Hour (D-H) were calculated and compared for. some Pleurotus eryngii growing houses of sandwich-panel (permanent) o. arch-roofed(simple) type structures modified and suggested through field survey and analysis. Also thermal resistance (R-value) was calculated for the heat insulating and covering materials of the permanent and simple-type, which were made of polyurethane or polystyrene panel and $7\~8$ layers heat conservation cover wall. The variations of heating and cooling D-H simulated for Jinju area was nearly linearly proportional to the setting inside temperatures. The variations of cooling D-H was much more sensitive than those of heating D-H. Therefore, it was expected that the variations of required energy in accordance with setting temperature or actual temperature maintained inside of the cultivation house could be estimated and also the estimated results of heating and cooling D-H could be effectively used far the verification of environmental simulation as well as for the calculation of required energy amounts. When the cultivation floor areas are all equal, panel type houses to be constructed by various combinations of materials were found to by far more effective than simple type pipe house in the aspect of energy conservation maintenance except some additional cost invested initially. And also the energy effectiveness of multi-span house compared to single span together with the prediction of energy requirement depending on the level insulated for the wall and roof area could be estimated. Additionally, structural as well as environmental optimizations are expected to be possible by calculating periodical and/or seasonal energy requirements for those various combinations of insulation level and different climate conditions, etc.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.423-430
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• 2024

Cymbidium (C.) spp. 'Wedding Day' was developed by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in 2021. This cultivar was derived from the artificial cross between C. 'Boksam Holiday' and C. 'Persicolor' in 2008. After the crossing, 112 seedlings were obtained through in vitro germination and transferred to the green house. Based on their vegetative and flowering characteristics, two lines were selected through the first selection. To confirm the stability and uniformity of the two lines, the first and second trials were conducted from 2017 to 2021. As a result, the final line with the code 'C0844-29' was selected as 'Wongyuo F1-78'. After evaluating consumer preference, the line was named as 'Wedding Day'. This hybrid is medium sized cultivar with long vase life of cut flowers and more than 11 white flowers per stalk. It has 63.2 cm of erect stalks which are suitable for cut flower. The leaves are 65.8 cm long and located lower than the flowers, providing appropriate shape for viewing the flowers. It starts flowering from late January. It has sufficient proliferation ability to enable mass proliferation for commercial use (Registration No. 9523).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2009

An extrapolation of residue data of seven commonly used pesticides namely bifenthrin, chlorothalonil, cypermethrin, diazinon, fenvalerate, phenthoate and procymidone on a total of 22 minor crops has been carried out in an experimental field trial. The pesticides were applied to 11 leafy-, 5 root- and 6 stem-crops grown in the experimental green-house and the crops and plants were randomly collected at 1, 3, 5, 7 days after application. The average recoveries of applied pesticides were ranged from 72.0 to 117.0% in leafy crops, from 81.3 to 105.0% in stem crops and from 70.1 to 108.1% in the root-crops. Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.005-0.1 mg/kg in the leafy crops and 0.001-0.005 mg/kg in both the stem & root crops. Based on the results of residual dissipation pattern and their morphology, all crops were classified into high and low residual groups. The results showed that it might be possible to extrapolate residual data of stem-crops to root-crops within the same group. Crops that have currently no registered pesticide for use, would be possible to use the pesticides which are already been registered for the similar crops.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.480-500
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• 2011

This paper aims to describe the rapid growth of the one-person households in terms of the socio-economic demographic perspectives during the period of 1995-2005 and to analyze the spatial distribution patterns based on different characteristics of one-person households. The increase in the divorce ratio in the middle-aged, the growth of unmarried people the young generation, and the increase of life expectancy in the old generation are explanatory factors for the rise and diversification of one-person households in Korea. The rapid increase of one-person households is accompanied by a diversification in their age, gender, marital status, education level. Uneven distribution of one-person households depends on their age, level of education and dwelling type. Highly educated young adults residing in their own apartment are generally concentrated in major cities, whereas senior citizen with their own single house who lives alone are mostly in rural area. One-person households of the highly educated young adults are significantly polarized in the light of their the living standards. In particular, metropolitan area or big cities are mixed with those who have their own apartment and are financially capacity and with those who rent in a detached single house. As such, one-person households have considerably heterogeneous characteristics. Therefore, each local government will face different economic and social problems based on which group of one-person households are increasing and where they are concentrated in. To this extent, the local government should have differentiated welfare policy according to its own respect.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.343-347
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• 2010

