• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.490-497
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on pain of distraction with an operating doll in preschool children(3-6 years old) during an IV catheter insertion. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group posttest design, and the participants were 22 children in the experimental group, and 23 children in the control group. The children were hospitalized for enteritis and pharyngitis in a university hospital. The subjective pain was measured using FACES Pain Rating Scale by self report, and the pain behavior responses were scored using Procedure Behavior Check List by observing a film of the entire procedure, and changes in pulse and oxygen saturation as the physiological pain responses were measured by pulse oximeter. Data were analyzed with the SPSS Win 10.0 program. Result: The degree of subjective pain, pain behavior responses, and changes in pulse during IV catheter insertion were significantly lower in the experimental group. But there was no significant difference in $O_2$ saturation between the two groups. Conclusion: Distraction using an operating doll was effective in decreasing pain during inserting the IV catheter in preschool children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to explore disease factors in children with epilepsy, parental factors and resource factors that are related to parenting stress and identify effects of each factor on parenting stress. Methods: Participants were 131 parents who had children who visited a hospital or were hospitalized due to epilepsy. Data collection was done between September 17 and November 17, 2012, and self-report surveys were used. Results: In Stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors influencing parenting stress in children with epilepsy were marital communication, educational background of parents, parenting efficacy, children's development delay, drug treatment and surgical treatment as a method of epilepsy treatment. These factors explained 34.6% (F=13.22, p<.001) of the variance in parenting stress. Conclusion: The findings indicate that parental factors (educational background of parents and parenting efficacy) and resource factors (marital communication) have higher explanatory power than disease factors of the children. Thus, it is importance to assess the capacity of parents through self-evaluation, and to assess barriers to marital communication when developing parenting stress intervention programs. Furthermore, both parents should be involved in interventions for parenting stress.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2021

Purpose: Data on the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE) in infants is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring in infants who have experienced BRUE. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of infants who were hospitalized on account of BRUE and required 24-hour MII-pH monitoring. Results: Twenty-one infants (mean age, 4.7 months; range, 0.9-8.9 months; male/female, 11/10) participated in this study. BRUE symptoms associated with GER were found in 10 infants (47.6%). Based on the RI on pH-metry alone, only 7 (33.3%) infants were diagnosed with GERD. More than 100 GER episodes detected by MII were found in 10 (47.6%) infants. Nineteen percent of infants were diagnosed with GERD based on both pH and MII. Conclusion: Both acid and non-acid reflux seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of GER-related BRUE in infants.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.311-319
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• 2012

본 연구는 환아의 입원으로 인한 한국인 어머니와 다문화가정 어머니의 불안 정도를 파악하여 입원으로 인해 발생하는 불안을 감소시키고 환경에 적응하기 위한 프로그램을 개발하는데 기초 자료를 마련하고자 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 대전 소재의 K대학병원 소아과에 입원한 다문화가정 어머니, 한국인 어머니 각 100명 총 200명이며, 자료수집기간은 2010년 8월 1일부터 31일까지였다. 연구도구로는 Sielberger(1972)의 STAI를 한국인에 맞게 번역한 김정택 (1978)의 측정도구를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 12.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 한국인 어머니와 다문화가정 어머니의 상태불안 정도는 한국인 어머니의 경우 2.11,다문화 가정 어머니의 경우 2.17, 기질불안 정도는 한국인 어머니의 경우 2.09, 다문화 가정 어머니의 경우 1.94로 나타났다. 입원 환아 한국인 어머니와 다문화가정 어머니의 불안을 비교해 본 결과 상태불안과 기질불안 모두에서 집단간 차이가 확인되지 않았다. 불안상황에서 한국어머니와 다문화가정 어머니 둘 다 처치나 치료에 대한 설명이 없을 때 심한 불안을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 환아의 일반적 특성에 따른 어머니의 불안 정도는 한국인 어머니 환아의 경우 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 다문화가정 어머니 환아의 경우 성별, 입원횟수에 따른 기질불안이(P<.05) 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 환아 어머니의 일반적 특성에 따른 불안 정도는 한국인 어머니에서는 월평균수입 상태에 따른 상태불안이 유의한 차이를 보였으며(P<.05), 다문화가정 어머니에서는 검사방법을 인지하게 된 경로에서 기질불안이(P<.05) 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해서 환아 어머니의 인구사회학적 특성이 어떠하든지, 환아의 일반적 특성에 관계없이 자녀의 입원에 대해 대부분의 어머니의 경우에서 불안을 느낀다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 환아 어머니의 불안해소를 위한 간호가 적극적으로 계획되어 다양한 간호중재를 개발하여야 한다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.265-289
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• 1997

