• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.372-379
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• 2010

Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot was isolated from sesame seeds (cvs. Giza 32 and Shandawel-3) collected from different localities of Assiut, Sohage and El-Minia Governorates. The fungus was found in the highest frequently in samples collected from Assiut Governorate followed by Sohag and finally EL Minia Governorate. The obtained isolates were different in their virulence on the tested sesame cvs. Also, they differed in their growth nature including colony color and sclerotial production. The color of colonies of the pathogen seem to be correlated with density of sclerotial formation. Aqueous extracts of Majorna, Wild chamomile, Geranium oil and Nees plants were highly toxic to tested isolates of M. phaseolina, in vitro. On the other hand the rest of the tested aqueous extracts had no effect. Under greenhouse conditions in 2005 and 2006 seasons, soaking seeds of sesame before sowing in aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus, Nerium, Ocimum and Roesmary plants decreased the disease incidence. Aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus and Ocimum were the most effective treatment. Dipping sesame seeds in hot water at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes increased seed germination of Giza 32 and Shandawel-3 cvs. followed by $55^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ and $45^{\circ}C$, while $40^{\circ}C$ treatment resulted the lowest seed germination rate. Dipping sesame seeds in hot water at different temperature before planting decreased seed, seedling and charcoal rots. Soaking seeds in hot water at $60^{\circ}C$ increased greatly plant height and decreased seed, seedling rot and charcoal rot followed by $55^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, under greenhouse condition.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2013

The present study attempts to evaluate antioxidant activities of extracts from Abeliophyllum distichum. Nakai flower. The samples were collected in Jangyyeon-myeon, Goesan-gun, Korea and extracted with either hot-water or ethyl acetate (EtOAC). In DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and $Fe^{2+}$ chelating activity of EtOAC extracts were 93.41%, 98.43%, and 7.38%, while those of hot-water extracts were 86.93%, 41.33% and 47.68% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. In ${\varphi}X$-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay, the protective effects of EtOAC and hot-water extracts against oxidative DNA damage were 82% and 17% at 200 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Both extracts showed the protective effect of DNA migration by oxidative stress in intracellular DNA migration assay. Both extracts had no cytotoxity in NIH3T3 cells. Several polyphenolic compounds were identified such as 2-methoxy-benzoic acid, vanillic acid, phytol and pulegone by GC/MS. These results indicated that extracts of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai flower showed antioxidant activities and protective activities against oxidative DNA damage and showed the possibility to be used as an effective natural antioxidants.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1190-1198
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• 2011

한약재의 추출방법에 따른 인체신경모세포 SK-N-SH에 대한 보호 효과를 연구하였다. 당귀, 건지황, 작약 및 천궁을 시료로 사용하였고, 열수추출(환류냉각, 5 시간), 증숙추출(100$^{\circ}C$ 및 120$^{\circ}C$, 90분 후 열수추출) 방법과 에탄올추출(환류냉각, 5 시간)방법을 비교하였다. 추출물을 농도별로 SK-N-SH 세포에 2 시간 처리한 후 $H_2O_2$로 250${\mu}M$로 2 시간 산화스트레스를 유발한 다음 세포독성 및 apoptosis와 caspase-3의 발현 정도를 측정하였다. 모든 약재의 열수추출물이 다른 추출물보다 세포 증식을 촉진하였고, apoptosis를 억제하였다. 한약재 열수추출물 1${\mu}g/{\mu}l}$ 농도까지는 세포증식을 촉진하였지만, 그 이상의 농도에서는 오히려 감소시켰다. 열수추출물은 다른 추출물보다 총페놀성 화합물이 많이 함유되어 있었고, 항산화능이 높았다. 또한, 이와 같은 효과는 당귀의 열수추출물이 다른 약재 열수추출물보다 우수하였다. 본 연구결과는 약재의 열수추출법이 인체신경모세포인 SK-N-SH의 증식과 세포사멸 억제를 위해 가장 우수한 방법이었고, 당귀 열수추출물이 가장 우수한 효과를 지니고 있어 기억력 보호나 상실억제제로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to compare antioxidant effects of different extracts of Salicornia bigelovii seed. DPPH radical scavenging activity, chelating activity of ferrous, superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and contents of total polyphenol and flavonoid were measured for different extracts. Ethanol extract (10 mg/mL) was found to have the maximum DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities (65.26 and 62.36%, respectively). However, hot water extract (10 mg/mL) showed the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging and chelating activities (51.50 and 53.24%, respectively). Total phenolics and flavonoid contents in the ethanol extract were 522.8 and $480.35{\mu}g/mg$, respectively. They were 401.51 and $352.60{\mu}g/mg$, respectively, in the hot water extract. These results indicate that ethanol and hot water extracts of S. bigelovii seed have good potential to be used as a new source of antioxidants for functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of citrus peel extracts with different hot water extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis was also employed using Viscozyme L and results were compared with that of optimized hot water extract. Hot water extraction was performed under different parameters; the sample to solvent ratio(1:20, 1:15, 1:10), extraction time(2, 4 hrs), extraction temperature(85, $95^{\circ}C$) and enzymatic hydrolysis(0, 1%) and the subsequent extracts were used for determining their physicochemical properties, such as total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and electron donating ability (EDA). With the increase in the sample to solvent ratio and extraction time, total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids and EDA increased. But extraction temperature did not significantly affect the hot water extract. As hot water extract was hydrolyzed by the enzyme, total yield and active ingredients increased rapidly. In the result of total yield, total phenolics, total flavonoids and EDA, the activity of enzyme-treated extract was higher than those of enzyme-untreated extract. Based upon the overall hot water extraction efficiency, it was found that 20 times volume or 120 min at a time at $95^{\circ}C$ after enzyme treatment was optimal.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2009

