• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2008

Korean traditional medicine has been used for the treatment of the various diseases based on both oriental medicinal theory and clinical trials. Thus, the prescriptions of Korean traditional medicine would be useful for the development of new therapeutics. This research focuses on the fundamental study in Korean traditional prescriptions for the development of new hepatoprotective agents. We found two prescriptions. Injinho-Tang and Osumogwa-Tang, showed the significant DPPH free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective effect, respectively. It is well-known that free radical scavenging effect is related to the prevention of various pathological events including liver injury. This paper deals with hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, free radicals scavenging on both DPPH and superoxide of above two prescriptions. Hot water extract of Injinho-Tang did not show the significant hepatoprotective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, it shows the significant scavenging effects for both DPPH and superoxide radicals. On the other hand, all of the hot water extracts of constituent herbal drugs in Injinho-Tang exhibited the promising protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Of these, water extract of Rhei Rhizoma showed the most prominent effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Rhei Rhizoma extract has furnished four compounds, and their chemical structures have been identified by comparison of their spectral data with those of literature as chrysophanol (1), emodin (2), 3,5-dihydroxy-4'- methoxystilbene (3), and rhapontigenin (4), respectively. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2-4 revealed the significant hepatoprotective effect in vitro when their $EC_{50}$ values compare with that of silybin, as a positive control. It also exhibited that emodin possessed the most hepatoprotective effect among these active compounds. In case of Osumogwa-Tang, its hot water extract showed the moderate protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Hot water extract of Chaenomelis Fructus, one of the constituent herbal drug of this prescription, exhibited the significant hepatoprotective effect with $EC_{50}$ value of $7.8{\pm}0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$, however, it showed strong cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells above the concentration of $25\;{\mu}g/ml$. It was revealed that both hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus and its butanol soluble fraction showed the moderate hepatoprotective effect but concentration-dependent activity in Hep G2 assay system. Two quinolone alkaloids, evocarpine and dihydroevocarpine, also tested for their hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, these two compounds derived from the Evodiae Fructus as the major constituents did not show in vitro hepatoprotective effect. From these results, it would be necessary to further isolation of its hepatoprotective compounds from the butanol soluble fraction of the hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.371-375
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• 1997

The content of genistein and daidzein which were known to be major antioxidative compounds in soybeans were detected by $C_{18}$ reverse phase HPLC. Most of isoflavones in soybeans were detected in the methanol extract but much less amount of isoflavones in the water extract. Among the four different kind of soybeans, the isoflavone content was highest in brown soybean, followed by yellow, small black and black soybean, in the order. These isoflavones were known to be soluble in hot water, which means transfer of isoflavone content was highest in brown soybean, followed by yellow, small black and black soybean, in the order. These isoflavones were known to be soluble in hot water, which means transfer of isoflavones in soy curd into whey during soy curd processing. To identify the change of isoflavone content during processing of soybean curd, soybean curd were made from yellow, brown and black soybean and isoflavone content were determined in each soybean curd, curd residue and whey. Most of soflavones were remained in the whey, it means most of useful antioxidative compounds were wasted. Thus, it is necessary to develop new technology to collect these isoflavones lost during soybean curd processing.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.92-92
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• 1968

1) The aim of present investigation is to elucidate the relation of the balance of the production and decomposition of the fir litter. in Kwangnung plantation stands. 2) The decay constant, K, of litters was 0. 185 for the fir stand at Kwangnung. 3) The mode for the accumulation of organic carbon ($C_a$) is $c_a$= $610(1-e^{-0.185t})$), and for the decay of organic carbon (C) C = $610(1-e^{-0.185t})$. 4) The time required for the decay of half of the accumulated organic carbon in the fir stand is 3. 74 years and for 99% of elimination 27.02 years. 5) The litters of Abies holophylla killed by heat and washed with alcohol-benzol, with hot water, or with both alcohol-benzol and hot water were incubated after inoculated with suspension of firwood soil. Plate counts were made of fungi and bacteria from time to time. 6) Removal of the alcohol-benzol soluble substance stimulates at the beginning of the decay the growth of fungi and also of bacteria. 7) Removal of the water soluble fraction is detrimental to the growth of fungi in particular. 8) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F and H horizon of the fir plantation soil in Kwangnung. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in forest soil.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.93-99
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• 1968

1) The aim of present investigation is to elucidate the relation of the balance of the production and decomposition of the fir litter. in Kwangnung plantation stands. 2) The decay constant, K, of litters was 0. 185 for the fir stand at Kwangnung. 3) The mode for the accumulation of organic carbon ($C_a$) is $c_a$= $610(1-e^{-0.185t})$), and for the decay of organic carbon (C) C = $610(1-e^{-0.185t})$. 4) The time required for the decay of half of the accumulated organic carbon in the fir stand is 3. 74 years and for 99% of elimination 27.02 years. 5) The litters of Abies holophylla killed by heat and washed with alcohol-benzol, with hot water, or with both alcohol-benzol and hot water were incubated after inoculated with suspension of firwood soil. Plate counts were made of fungi and bacteria from time to time. 6) Removal of the alcohol-benzol soluble substance stimulates at the beginning of the decay the growth of fungi and also of bacteria. 7) Removal of the water soluble fraction is detrimental to the growth of fungi in particular. 8) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F and H horizon of the fir plantation soil in Kwangnung. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in forest soil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.502-508
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• 1998

