• 제목/요약/키워드: host fungi

검색결과 252건 처리시간 0.026초

한국산 균식성 미기록종, 갈색가시거저리의 분류학적 검토와 숙주버섯 (First Record of the Fungivorous Tenebrionid, Bolitotrogus kurosonis Miyatake (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), from Korea with a New Host Fungus)

  • 정부희;이종욱
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.279-282
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    • 2011
  • 버섯에서 서식하는 거저리류 가운데 갈색가시거저리(Bolitotrogus kurosonis Miyatake)를 국내에서 처음 보고한다. 갈색가시거저리는 균식성으로 활엽수림에 나는 민주름버섯류, 특히 시루뻔버섯속(Inonotus)의 황갈색시루뻔버섯[Inonotus mikadoi (Lloyd) Imaz.]에서 서식하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 본 종의 성충에 대한 기재문을 기술하였고, 본 종의 상위 분류군인 한국산 가시거저리족(Bolitophagini)에 대한 검색표를 작성하였다. 성충의 사진, 진단 형질과 숙주버섯에 대한 생태적 정보를 제공하였다.

묘포장(苗圃場)에서 균근균(菌根菌)으로 인공접종(人工接種)한 5개(個) 소나무류(類)의 접종(接種) 10년후(年後) 조림지(造林地)에서의 생장효과(生長效果) (A Ten-Year Result of Artificial Inoculation of Pines with Ectomycorrhizal Fungi, Pisolithus tinctorius and Thelephora terrestris)

  • 이경준
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제81권2호
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    • pp.156-163
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    • 1992
  • 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 묘포장(苗圃長)에서 균근균(菌根菌)으로 인공접종(人工接種)한 소나무류(類)의 수고생장(樹高生長) 촉진효과(促進效果)가 조림지(造林地)에서 계속하여 지속(持續)되는지를 구명(究明)하기 위한 것이다. Methyl bromide로 토양훈중(土壤熏蒸)한 다음, 모래밭버섯 (Pisolithus tinctonris)과 사마귀버섯 (Thelephora terrestris) 균근균(菌根菌)으로 인공접종(人工接種)하여 양묘(養苗)한 적송, 리기다, 리기테다, 해송, 잣나무 유묘(幼苗)를 조림지(造林地)에 이식(移植)하여, 접종후(接種後) 10년(年) 동안의 균근균(菌根菌)의 접종효과(接種效果)의 변화(變化)를 분석(分析)하였다. 조림직전(造林直前)까지 포지(圃地)에서 생장(生長)한 소나무류(類) 유묘(幼苗)를 대상(對象)으로 수고생장량(樹高生長量)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 모래밭버섯 균근균(菌根菌)을 접종(接種)한 처리구(處理區)가 대조구(對照區)에 비하여 적송의 경우에는 75%, 해송은 46%, 리기테다소나무는 77%, 잣나무는 28%, 리기다소나무는 26% 정도 더 수고생장량(樹高生長量)이 높게 나타났으나, 사마귀버섯 균근균(菌根菌)을 인공접종(人工接種)한 처리구(處理區)는 리기테다에서만 대조구(對照區)와 비교(比較)했을 때 유의적(有意的)인 수고생장(樹高生長) 촉진효과(促進效果)가 인정(認定)되었다. 접종(接種) 10년후(年後) 잣나무와 리기테다소나무의 경우에는 모래밭버섯 균근균(菌根菌)의 접종(接種)으로 수고(樹高)가 각각 9%와 18%의 생장촉진(生長促進)을 나타냈으나, 조림당시(造林當時)에 비하여 감소(減少)한 셈이다. 리기다소나무는 조림(造林) 3년후(年後)부터 점차 다른 처리구(處理區)의 수고생장량(樹高生長量)이 증가(增加)하여 4년(年)째부터는 처리간(處理間)에 유의적(有意的)인 차이(差異)가 나타나지 않았다. 적송과 해송은 솔잎혹파리 피해(被害)로 인하여 결과(結果)를 분석(分析)할 수 없었다. 모래밭버섯 균근균(菌根菌)의 접종(接種)은 양묘시(養苗時)에 세근(細根)발달이 우수(優秀)한 건전묘생산(健全苗生産)에 효과(效果)가 인정되나, 균근(菌根)의 접종효과(接種效果)를 조림지(造林地)에서 계속(繼續)하여 유지(維持)하기 위하여는 용기(容器)에 양묘(養苗)하여, 뿌리가 손상(揚傷)되지 않는 상태(狀態)로 조림(造林)아여야 할 것이며, 조림지(造林地)에서도 계속적응(繼續適應)할 수 있는 새로운 균종(菌種)의 개발(開發)이 필요(必要)하다고 결론(結論)짓는다.

