• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.8 s.113
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• pp.886-892
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• 2006

Hot spot phenomenon is caused by non-uniform contact area between brake pad and disk frequent braking. Brake disk deformed by locally concentrated heat increases magnitude of frictional vibration. And this deformation can highly influence the judder vibration. In this experimental study, vibration and hot spot was measured in accordance with rotation of disk and pressure of master cylinder for finding the factors that causes hot spot phenomena. For comparing hot spot aspects with mode shapes of disk, mode shapes were measured by conducting modal test, and analyzed by using finite element analysis. Relation between hot spot phenomenon, and mode shape, pressure of master cylinder and rotation speed of disk respectively, was achieved by hot spot measurement and frequency analysis.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.258-263
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• 2013

The deformation behavior of NIMONIC 80A was studied in the high temperature range of $900{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ and for strain rates varying between 0.02 and $20s^{-1}$ via the hot compression test. Processing maps for hot working were constructed on the basis of the power dissipation efficiency using a dynamic material model. The results showed that the strength during hot compression increased with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. At low strains, the processing map of NIMONIC 80A did not reveal any instability domain regardless of the strain rate and temperature. However, at high strains, the processing map exhibited an instability domain at a low strain rate of $0.2s^{-1}$ and within a temperature range of $900{\sim}960^{\circ}C$. In the instability domain, the deformed microstructure exhibited shear bands and carbide precipitation while, in the safe domain, full recrystallization occurred.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.847-854
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• 2007

The battery electrode of a mobile phone is made of layered polymer coated on aluminum foils and the hot rolling process is applied to increase the density per volume of an electrode for a high capacity battery. The flatness of batteries surfaces should be less than $2{\mu}m$. To satisfy the required flatness, the deformation of roll surface due to bending and heating of the roll should be minimized. Complicated hot oil paths of $100^{\circ}C$ inside the roll are required for heating the polymer layers. FEA was used to calculate thermal deformations and temperatures distributions of the roller. Based on FEA, a modified surface curvature called a crown roll was suggested and this gave the area of 30% improved flatness compared with a flat roll. The flat roll satisfied the flatness of $2{\mu}m$ in the length of 340 mm and the crown roll resulted in the longer length of 460 mm. Experiments to measure the temperature distribution and thermal strain were performed and compared with FEA. There were only 6% difference between two results.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.210-216
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to characterize a thixoextruded 7075 Al wrought alloy bar in terms of its isotropic behavior through the optical microscope, mechanical test and electron back scattered diffraction. It is also discussed of the extrudability improvement for 7075 Al wrought alloy by thixoextrusion, with emphasis on controlling thixoextrusion parameters. Hot extrusion shows that the maximum extrusion pressure depends on their characteristics in terms of flow stress and hot workability. In the contrary, thixoextrusion demonstrates that the maximum extrusion pressure is almost uniform regardless of the experimental parameters, such as initial ram speed, die bearing length and thixoextrusion temperature. The hot extruded microstructures become elongated to extrusion direction, while the thixoextruded microstructures are isotropic and homogeneously distributed due to the existence of liquid phase between solid grains during the process. The grain refinement due to dynamic recrystallization during thixoextrusion has been also occurred. Subsequent recrystallization would lead to the strengthening of mechanical properties, as observed in the study. The important point is that the values of tensile, yield strength and elongation of the thixoextruded bar without plastic deformation are similar to those of the hot extruded bar with severe plastic deformation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.190-194
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• 2007

The forging process design and microstructure evolution for gas turbine disk of a Waspaloy is investigated in this study. Parameters related to deformation are die and preform geometry, and forging temperature of die and workpiece. Die and preform design are considered to reduce the forging load, and to avoid the forging defects. Blocker and finisher dies for multistage forging are designed and the initial billet geometry is determined. The control of hot forging parameters such as strain, strain rate and temperature also is important because the microstructure change in hot working affects the mechanical properties. The dynamic recrystallization evolution has been studied in the temperature range 900-$1200^{\circ}C$ and strain rate range 0.01-1.0s-1 using hot compression tests. Modeling equations are required represent the flow curve, recrystallized grain size, recrystallized volume fraction by various tests. In this study, we used to thermo-viscoplastic finite element modeling equation of DEFORM-2D to predict the microstructure change evolution during thermo-mechanical processing. The microstructure is updated during the entire thermal and deformation processes in forging.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

