• 제목/요약/키워드: host factors

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중소 서비스기업의 해외시장진출 결정요인에 관한 실증분석 : 대구.경북지역 미용서비스업 중심으로 (An Empirical Analysis on the Determinants of Entry into Foreign Markets of Small- and Medium- sized Service Firms : Focused on Korean Beauty Industry)

  • 홍성헌
    • 통상정보연구
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.149-172
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    • 2009
  • Service industries nowadays have become the subject of a scientific research. However, unlike research on manufacturing, there has not yet been a broader presentation of important aspects theoretically and methodologically. The importance of service sector in both national and global economies has grown significantly. An active participation of service industries in the internationalization process, notably by licensing and FDI, has occurred over time. But a few sub-sectors still dominate on this process, for example, financial institutions such as banks, securities, and insurance as well as producer services in advertising and accounting. On the other hand, personal services that are owned by small- and medium- sized firm have limited capabilities in their transnational transfer. This paper attempts to examine various factors influencing decisions for these small- and medium- sized Korean beauty firms in entering to the foreign markets. Determining factors for these firms in the engagement of internationalization depends largely on competitive advantages in both domestic and host countries, and they may be different from those in the sub-sectors mentioned above. Based on previous researches, i identified three categories of independent variables(characteristics of firms, managers, and competition) that can influence decisions to enter to the foreign markets. Seven hypotheses have been tested by using a sample of beauty firms in Daegu city and Kyungbuk province. The results show that the intention of these firms to enter to the foreign markets is significantly influenced by the factors of the innovative character of CEO's, the competitiveness of firms, and size of firms.

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in miR-149 (rs2292832) and miR-101-1 (rs7536540) Are Not Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Thai Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection

  • Pratedrat, Pornpitra;Sopipong, Watanyoo;Makkoch, Jarika;Praianantathavorn, Kesmanee;Chuaypen, Natthaya;Tangkijvanich, Pisit;Payungporn, Sunchai
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권15호
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    • pp.6457-6461
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    • 2015
  • MicroRNAs directly and indirectly influence many biological processes such as apoptosis, cell maintenance, and immune responses, impacting on tumor genesis and metastasis. They modulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and are associated with progression of liver disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a cancer which mostly occurs in males. There are many factors affect HCC development, for example, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), co-infection, environmental factors including alcohol, aflatoxin consumption and host-related factors such as age, gender immune response, microRNA and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus is the major factor leading to HCC progression since it causes the liver injury. At present, there are many reports regarding the association of SNPs on miRNAs and the HCC progression. In this research, we investigated the role of miR-149 (rs2292832) and miR-101-1 (rs7536540) with HCC progression in Thai population. The study included 289 Thai subjects including 104 HCC patients, 90 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and 95 healthy control subjects. The allele and genotype of rs2292832 and rs7536540 polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Our results revealed no significant association between miR-149 (rs2292832) and miR-101-1 (rs7536540) and the risk of HCC in our Thai population. However, this research is the first study of miR-149 (rs2292832) and miR-101-1 (rs7536540) in HCC in Thai populations and the results need to be confirmed with a larger population.

A Predictive Model for Evaluating Responsiveness to Pemetrexed Treatment in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer

  • Wu, Xue-Yan;Huang, Xin-En;Cao, Jie;Shi, Lin;Xu, Xia;Qian, Zhi-Ying
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권14호
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    • pp.5941-5944
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: To highlight the potential factors that could predict the response rate of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated with pemetrexed combined chemotherapy after first- or second-line chemotherapy using the FOLFOX regimen. Materials and Methods: Between January 2007 and July 2014, 54 patients diagnosed and pathologically-confirmed with advanced colorectal cancer in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, were enrolled. They received pemetrexed at a dose of $500mg/m^2$ by 10 minute infusion on day 1, repeated every 3 weeks. Doses were modified depending on nadir counts of blood cells. Combined chemotherapeutic agents included irinotecan, lobaplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, gemcitabine, cis-platinum or bevacizumab. Multiple variables (age, sex, hemoglobin, platinum drugs combined, metastasis sites, LDH, ALP, CEA>40 ug/ml) reported earlier were selected. We used logistic regression analysis to evaluate relationships between these and tumor response. Results: On multivariable analysis, we found that age was significant in predicting the responsiveness to pemetrexed (p<0.05) combined with oxaliplatin. We did not find any other factors which were significantly associated with the response rate to chemotherapy with pemetrexed and irinotecan. Conclusions: By multivariate analysis, we found that age had significant impact on the responsiveness of pemetrexed when combined with oxaliplatin. Additional research based on genomic properties of host and tumors are needed to clarify markers for better selection of patients who could benefit from pemetrexed combined chemotherapy.