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Morphological and Genetic Characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolated from Newly Emerging Static-Symptom Anthracnose in Apple

  • Jeon, Yongho;Cheon, Wonsu
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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    • pp.34-34
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    • 2014
  • Filamentous fungi of the genus Colletotrichum (teleomorph, Glomerella) are considered major plant pathogens worldwide. Cereals, legumes, vegetables, and fruit trees may be seriously affected by this pathogen (1). Colletotrichum species cause typical disease symptoms known as anthracnoses, characterized by sunken necrotic tissue, where orange conidial masses are produced. Anthracnose appears in both developing and mature plant tissues (2). We investigated disease occurrence in apple orchards from 2013 to 2014 in northern Gyeongbuk province, Korea. Typical anthracnose with advanced symptoms was observed in all apple orchards studied. Of late, static fruit spot symptoms are being observed in apple orchards. A small lesion, which does not expand further and remains static until the harvesting season, is observed at the beginning of fruit growth period. In our study, static symptoms, together with the typical symptoms, were observed on apples. The isolated fungus was tested for pathogenicity on cv. 'Fuji apple' (fully ripe fruits, unripe fruits, and cross-section of fruits) by inoculating the fruits with a conidial suspension ($10^5$ conidia/ml). In apple inoculated with typical anthracnose fungus, the anthracnose symptoms progressed, and dark lesions with salmon-colored masses of conidia were observed on fruit, which were also soft and sunken. However, in apple inoculated with fungi causing static symptoms, the size of the spots did not increase. Interestingly, the shape and size of the conidia and the shape of the appressoria of both types of fungi were found to be similar. The conidia of the two types of fungi were straight and cylindrical, with an obtuse apex. The culture and morphological characteristics of the conidia were similar to those of C. gloeosporioides (5). The conidia of C. gloeosporioides germinate and form appressoria in response to chemical signals such as host surface wax and the fruitripening hormone ethylene (3). In this study, the spores started to germinate 4 h after incubation with an ethephon suspension. Then, the germ tubes began to swell, and subsequently, differentiation into appressoria with dark thick walls was completed by 8 h. In advanced symptoms, fungal spores of virtually all the appressoria formed primary hyphae within 16 h. However, in the static-symptom fungus spores, no primary hyphae formed by 16 h. The two types of isolates exhibited different growth rates on medium containing apple pectin, Na polypectate, or glucose as the sole carbon. Static-symptom fungi had a >10% reduction in growth (apple pectin, 14.9%; Na polypectate, 27.7%; glucose, 10.4%). The fungal isolates were also genetically characterized by sequencing. ITS regions of rDNA, chitin synthase 1 (CHS1), actin (ACT), and ${\beta}$-tubulin (${\beta}t$) were amplified from isolates using primer pairs ITS 1 and ITS 4 (4), CHS-79F and CHS-354R, ACT-512F and ACT-783R, and T1 and ${\beta}t2$ (5), respectively. The resulting sequences showed 100% identity with sequences of C. gloeosporioides at KC493156, and the sequence of the ${\beta}$t gene showed 100% identity with C. gloeosporioides at JX009557.1. Therefore, sequence data from the four loci studied proves that the isolated pathogen is C. gloeosporioides. We also performed random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR, which showed clearly differentiated subgroups of C. gloeosporioides genotypes. The clustering of these groups was highly related to the symptom types of the individual strains.