This study has been investigated the deformation behavior of a hot-extruded Mg-Zn-RE (RE: rare earth elements) alloy containing $Mg_{12}$(RE) particles at the elevated temperatures. The particles are intrinsically produced by breaking the eutectic structure of the alloy during the hot-extrusion process. The grain size of the extruded Mg-Zn-RE alloy developed via dynamic recrystallization is around $10{\mu}m$. Under the heat treatment at 200o C up to 48 hr, no change has been observed on the microstructure and mechanical properties due to the pinning effect of the thermally stable particles. Under the tensile test condition in the initial strain-rate range of $1\times10^{-3}s^{-1}$ and the temperature range up to $200^{\circ}C$, the alloy shows yield strength of 270 MPa and elongation to failure around 9% at room temperature and yield strength of 135 MPa at $200^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, although the alloy contains large amount of the second phase particles around 15%, it shows excellent hot-workability possibly due to the presence of the thermally stable interface between the particles and the matrix.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1193-1201
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• 1993

A new deformation resistance model for hot steel strip rolling process was formulated to improve the accuracy of roll force estimation. To improve the existing deformation resistance model more precisely, a modification function was introduced in this study. For the modification function, several factors considering material and operational conditions have been investigated and the optimal modification function was determined under the principle of minimum variability. The newly formulated modification function was applied to the deformation resistance model for ultra-low carbon steel and showed improved accuracy with about 30% decrease in terms of standard deviation of predicted roll force values against measured ones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.69-72
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• 2002

The high temperature deformation behavior of SiCp/2124Al composite and 2124Al alloy was investigated by hot compression test in a temperature ranged $400~475^{\circ}C$ over a strain rate ranged $10^{-3}~1s^{-1}$. The billets of 2124Al alloy and SiCp/2124Al composite were fabricated by vacuum hot pressing process. The stress-strain curve during high temperature deformation exhibited a peak stress, and then the flow stress decreased gradually into a steady state stress with increasing the strain. It was found that the flow-softening behavior was attributed to the dynamic recovery, local dynamic recrystallization and dynamic precipitation during the deformation. The precipitation phases were identified as S' and S by TEM diffraction pattern. Base on the TEM inspection, the relationship between the Z-H parameter and subgrain size was found based on the experiment data. The dependence of flow stress on temperature and strain rate could be formulated well by a hyperbolic-sinusoidal relationship using the Zener-Hollomon parameter.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2003

As a research for developing fine-grained high strength low carbon steels, the effects of austenitization temperature and hot deformation on microstructure was investigated in 0.15 wt.% carbon steels with microalloying elements such as Nb and Ti. When the steels were reheated at $1250^{\circ}C$, Nb containing steel showed very coarse austenite grain size of $200{\mu}m$ whereas Nb-Ti steel did fine one of $70{\mu}m$ because Ti carbonitrides could suppress the austenite grain growth. In case of 50% reduction at $850^{\circ}C$, the austenite grains in the Nb steel partially recrystallized while those in the Nb-Ti steel fully recrystallized probably due to finer prior austenite grains.For the Nb-Ti steel, ferrite grain size was not sensitively changed with austenitization temperature and compression strain and, severe deformation of 80% reduction was not essentially necessary to refine ferrite grains to about $3{\mu}m$ which could be obtained through lighter deformation of 40% reduction.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.57-60
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• 2020

Titanium aluminides have attracted special interest as light-weight/high-temperature materials for structural applications. The major problem limiting practical use of these compounds is their poor ductility and formability. The powder metallurgy processing route has been an attractive alternative for such materials. A mixture of Ti and Al elemental powders was fabricated to a mechanical alloying process. The processed powder was hot pressed in a vacuum, and a fully densified compact with ultra-fine grain structure consisting of Ti₃Al intermetallic compound was obtained. During the compressive deformation of the compact at 1173 K, typical dynamic recrystallization (DR), which introduces a certain extent of grain refinement, was observed. The compact had high density and consisted of an ultra-fine equiaxial grain structure. Average grain diameter was 1.5 ㎛. Typical TEM micrographs depicting the internal structure of the specimen deformed to 0.09 true strain are provided, in which it can be seen that many small recrystallized grains having no apparent dislocation structure are generated at grain boundaries where well-developed dislocations with high density are observed in the neighboring grains. The compact showed a large m-value such as 0.44 at 1173 K. Moreover, the grain structure remained equiaxed during deformation at this temperature. Therefore, the compressive deformation of the compact was presumed to progress by superplastic flow, primarily controlled by DR.