Sequence Analysis of Hypothetical Proteins from Helicobacter pylori 26695 to Identify Potential Virulence Factors

  • Naqvi, Ahmad Abu Turab;Anjum, Farah;Khan, Faez Iqbal;Islam, Asimul;Ahmad, Faizan;Hassan, Md. Imtaiyaz
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.125-135
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    • 2016
  • Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacteria that is responsible for gastritis in human. Its spiral flagellated body helps in locomotion and colonization in the host environment. It is capable of living in the highly acidic environment of the stomach with the help of acid adaptive genes. The genome of H. pylori 26695 strain contains 1,555 coding genes that encode 1,445 proteins. Out of these, 340 proteins are characterized as hypothetical proteins (HP). This study involves extensive analysis of the HPs using an established pipeline which comprises various bioinformatics tools and databases to find out probable functions of the HPs and identification of virulence factors. After extensive analysis of all the 340 HPs, we found that 104 HPs are showing characteristic similarities with the proteins with known functions. Thus, on the basis of such similarities, we assigned probable functions to 104 HPs with high confidence and precision. All the predicted HPs contain representative members of diverse functional classes of proteins such as enzymes, transporters, binding proteins, regulatory proteins, proteins involved in cellular processes and other proteins with miscellaneous functions. Therefore, we classified 104 HPs into aforementioned functional groups. During the virulence factors analysis of the HPs, we found 11 HPs are showing significant virulence. The identification of virulence proteins with the help their predicted functions may pave the way for drug target estimation and development of effective drug to counter the activity of that protein.

Inhibition of COX-2 Impairs Colon Cancer Liver Metastasis through Reduced Stromal Cell Reaction

  • Herrero, Alba;Benedicto, Aitor;Romayor, Irene;Olaso, Elvira;Arteta, Beatriz
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.342-351
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    • 2021
  • Liver colonization is initiated through the interplay between tumor cells and adhesion molecules present in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). This crosstalk stimulates tumor COX-2 upregulation and PGE2 secretion. To elucidate the role of the LSEC intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the prometastatic response exerted by tumor and stromal COX-2, we utilized celecoxib (CLX) as a COX-2 inhibitory agent. We analyzed the in vitro proliferative and secretory responses of murine C26 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), cultured alone or with LSECs, and their effect on LSEC and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) migration and in vivo liver metastasis. CLX reduced sICAM-1-stimulated COX-2 activation and PGE2 secretion in C26 cells cultured alone or cocultured with LSECs. Moreover, CLX abrogated sICAM-1-induced C26 cell proliferation and C26 secretion of promigratory factors for LSECs and HSCs. Interestingly, CLX reduced the protumoral response of HSC, reducing their migratory potential when stimulated with C26 secretomes and impairing their secretion of chemotactic factors for LSECs and C26 cells and proliferative factors for C26 cells. In vivo, CLX abrogated the prometastatic ability of sICAM-1-activated C26 cells while reducing liver metastasis. COX-2 inhibition blocked the creation of a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME) by hindering the intratumoral recruitment of activated HSCs and macrophages in addition to the accumulation of fibrillar collagen. These results point to COX-2 being a key modulator of processes initiated by host ICAM-1 during tumor cell/LSEC/HSC crosstalk, leading to the creation of a prometastatic TME in the liver.

Pathogenesis and Prevention of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants

  • Pei-Chen Tsao
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제66권3호
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    • pp.228-238
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    • 2023
  • Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a serious concern for preterm infants and can predispose such infants to brain injury and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. IVH is particularly common in preterm infants. Although advances in obstetric management and neonatal care have led to a lower mortality rate for preterm infants with IVH, the IVH-related morbidity rate in this population remains high. Therefore, the present review investigated the pathophysiology of IVH and the evidence related to interventions for prevention. The analysis of the pathophysiology of IVH was conducted with a focus on the factors associated with cerebral hemodynamics, vulnerabilities in the structure of cerebral vessels, and host or genetic predisposing factors. The findings presented in the literature indicate that fluctuations in cerebral blood flow, the presence of hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus, arterial carbon dioxide tension, and impaired cerebral venous drainage; a vulnerable or fragile capillary network; and a genetic variant associated with a mechanism underlying IVH development may lead to preterm infants developing IVH. Therefore, strategies focused on antenatal management, such as routine corticosteroid administration and magnesium sulfate use; perinatal management, such as maternal transfer to a specialized center; and postnatal management, including pharmacological agent administration and circulatory management involving prevention of extreme blood pressure, hemodynamic significant patent ductus arteriosus management, and optimization of cardiac function, can lower the likelihood of IVH development in preterm infants. Incorporating neuroprotective care bundles into routine care for such infants may also reduce the likelihood of IVH development. The findings regarding the pathogenesis of IVH further indicate that cerebrovascular status and systemic hemodynamic changes must be analyzed and monitored in preterm infants and that individualized management strategies must be developed with consideration of the risk factors for and physiological status of each preterm infant.