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Genome-Wide Analysis of Hypoxia-Responsive Genes in the Rice Blast Fungus

  • Choi, Jaehyuk;Chung, Hyunjung;Lee, Gir-Won;Koh, Sun-Ki;Chae, Suhn-Kee;Lee, Yong-Hwan
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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    • pp.13-13
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    • 2015
  • Rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most destructive pathogen of rice in the world. This fungus has a biotrophic phase early in infection and switches to a necrotrophic lifestyle after host cell death. During the biotrophic phase, the fungus competes with host for nutrients and oxygen. Continuous uptake of oxygen is essential for successful establishment of blast disease of this pathogen. Here, we report transcriptional responses of the fungus to oxygen limitation. Transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq identified 1,047 up-regulated genes in response to hypoxia. Those genes were involved in mycelial development, sterol biosynthesis, and metal ion transport based on hierarchical GO terms and well-conserved among three different fungal species. In addition, null mutants of three hypoxia-responsive genes were generated and tested for their roles on fungal development and pathogenicity. The mutants for a sterol regulatory element-binding protein gene, MoSRE1, and C4 methyl sterol oxidase gene, ERG25, exhibited increased sensitivity to hypoxia-mimetic agent, increased conidiation, and delayed invasive growth within host cells, suggesting important roles in fungal development. However, such defects did not cause any significant decrease in disease severity. The other null mutant for alcohol dehydrogenase gene, MoADH1, showed no defect in the hypoxia-mimic condition and fungal development. Taken together, this comprehensive transcriptional profiling in response to a hypoxia condition with experimental validations would provide new insights on fungal development and pathogenicity in plant pathogenic fungi.

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Molecular characterization and functionality of rumen-derived extracellular vesicles using a Caenorhabditis elegans animal model

  • Hyejin Choi;Daye Mun;Sangdon Ryu;Min-jin Kwak;Bum-Keun Kim;Dong-Jun Park;Sangnam Oh;Younghoon Kim
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제65권3호
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    • pp.652-663
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    • 2023
  • The rumen fluids contain a wide range of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The various ruminal microorganisms in the rumen provide nutrients by fermenting the forage they eat. During metabolic processes, microorganisms present in the rumen release diverse vesicles during the fermentation process. Therefore, in this study, we confirmed the function of rumen extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their interaction with the host. We confirmed the structure of the rumen EVs by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the size of the particles using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Rumen EVs range in size from 100 nm to 400 nm and are composed of microvesicles, microparticles, and ectosomes. Using the Caenorhabditis elegans smart animal model, we verified the interaction between the host and rumen EVs. Exposure of C. elegans to rumen EVs did not significantly enhance longevity, whereas exposure to the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus significantly increased lifespan. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed gene expression alterations in C. elegans exposed to rumen EVs, with significant changes in the metabolic pathway, fatty acid degradation, and biosynthesis of cofactors. Our study describes the effect of rumen EV interactions with the host and provides novel insights for discovering biotherapeutic agents in the animal industry.

Biological Control of Powdery Mildew by a Hyperparasite, Ampelomyces quisqualis 94103: From isolation to a commercial biofungicide product.

