• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.157-160
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• 2001

Facial nerve paralysis(or Bell's palsy) which commonly occurs unilaterally, gives rise to paralysis of facial expression muscle. This condition is classified into symptomatic facial nerve paralysis due to intracranial tumor, post operative trauma, etc. and idiopathic facial nerve paralysis. To explain the etiology of idiopathic facial nerve paralysis, many hypothesis including ischemic theory, viral infection, exposure to cold, immune theory etc. were suggested, but there is no agreement at this point. The method to evaluate the facial nerve paralysis, when it occurs, consists of three stage scale method, image thechnics like CT and MRI, laboratory test to examine the antibody titers of viral infection, neurophysiologic test to evaluate the degree and prognosis of paralysis. Treatment includes medication, stellate ganglion block(SGB), surgery, physical therapy and other home care therapy. In medication, systemic steroids, vitamins, vasodilating-drug and ATP drugs were used. SGB was also used repeatedly to attempt the improvement of circulation and to stimulate the recovery of nerve function. Physical therapy including electric acupuncture stimulation therapy(EAST) and hot pack was used to prevent the muscle atrophy. When No response was showed to this conservative therapies, surgery was considered. After treating two patients complaining of Bell's palsy with medication(systemic steroids) and EAST, favorable result was obtained. so author report the case of facial nerve paralysis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1525-1533
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• 2007

The discovery of drugs on the treatment of rhinitis and allergic disease is a very important subject in human heath. The Shinbijen has been used for centruries as a traditional medicine in Korea and is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, its specific mechanism of action is still unknown. In this report, we investigated the effect of hot water extract from Shinbijen on OVA-mediated allergic reaction and studied its possible mechanism of action using fluorescenc microscopy and RT-PCR analysis. Shinbijen inhibited OVA-induced rhinitis, total cells in BFA and lymphocyte related to inflammation in mice. Shinbijen decreased immuno response, which activated by IL-4, COX-2 and iNOS expression. in tissue. Shinbijen reduced inflammatory molecule release from mice lung tissue and CD4/CD8 cells activated by cardiac blood. Shinbijen decreased OVA-induced IL-4 and iNOS levels in pulmonary alveoli. Our findings provide evidence that Shinbijen inhibits OVA-induced allergic reactions, and also demonstrate the involvement of inflammation and allergic disease in these effects.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.2451-2458
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• 2010

고혈압 치료제인 카르베딜롤을 모델약물로 하여 새로운 서방성 방출 제어형 매트릭스 정제를 제조하기 위하여 소수성 서방성 부형제인 Compritol 888 ATO와 친수성 고분자인 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) 또는 polyethylene oxide (PEO)를 이용하여 방출 제어형 매트릭스 정제를 제조하였다. 카르베딜롤 방출 제어형 매트릭스 정제의 제조 시 Compritol 888 ATO의 비율과 친수성 고분자의 종류 및 비율, hot melt coating coagglutination (HMCC) rocess의 적용 유무에 따른 카르베딜롤의 방출 양상을 위하여 용출시험기를 사용하여 pH 1.2의 인공위액과 pH 6.8의 인공장액에서 24시간 동안 $37^{\circ}C$, 50 rpm으로 용출시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, HMCC process를 적용한 모든 제제가 약물의 방출 제어에 매우 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 또한 소수성 서방성 부형제인 Compritol 888 ATO의 비율에 따라 약물의 방출 양상 및 시간이 기존 일반정제에 비하여 약 95%의 용출률을 나타내었으며 24시간까지 지연됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 대표적인 난용성 약물이며, 경구용 천식 치료제 중 하나인 pranlukast의 용해도 및 용출성 개선 제제 개발을 위해 친수성 고분자인 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)와 고분자 계면활성제인 poloxamer를 사용하여 열용융법(HM)과 용매증발법(SE)에 의한 고체분산체를 제조하였다. 고체분산체 내 약물의 결정성 변화를 DSC, PXRD로 분석한 결과, 약물의 결정성이 크게 감소하였고, 부분적으로 무정형으로 변화하였음을 확인하였다. 용출시험 및 용해도 분석결과, 고유 약물에 비해 용해도와 용출 속도가 크게 증가하였다. Pranlukast, PEG, poloxamer가 1:5:1의 조성으로 열용융법에 의해 제조된 고체분산체가 가장 우수한 용해도 및 용출속도 향상 결과를 보였다. 결과적으로 PEG과 poloxamer를 이용한 고체분산체 제제는 난용성 약물인 pranlukast의 용해도와 생체이용률을 개선하는데 유용하게 응용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2010