국제프랜차이징 연구요소 및 연구방향 (Research Framework for International Franchising)

  • 김주영;임영균;심재덕
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.61-118
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 국내외 프랜차이즈의 해외진출에 대한 연구들을 바탕으로 국제프랜차이징연구의 전체적인 연구체계를 세워보고, 연구체계를 형성하고 있는 연구요인들을 확인하여 각 연구요소별로 이루어지는 연구주제와 내용을 살펴보고, 앞으로의 연구주제들을 제안하고자 한다. 주요한 연구요소들은 국제프랜차이징의 동기 및 환경 요소과 진출의사결정, 국제프랜차이징의 진입양식 및 발전전략, 국제프랜차이징의 운영전략 및 국제프랜차이징의 성과이다. 이외에도 국제프랜차이징 연구에 적용할 수 있는 대리인이론, 자원기반이론, 거래비용이론, 조직학습이론 및 해외진출이론들을 설명하였다. 또한 국제프랜차이징연구에서 보다 중점적으로 개발해야 할 질적, 양적 방법론을 소개하였으며, 마지막으로 국내연구의 동향을 정리하여 추후의 연구방향을 종합적으로 정리하였다.

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한국 한의학교육의 발전방안 (Ways to Educational Improvement of Korean Oriental Medicine)

  • 이선동;한용주;신규원
    • 대한예방한의학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.99-113
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    • 2004
  • Problems and current situation of public health globally and domestically were analyzed in this study and based on these findings, ways to improve from western medicine and Oriental medicine can be deduced as follows: 1. Current problems of public health in Korea and the world 1) Increase of diseases resulted from daily habits and infectious diseases, many are at the brink of being ill. Quality of life from extended life span and unbalanced health care must be solved. 2) Natural and societal factors including host factors, public health service, and other external and internal factors play an important role in deciding healthy and being ill. 3) Some of the limits and problems of modem medicine include insufficient academic knowledge and incomplete theory, as well as misled approach to the treatment. Human itself isn't perfect organism and other realistic problems hinder one's well-being. 4) Regardless of western medicine or Oriental medicine, patients were approached as someone with diseases and disorders, and wholistic approach was disregarded. Lack of clinical training, absence of clear educational philosophy and goal are some of the reasons why the education isn't under concrete system 2. Important factors for the medical education and proper direction for the education of Oriental medicine 1) Important factors for medical education - Education should not be limited on the human health and illness, but also cover qualities such as well-being, social welfare, service, and happiness. Every aspects of human life must be considered and attended for more productive outcome. - Basic understanding of humanity must be included in the educational curriculum - Foundation of human diseases and pain are associated with inner life and surrounding causes including family, society, nature, race, culture, religion, politics, and etc., thus the education must be approached to recognize aforementioned criteria. 2) Proper direction for the education of Oriental medicine - Values of Oriental medicine for medical principles and importance of lifehood must be educated. - Educational goal, limits, and levels must be established for the school of Oriental medicine - Respect for life must be the top priorities of educational direction which should lead to solution based education for the human health. Latest medical theory and technology should be accommodated as well as prevention, treatment, and balancing of basic courses and clinical training for optimal education.