  • Lee, Sang-Yeob;Lee, Sang-Bum;Kim, Choong-Heo
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.30-31
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    • 2003
  • Total 291 isolates of Ampelomyces quisqualis were obtained from 32 species of powdery mildew fungi and a selected isolate, Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013 (AQ94013) effectively hyperparasitized 6 species of Sphaerotheca and one species of Erysiphe which cause serious damage on many important crops in Korea. Moreover, AQ94013 showed antagonistic effects against 12 major fungal plant pathogens as well. Results indicated that the present isolate is not a host specific hyperparasite and has a broad spectrum of biocontrol potential. Providentially, AQ94013 revealed resistance to a number of agrochemicals so as to be applied with the chemicals reciprocally.(중략)

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IL-33 Priming Enhances Peritoneal Macrophage Activity in Response to Candida albicans

  • Tran, Vuvi G.;Cho, Hong R.;Kwon, Byungsuk
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.201-206
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    • 2014
  • IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family and plays a role in the host defense against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In this study, we investigated the function of IL-33 and its receptor in in vitro macrophage responses to Candida albicans. Our results demonstrate that pre-sensitization of isolated peritoneal macrophages with IL-33 enhanced their pro-inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytic activity in response to C. albicans. These macrophage activities were entirely dependent on the ST2-MyD88 signaling pathway. In addition, pre-sensitization with IL-33 also increased ROS production and the subsequent killing ability of macrophages following C. albicans challenge. These results indicate that IL-33 may increase anti-fungal activity against Candida through macrophage-mediated resistance mechanisms.

Baeuveria sp. C208의 대량 배양을 위한 생산배지의 최적화

  • 문기혁;김병혁;윤정원;성재모;김승욱
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.606-611
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    • 1997
  • Entomogenous fungi which attack living insects are powerful means for microbiological insecticide. The purpose of this study is to establish the culture conditions and media for mass production of Beauveria sp. C208 which has a broad host range as a potential microbiological pesticide. The temperature and pH range for optimal cultivation of this strain were 28$circ$C and pH 5.0-7.0. For Beauveria sp. C 208, 2% rice straw and 0.6% tryptone were found as the proper carbon and nitrogen sources, considering cell mass, enzyme activities such as chitinase, protease and lipase, and spore concentration.

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Endophytic fungi harbored in Chinese native gramineous plants

  • Wang, Zhiwei;Ji, Yanling
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국균학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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    • pp.44-56
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    • 2009
  • $Epichlo\ddot{e}$ endophytes, including Neotyphodium spp. and $Epichlo\ddot{e}$ spp., enhance plant growth, mediate more plant tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and also synthesis various biologically active compounds in their host plants, and important in many areas. In early stages, most of $epichlo\ddot{e}$ endophytes were described during surveys practiced by American, European and Oceania scientists, while fungal endophytes within native Asian plants were poorly investigated. In recent years, an $Epichlo\ddot{e}$ sp. and 4 Neotyphodium spp. were described in cool season Chinese native gramineous plants. Most of Chinese native Neotyphodium spp. were presumed as hybrids originated from members of ETC and EBY. Investigation on NRPS genes shows lack of toxic ergopeptines and potential production of peramine. Biological and ecological roles of Chinese native $epichlo\ddot{e}$ endophytes should be investigated in future, and it will be very valuable if we can have some joint projects with Korean scientists for Asian native $epichlo\ddot{e}$ endophytes.

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방선균 B25 균주가 생산하는 항생물질 ASA의 물리.화학적 특성 및 항바이러스 활성 (Physico-chemical Characteristics and Antiviral Activity of ASA, an Antibiotic Produced by Actinomycetes B25)

  • 여운형;김영호;박은경;김상석
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.63-68
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    • 1997
  • In the screening of antiviral materials produced by actinomycetes, an isolate named B25 was fond to produce an antibiotic substance ASA, which showed a strong inhibitory activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. ASA was purified from culture broth of B25 by silica gel column chromatography, preparative TLC, and reversed phase HPLC. Also MS, IR, UV spectrum, and melting point of ASA were determined and analysed. ASA was white powder soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, having absorption peaks at 223 and 328 nm in UV-VIS spectrum, and had a molecular weight of 548. ASA showed strong inhibitory effect on TMV infection when it was applied as a mixture of TMV to the upper surface of leaves of a local lesion host (Nicotiana tabacum c. Xanthi-nc). It also showed antimicrobial effect against yeast and some phytopathogenic fungi.

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