Greater yang disease(太陽病) is a syndrome induced by peripheral obstruction. One of them is "wind stroke(中風)" with the obstruction in lymphatic system. The other obstruction appearing on circulatory system is called "cold damage(傷寒)." Kyejitang(桂枝湯) is the formula prescribed for greater yang wind stroke pattern(太陽中風證) which is caused by peripheral lymphatic duct obstruction. Ramulus Cinamoni acts as a vasodilator and Radix Paeoniae relieves the abdominal tension. They make blood move to the internal organ and this can remove the retention of peripheral lymphatic system. Covering the patient with a blanket and getting him/her to have hot and thin rice gruel causes slight Diaphoresis, contributing to relieving the retention of lymphatic system. Disharmony between nutrient and defense(營衛不和) means that pressure becomes different between lymphatic system and vascular system. Kyejitang(桂枝湯) is called releasing muscles formula(解肌劑) because it can resolve such pressure difference. Diaphoresis is not a means to eliminate pathogenic qi(邪氣) from the body. That is the syndrome proving that the body fluid has moved around when disordered fluid distribution is corrected. Therefore, diaphoresis should be induced weakly all the time. If diaphoresis is induced excessively, body fluid will move more than desired and then illness cannot be cured. In Sanghanlun(傷寒論), dispersing drugs aim at addressing the retention in the exterior field, but it actually applies to the entire exterior and interior to make body fluid move. Therefore, diaphoresis does not just act on exterior field, and freeing the stool does not only apply to interior field. Distribution of body fluid changed by pathogenic qi(邪氣) influences the whole body because the human body has a closed circulatory system. Sanghanlun(傷寒論) has included treatments for pathogenic disease. However, its value should not be limited to pathogenic disease. It is because controlling blood flow by sending body fluid to the place a doctor wants is certainly worth using for treatment of non-exogenous disease or chronic illnesses.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1260-1270
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• 2007

The discovery of drugs on the treatment of mast cell-mediated allergic disease is a very important subject in human heath. The Socheongyoug-tang(SCYT) has been used for centruries as a traditional medicine in Korea and is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, its specific mechanism of action is still unknown. In this report, we investigated the effect of hot water extract from SCYT on RBL-2H3 mast cell-mediated allergic reaction and studied its possible mechanism of action. SCYT inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and serum histamine release in mice. SCYT decreased the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction activated by Anti-lgE antibody-HSA. SCYT dose-dependently reduced histamine release from mice peritoneal mast cells activated by Anti-lgE antibody-HSA. SCYT increased cAMP and decreased compound 48/80-induced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ levels. Our findings provide evidence that SCYT inhibits mast-derived allergic reactions, and also demonstrate the involvement of cAMP and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in these effects.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

Background: The role of nitric oxide(NO) in analgesia from opioids is controversial. On the one hand, IV morphine analgesia is enhanced by IV injection of NO synthase inhibitors. On the other hand, IV morphine results in increased release of NO in the spinal cord. There have been no behavioral studies examining the interaction between IV morphine and intrathecal injection of drugs which affect NO synthesis. Method: Rats were prepared with chronic lumbar intrathecal catheters and were tested withdrawal latency on the hot plate after 3~5 days of surgery. Antinociception was determinined in response to a heat stimulus to the hind paw before and after IV injection of morphine, 2.5 mg/kg. Twenty minutes after morphine injection, rats received intrathecal injection of saline or the NO synthase inhibitors, L-NMMA or TRIM, the NO scavenger, PTIO, or the NO synthase substrate, L-Arginine. Intrathecal injections, separated by 15 min, were made in each rats and measurements were obtained every 5 min. Result: Mophine produced a 60~70% maximal antinociceptive response to a heat stimulus in all animals for 60 min in control experiments. Intrathecal injection of idazoxane decreased antinociception of IV morphine. The NO synthase inhibitors and the NO scavenger produced dose-dependent decreases in antinociceptive effect of morphine, whereas saline as a control group and L-Arginine as the NO substrate had no effect on antinociception of morphine. Conclusion: The present study supports the evidences that systemic morphine increase the nitrite in cerebrospinal fluid and dorsal horn. These data suggest that the synthesis of NO in the spinal cord may be important to the analgesic effect of IV morphine and increased NO in spinal cord has different action from the supraspinal NO.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2002