Heavy application of fertilizer and manure in excess from the optimum requirement for crop growth can increase phosphorus (P) accumulation and P release potential in soils. In this study, the relationship between soil test P and 0.01M $CaCl_2$ extractable P was analysed to evaluate the P release potential of agricultural soils under different land-use. The paddy, upland, plastic film house(PFH) soils were sampled from Tongyoung and Changnyeong, and Daegok areas in Gyeongnam province, respectively. With respect to the P accumulation, available P contents in upland and PFH soils were 619 and 796 mg $P_2O_5$/kg, respectively indicating that different land-use types can greatly impact soil P accumulation. As soil available P was increased in the paddy soil, the content of 0.01M $CaCl_2$ extractable P also linearly increased without change point. Comparatively, P threshold were detected at 520 mg $P_2O_5$/kg in both upland and PFH soils, indicating that P release potential were higher in these land-use systems. For reducing P release from agricultural soils, management of optimum P content is needed in soils possessing high P release potential. Further, the change point value, if it is to be used as an environmental indicator, requires more detailed investigation to cover a wide range of soil characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.33
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• pp.39-84
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• 2012

Maul is a rural community with common culture and self-government system and generally consists of tens of houses living together in Korea. Maul is different from a village in the West. Maul archive is a community archive of a maul. It is not only the space to record the life of residents, history and culture of a maul but also the space to realize democracy by the participation of maul residents and to satisfy the cultural life of current residents. Nowadays, it is very important to establish maul archives to connect mauls and to communicate with the outside world, to reinforce the orignal form in maul culture and revive the alienated maul culture. To establish the maul archives, it is necessary to draw the recognition and continuous interest of the central and local government and scientifical study of scholars. The first step to found maul archives is to organize a committee. Then the committee will benchmark the preceding practices, collect, record and manage the maul archives. The maul archives is recommended to be housed in an existent traditional house with some remodeling for spaces of display and education, preservation and management. I believe that the maul archive is culturally meaningful for the resident. They will enjoy and develop their lives better, connected to outside world. The co-operation of the scholar, the resident, and the government will foster the maul archive to a success.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2010

The purpose of the study was to identify the potential buyers' consciousness of single-family housing to provide useful data to help future single-family housing supplies in Ulsan. The study selected residents in Ulsan, who were over twenty and had an interest in living in a single-family housing. A survey was conducted from September 11, 2008 to September 25, 2008. The sample consisted of 364 persons who are currently live in Ulsan metropolitan area. The results are as following. About two thirds of the sample had the desire to live in a single-family housing. Moving into a single-family housing had financial preparation as the greatest issue. When moving into a single-family housing, the convenience of the residential district was the greatest consideration, whether or not it is a green environment, pollution level, etc. The potential buyers valued environment-friendly features and also had a very strong desire to own their own house. Many of them wanted to design and build their own single-family housing within a budget of 100-200 million KRW. In terms of the location, there was a higher preference for the riverside or lakeside rural areas outside the city. In terms of size, the preference was less than $330m^2$, which includes $99-132m^2$ for residential. When considering a single-family housing the direction was the most important feature, along with eco-friendly and safer materials and equipments. When building the single-family housing the potential buyers considered the community spaces first with a preference for having three bedrooms and two bathrooms. For the exterior, they wanted a unique shape of roof and there were high preferences for brown and beige colors. In terms of housing complexes, the potential buyers preferred individual unit types over complexes. If they preferred housing complexes, they wanted the cluster form complex with about 10-30 units. The complex also required a park-like setting with a guard system, which shows that convenience and safety were the most important features. In terms of complex management, they considered environmental management as the most important feature. The potential buyers were willing to pay belw 200,000 KRW, which showed their desire to minimize financial burdens.