The antioxidative activities of two varieties of egg plant (Chunyang No 2: Dangaji, Jinju Janggaji: Janggaji) extracts were investigated. The total polyphenol contents of Dangaji peel hot water extract and the Janggaji flesh and fruit hot water extracts were higher than those of the other samples. However, the DPPH radical scavenging activities(electron donating activity) of Dangaji flesh-ethanol, peel-cold water, and fruit- ethanol extracts, as well as the Janggaji peel cold water extract, were higher than those of the other samples. Furthermore, the in vitro inhibitory effects of the Dangaji peel cold water and hot water extracts on rat hepatic xanthine oxidase were highest among the samples, and were exhibited in a dose dependant manners. Although there were marked changes in the xanthine oxidase Km values for xanthine as a substrate, the Vmax value changes by the addition of the Dangaji water extracts were minor compared with the control. This result suggests that Dangaji water extracts may regulate the activity of xanthine oxidase-via the inhibition of binding affinity between the enzyme and substrate. The present study provides experimental evidence that constituents of egg plant extracts may ameliorate reactive oxygen species(ROS)-induced oxidative stress via hepatic hepatic xanthine oxidase activity, but further studies to identify the active antioxidants and compounds and inhibitors of xanthine oxidase are required.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.341-348
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Torreyae semen extract against antimicrobial and allergic contact dermatitis to explore its utility as a herbal resource. To this end, the antibacterial effects of Torreyae Semend extracted with hot water and ethanol (30%, 60%, 90%) were investigated using Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Propionibacterium acnes. And observed the anti-atopic dermatitis efficacy with a mouse model that allergic contact dermatitis induced by DNCB. Experimental results showed that the antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa was significantly higher in the hot water extract of Torreyae Semen. We observed that the extracts of 30% ethanol and hot water of Torreyae Semen inhibited growth in a concentration-dependent manner in P. acnes & S. epidermidis. We observed that the administration of hot water extracts and 30% ethanol extract of Torreyae Semen significantly reduce the thickness of ear & back and gross skin condition compared to the control group in the mice with allergic contact dermatitis. As a result of H & E histological staining, it was observed that the Torreyae Semen extraction group had markedly reduced epidermis and skin thickness, granules, and keratinization compared to the control group. The groups administrated with Torreyae Semen hot water extracts had decreased TNF-α and IL-10 contents compared with the control group. As a result, Torreyae Semen may be used as a useful herbal resource because it has a certain level of antibacterial and anti-atopic effects.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.479-488
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• 2008