PURPOSE: Estrogen replacement therapy is indicated for the relief of hot flushes and urogenital atrophy, the prevention of osteoporosis and the reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study assessed by blood pressure, heart rate variability, and climacteric symptoms in menopausal women before treatment and at 1 month during estrogen replacement therapy. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 16 healthy menopausal women (range 49 to 59 years, mean : 53.4 years) attending menopausal clinics for the complaint of climateric symptoms at S. hospital in Chunchoen. They were all non-smokers and no patient had symptoms or evidence of cardiovascular disease. They took estrogen replacement therapy (conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg with or without medroxy progesteron 2.5mg) for 1 month. Blood pressure, heart rate variability(heart period and vagal tone) through ECG, and climacteric symptom were measured in all subjects before treatment and at 1 month during treatment. Climacteric symptom questionnaire which was developed by Neugarten et al.(1963) was modified with 20 items of question(Cronbach's alpha = 88 -.89). The data was collected from Sept. 1. 2000 to July. 30. 2001. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic pressure between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The mean heart period and vagal tone were slightly increased, but difference of mean heart period and vagal tone were not statistically significant between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The score of climacteric symptoms decreased significantly from the baseline after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Even though, this study did not show that estrogen replacement therapy led decrease of blood pressure and increase heart rate variability, climacteric symptoms reduced much in all subjects after taking drugs. These results suggest that there is need to repeat study with long term period.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2004

A new medical system was started in Korea in 2000 and pharmaceutical affairs law was revised in 2001. According to the revised law, generic substitution is permitted only to the drug products which are proven to be bioequivalent to the reference listed drugs. To expand the list of bioequivalence-proven drug products and to ensure the credibility of the therapeutic equivalence of generic drug are the hot issues in Korea. Also, the KFDA has a plan to revise the pharmaceutical affairs law that bioequivalence reports of all the generic prescription drug products should be submitted to the KFDA for drug approval after July in 2004. Therefore, it is increasing the necessity to develop the bioequivalence-demonstrating methods for specific drug substances and preparations which require to conduct food-effect bioavailability or bioequivalence study. There are some differences between US and Japanese guidances of food-effect bioavailability and bioequivalence studies. In this paper, we examined the recently published US guidance about food-effect study and it will be a reference to make our own guidance about food-effect bioavailability and bioequivalence guidances in Korea.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.184-188
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• 2009

Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer patients. Capsaicin (N-vanillyl-8-methyl-alpha-nonenamide), a spicy component of hot pepper, is a homovanillic acid derivative that preferentially induces cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether capsaicin enhances the anticancer effect of 5-fluorouracil in HT-29 human colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, and whether PPARgamma is involved in the capsaicin action in combination treatment with 5-FU. Treatment of the cells with either 5-FU or capsaicin alone for 48 h had little effect on the cell viability up to $50{\mu}M$ concentration, whereas co-treatment of the cells with capsaicin in the presence of 5-FU for 48 h significantly decreased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, caspase-3 activity, a marker enzyme for apoptosis, was significantly increased by the combined treatment with 5-FU and capsaicin compared to the 5-FU or capsaicin alone treatment. Also, treatment with troglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) agonist, further enhanced the effect of the combination treatment on the cell viability and caspase-3 activity, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a $PPAR{\gamma}$ antagonist, blocked the effect of the combination treatment. These results suggest that the combination treatment of HT-29 cells with 5-FU and capsaicin induces apoptotic cell death at relatively low concentration than each drug alone, and the combination treatment may be associated with the $PPAR{\gamma}$ pathway activation.