The characteristics of hydration and hot-water solublilization of milled rice during cooking were investigated using Korean rice [3 varieties of Japonica type and 3 varieties of Tongil type (Japonica-Indica breeding type)]. The water uptake rate constants of Japonica type varieties during cooking were later than those of Tongil type varieties. The contents of solubles and soluble amylose among Japonica type varieties during cooking were similar, but those among Tongil type varieties were different. At the same cooking conditions, Japonica type varieties showed higher contents and leaching rate constants of solubles as well as soluble amylose than Tongil type varieties.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.307-311
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• 2004

Hot water soluble extract from sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida was examined for antioxidant activity using l,l-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and lipid peroxidation assay. The $IC_{50}$ value (7.6 mg/ml) of hot water extract from sporophyll of U. pinnatifida was more higher than ascorbic acid (0.025 mg/ml) and BHT (0.25 mg/ml). The hot water extract from sporoof U. pinnatifida was stable from pH 2 to pH 7 but decreased at alkali pH. The heat stability of hot water extract from sporophyll of U. pinnatifida was stable from $0^{\circ}C$ to $120^{\circ}C$. An effect on an antioxidant activity of hot water extract from sporophyll of U. pinnatifida was studied with various metal ions and EDTA. Antioxiactvity of hot water extract from sporophyll of U. pinnatifida was inhibited by EDTA but increased by adding $Cu^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$, respectively.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.847-856
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• 2018

This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hot water ($43-53^{\circ}C{\cdot}5min^{-1}$; $47^{\circ}C{\cdot}2-6min^{-1}$), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at $50-300nL\;L^{-1}$ and a combination of hot water ($47/49^{\circ}C{\cdot}5min^{-1}$) and phosphite $40%\;P_2O_5+20%\;K_2O$;$40%\;P_2O_5+10%\;Zn$) in anthracnose control and the effect on fruit quality [fresh weight loss (FWL-%); pH, total soluble solids ($TSS-^{\circ}Brix$), and titratable acidity (TA = % citric acid (CA)] of passion fruit ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa ) at the postharvest stage. When the fruits were in the stage of 0% dehydration and fully yellow peels, they were disinfested and inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. They were then subjected to the above mentioned treatments; this was followed by incubation for 120 h. The diameter of the disease lesions was monitored daily. After the incubation, a physico-chemical analysis was performed. Hot-water treatment resulted in disease reduction at 47 and $49^{\circ}C$ for 4 and 5 min. The combination of hot-water treatment at $47^{\circ}C$ (4 or 5 min) and application of the phosphite of K or Zn significantly reduced disease severity in fruits. The 1-MCP treatment reduced anthracnose severity in passion fruit mainly at $200nL\;L^{-1}{\cdot} 24h^{-1} $. None of the treatments significantly changed the physico-chemical characteristics of the fruit [FWL (2.6-4.1%); pH (3.2-3.5), TSS ($8.9-10.9^{\circ}Brix$), and TA (1.8-2.5% CA)].

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.259-262
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• 2005

A fraction (CMEx-AH-${\beta}$) of water-soluble polysaccharides, showing selective antitumor activities, was isolated from the mycelia of solid cultured Agaricus blazei Murill by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and series of chromatography. Chemical characteristics of CMEx-AH-${\beta}$, were as follows: carbohydrate content, 48%; monosaccharide composition, Man:Glu:Gal (2:93:5); molecular weight, $2{\times}10^5$; uronic acid content, 6.2%. Fundamental structure of CMEx-AH-${\beta}$, was deduced as ${\beta}-(1\;{\rightarrow}\;6)$-D-glucan with ${\beta}-(1\;{\rightarrow}\;3)$-D-glucosidic side chains based on results of methylation and $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopic analyses.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.783-787
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• 2005

Fraction (PMEx-AH-${\beta}$) of water-soluble polysaccharide, showing stimulating activity against macrophages, was isolated from mycelia of solid cultured Phellinus linteus by hot-water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and chromatography. Chemical characteristics of PMEx-AH-${\beta}$ were as follows: carbohydrate content, 71%; monosaccharide composition, Man:Glu:Gal (9:64:27); molecular weight, $1-7{\times}10^4$; uronic acid content, 6.8%. Fundamental structure of PMEx-AH-${\beta}$ is deduced as ${\beta}$-($1{$\rightarrow}6$)-D-glucan with ${\beta}$-($1{\rightarow}3$)-D-glucosidic side chains based on methylation analysis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.667-671
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• 2009

Extract of water-soluble polysaccharide (CFWx), showing inhibiting activity on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, was prepared from the fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris by hot-water extraction, and ethanol precipitation. Chemical characteristics of CFWx were as follows: carbohydrate content 30% including 16% of uronic acid; 51% protein content; monosaccharide composition, Man:Glu:Gal (30:43:27); molecular weight $3-5{\times}10^4$. CFWx was further purified by ion-exchange, gel-permeation, and affinity chromatography and $CFWx-AH-{\alpha}$ fraction was isolated. Fundamental structure of $CFWx-AH-{\alpha}$ was deduced as ${\alpha}-(1{\to}4$)-D-glucan with ${\alpha}-(1{\to}3$)- and/or ${\alpha}-(1{\to}6$)-D-glycosidic side chains based on methylation analysis.