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한국 청소년의 학습동기에 영향을 미치는 사회문화적 요인 탐색 (Exploration of Socio-Cultural Factors Affecting Korean Adolescents' Motivation)

  • 봉미미;김혜연;신지연;이수현;이화숙
    • 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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    • 제14권1호_spc
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    • pp.319-348
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    • 2008
  • 학업성취와 관련된 청소년의 인지, 정서 및 행동 유형을 설명하는 대표적 학습동기 구인에는 자기효능감, 성취목표, 과제가치, 귀인 등이 있다. 이들 구인은 학습자의 연령, 성별, 소속국가 및 인종의 차이를 뛰어넘는 설명력과 예측력을 보임으로써 그 중요도와 일반성을 입증받고 있다. 한국 청소년의 학습동기 역시 이러한 일반적 양상과 큰 맥을 같이 한다. 그러나 이와 더불어 한국 고유의 사회, 문화, 심리적 환경에 의해 형성된 것으로 보이는 그들만의 독특한 학습동기 유형이 나타나기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 한국 청소년의 학습동기에 특히 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되는 사회문화적 요인에는 어떤 것들이 있는지를 선행연구를 중심으로 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 문화적 요인으로는 상호의존적 자아이해, 효의 전통윤리 및 가족주의, 그리고 배움에 대한 가치가 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회적 요인으로는 교육열과 학력주의, 그리고 제도적 요인으로는 대학입시제도의 역할에 대해 논의하였다. 나아가 이들 사회문화적 요인에 의해 형성되며, 학생들의 학습동기에 보다 직접적인 영향을 행사하는 것으로 판단되는 심리적 학습환경 요인으로서 부모-자녀 관계, 교사-학생 관계 및 교실목표구조에 관한 선행연구 결과를 주요 학습동기 구인과의 관계를 중심으로 분석하고 논의하였다.

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달걀버섯 발생지의 환경특성 분석 (Analysis of Environmental Characteristics in Habitat of Amanita hemibapha)

  • 서홍덕;허태철;정성철;주성현;박현
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.164-170
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    • 2011
  • 달걀버섯과 환경인자와의 관계를 구명하고자 광양, 청도, 대구 3곳에서 토양의 이화학적 특성, 식물상, 버섯상을 조사하여 비교 분석을 하였다. 달걀버섯 발생지의 토양은 모래의 비율이 높은 사질양토, 식양토로 나타났고, 토양 pH는 5.0전후로 나타나 달걀버섯이 호산성균임을 알 수 있었다. 토양유효인산은 우리나라의 산림토양보다 낮은 1.57~2.99 ppm으로 인산의 가용화가 이뤄지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 전 질소는 0.09~0.34%로 대구지역이 가장 낮게 나타났고, 탄질율 16.3~18.5로 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 양이온 치환용량은 광양과 청도지역이 유사한 수치를 나타냈으며 대구지역이 비교적 낮게 측정되었으며 11.62~19.36 $cmol^+$/kg의 범위를 나타냈고, 치환성양이온 중 $Ca^{2+}$는 광양과 청도지역이 비슷하며 대구지역보다 높게 나타났으며, $Mg^{2+}$는 비교적 높은 수치를 나타낸 대구, 청도, 광양 지역 순이며, $K^+$는 광양, 청도, 대구지역 순으로 크게 차이가 나지 않았다. $Na^+$ 역시 3곳 모두 비슷한 수치를 나타냈으며 그 중, 청도지역 수치가 가장 높았다. 범위는 $Ca^{2+}$ 1.21~2.3 $cmol^+$/kg, $Mg^{2+}$ 0.35~0.89 $cmol^+$/kg, $K^+$ 0.24~0.29 $cmol^+$/kg, $Na^+$ 0.18~0.21 $cmol^+$/kg로 나타났다. 이러한 영양물질과 탄수화물은 균근성 버섯이 식물과 직접적인 관계를 맺고 있으므로 식물, 토양, 균근의 여러 조건에 따라 그 수치가 유동적인 것을 알 수 있었다. 조사지역의 주요 식물로는 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 서어나무, 소나무 등이 나타났으며, 발생지 3곳 공통으로 참나무류가 관찰되었다. 조사지역의 버섯은 광양 8과 12종, 청도 8과 12종, 대구 조사지역에서 5과 10종이 발견되었으며, 달걀버섯과 같은 균근성 버섯으로는 마귀광대버섯, 그물버섯, 쓴맛그물버섯 등이 발견되었다. 식물상과 버섯상을 토대로 달걀버섯과의 상응분석 결과, 달걀버섯의 기주식물로는 활엽수인 신갈나무, 졸참나무, 서어나무, 굴참나무 등으로 추정할 수 있으며, 균근성 버섯인 청머루무당버섯, 마귀광대버섯, 뱀껍질광대버섯, 수원무당버섯과 유사한 기주식물을 가지는 것으로 추정된다.