Some biological activities such as an electron donating capacity, the contents of total polyphenol compounds and flavonoids, fibrinolytic activity and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity have been detected in hot water extracts of Ligularia fischeri and Angelica gigas Nakai. To increase the usefulness of the functional ingredients for prevention and improvement of some metabolic disorders, ethanol-treated hot water extracts of Angelica gigas Nakai were prepared. A hot water extract of Ligularia fischeri has 92% of electron donating capacity, 39.4 mg/g of total polyphenol compounds, 24.8 mg/g of flavonoids and 29.8% of $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, but no fibrinolytic activity. A hot water extract of Angelica gigas Nakai has 94.7% of electron donating capacity, 5.8 mg/g of total polyphenol compounds, 2.6 mg/g of flavonoids, 0.48 plasmin units of fibrinolytic activity and no $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. However, with partial purification using cold ethanol treatment, the $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Angelica gigas Nakai was increased to 70.5%. Thus, we expected a more useful effect with the use of the addition of a cold ethanol-treated Angelica gigas Nakai extract. The L, b values of cold buckwheat noodles using a mixture of 0$\sim$3% of Ligularia fischeri powder and 0.5% of an ethanol-treated hot water extract of Angelica gigas Nakai were decreased with the addition of an increasing amount of Ligularia fischeri powder. Among the mechanical qualities, only adhesiveness was significantly higher in 3% Ligularia fischeri noodles. From sensory evaluation data, it was determined that these two functional ingredients did not ruin the color, texture, and overall acceptance of the cold buckwheat noodles. A higher amount of the extracts improved the quality of the product with little added cost.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2017

고추냉이를 잎, 엽병 및 혼합한 전체 등으로 나누어 잎 열풍건조(LD), 엽병 열풍건조(PD), 전체 열풍건조(WD), 잎 증숙 열풍건조(LSD), 엽병 증숙 열풍건조(PSD), 전체 증숙 열풍건조(WSD) 등으로 구분하여 상온($20^{\circ}C$) 추출액, 열수($95^{\circ}C$) 추출액 등 6종 시료에 대하여 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 탁도와 갈변도는 각각 상온 추출과 증숙하지 않은 잎에서 더욱 높았다. pH는 열수 추출액이 상온 추출액보다 대체로 낮은 값을 나타냈다. Hunter 색도값인 L, a, b 값은 다소 차이는 있었으나 황색도인 b값은 잎이 줄기보다 유의적으로 아주 높게 나타났다. 카바졸 펙틴은 잎에서, 수용성 펙틴은 엽병에서 각각 함량이 높게 나타났다. 총폴리페놀 함량은 잎의 경우 LD20, LD95 각각 1,561.43 mg GAE/100 g, 1,163.02 mg GAE/100 g을 보여 열수 추출로 많이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 총플라보노이드는 엽병의 경우 추출온도별 유의적인 함량 차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과 추출액 LD95 값이 색, 향, 맛, 입안 촉감, 종합적 기호도 등 각 항목에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 전자혀에 의한 신맛, 짠맛, 감칠맛, 단맛 및 쓴맛을 분석한 결과 신맛은 LD20, PSD95, 짠맛은 WSD20, WSD95, 감칠맛은 PD20, PD95에서 각각 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과 고추냉이 잎과 엽병을 이용한 추출액은 부위별 단독보다 병용하여 사용 시 품질 특성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1990

Aconiti Tuber is the root of Aconitum sp (Ranunclaceae) which has been considered as one of the most important medicinal plant having cordiotonic, diuretic and analgesic effect. On the other hand, it has been known that Aconiti Tuber contained toxic agent, aconitine alkaloids so that only processed Aconiti Tubers have been used as herbal drug traditionally. For the safety evaluation of processed Aconiti Tuber, quantitative determination of aconitine and acute, subacute toxicity test were performed on 5 commercial processed Aconiti Tubers. Arapid and precise method using HPLC has been developed for the separation and determination of aconitine. Samples were extracted with hydrochloric acid (pH3) and hot water decoction. In case of d-HCL extracts, the contents of aconitine were from 0.08 mg/g to trace. But in case of hot water decoction extracts, the contents of aconitine were not detected. For the investigation of Aconiti Tuber toxicity in rats, hot water decoction samples and methanol extracts were tested. 1) Acute toxicity test Hot water decoction sample and methanol extracts from Aconiti Tuber did not show any toxic effects in rats by an oral administration. $LD_50values of 2 extracts were above 10.0 g/kg. 2) Subacute toxicity study In the repeated administration study, hot water decoction samples were given orally to Sprague-Dawlay rats for 2 week at daily doses of 5.0 g/kg. The results are as follows; No toxic manifestation, body weight changes and lethality were observed during wxperimental period. There were no significant changes in serum enzyme activities such as GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP between treated and control groups. However CPK values were decreased in the Subuja-treated group. (P<0.01). In addition, no gross and microscopic changes were noted in Aconiti Tuber-treated groups.