The purpose of this studied was to examine the reliability analysis of the GMFM in children with C.P. The subject of this study were 40 C. P patient who had been hospitalized Department of Sam-Yook Rehabilitation Hospital. Subjects were 28 boys and girls, aged 6 to 8 years. Reliability of each dimension of the GMFM were analyzed using Cronbach coefficients and to examine the intra-rater reliability were using Pearson correlation coefficients. The result of reliability analysis of the GMFM revealed higher reliability values. The reliability of the total dimension score was 95. Test-retest revealed intra-rater correlation coefficients from .71 to .98. The study presents that GMFM is useful in assessment of function of children with C. P by the quantitative description of the function.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an evidence-based nursing protocol for peripheral intravenous catheter management in hospitalized children. Methods: The preliminary protocol of this study was developed based on domestic and foreign guidelines, research, a survey and an analysis of medical records in a university hospital. It is a methodological research to develop evidence-based nursing protocol of peripheral intravenous catheter management verified by content validity by a group of specialists and users. Results: The specialists' verification of validity in the preparatory protocol had a CVI level of 0.94 and the propriety and conveniency of users had an average of $3.0{\pm}0.52$. The final evidence-based nursing protocol was composed of 5 areas (education, dressing and fixation, maintenance and replacement, observation and record, and coping to complication) with 46 specific recommendations. Conclusion: Based on domestic and foreign research and guidelines verified by specialists and users, the findings in this study provide a simple, applicable and evidence-based nursing protocol for peripheral intravenous catheter management in hospitalized children. By the clinical application of this protocol, nurse tasks in managing peripheral intravenous catheter can be performed with more scientific evidence and be standardized.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2018

Purpose: Treatment of chronic constipation and fecal impaction is usually outpatient and requires high or frequent doses of laxatives. However, there are children who fail outpatient treatments, sometimes repeatedly, and are ultimately hospitalized. We sought to compare the characteristics of the children who failed outpatient treatment and needed inpatient treatment vs those who achieved success with outpatient treatment, in an effort to identify attributes that might be associated with a higher likelihood towards hospitalization. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the medical records of all patients aged 0 to 21 years, with chronic functional constipation and fecal impaction seen in the pediatric gastroenterology clinic over a period of 2 years. Results: Total of 188 patients met inclusion criteria. While 69.2% were successfully treated outpatient (referred to as the outpatient group), 30.9% failed outpatient treatment and were hospitalized (referred to as the inpatient group). The characteristics of the inpatient group including age at onset of $3.6{\pm}3.6years$ (p=0.02); black ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] 4.31, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.04-9.09); p<0.001); prematurity (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.09-5.26; p=0.02]; developmental delay (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.12-4.33; p=0.02); overflow incontinence (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.12-4.53, p=0.02); picky eating habits (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.00-4.08; p=0.04); number of ROME III criteria met: median 4, interquartile range 3-5 (p=0.04) and $13{\pm}13.7$ constipation related prior encounters (p=0.001), were significantly different from the outpatient group. Conclusion: Identification of these characteristics may be helpful in anticipating challenges and potential barriers to effective outpatient treatment.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2021

본 연구는 환아 보호자를 대상으로 진단검사 전 처치로 실시하는 의식하 진정요법에 대한 인식도와 간호요구도, 간호만족도를 확인하고 변수들 간의 관계를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 D시에 있는 C대학병원 소아청소년과 병동에 입원하여 진단검사 전 처치로 의식하 진정요법을 받는 환아의 보호자 120명이다. 연구결과 대상자의 의식하 진정요법에 대한 인식도는 비교적 낮은 편이었고(2.49±0.83), 간호요구도(4.53±0.40)가 간호만족도(3.81±0.56)보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.001). 의식하 진정요법에 대한 인식도는 간호만족도와 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었고(r=.18, p=.048), 간호요구도와 간호만족도도 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다(r=.20, p=.033). 의식하 진정요법에 대한 대상자의 간호만족도를 높이기 위해서는 의식하 진정요법에 대한 인식 정도와 간호요구 영역들을 먼저 확인하여 대상자의 요구를 기반으로 하는 맞춤형 간호중재가 제공되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2021

Rotavirus A (RVA) is recognized as a major etiology responsible for the development of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The purpose of the present study was to perform the molecular characterization of RVA. A total of 323 stool specimens collected from hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Rai, Thailand, in 2016-2018 were identified for G- and P-genotypes through RT-PCR analysis. RVA was more prevalent in 2017-2018 (37.8%) than in 2016-2017 (23.2%). The seasonal peak of RVA occurred from March to April. G3P[8] was predominant in 2016-2017 (90.6%) and 2017-2018 (58.6%). Other genotypes including G1P[8], G8P[8], G9P[8], and mixed infections were also identified. G3P[8] strains clustered together in the same lineage with other novel human equine-like G3P[8] strains previously identified in multiple countries and presented a genotype 2 constellation (G3-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2). Several amino acid differences were observed in the antigenic epitopes of the VP7 and VP8* capsid proteins of the equine-like G3P[8] compared with those of the RVA vaccine strains. The homology modeling of the VP7 and VP8* capsid proteins of the equine-like G3P[8] strains evidently exhibited that these residue differences were present on the surface-exposed area of the capsid structure. The emergence of the equine-like G3P[8] strains in Thailand indicates the rapid spread of strains with human and animal gene segments. Continuous surveillance for RVA is essential to monitor genotypes and genetic diversity, which will provide useful information for selecting rotavirus strains to develop a safe and effective RVA vaccine that is efficacious against multiple genotypes and variants.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2022

Norovirus (NoV) is an important pathogen causing acute gastroenteritis worldwide. The purpose of the present study was the molecular characterization of NoV. A total of 408 stool specimens collected from hospitalized children associated with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Rai, Thailand, 2015-2017 were investigated for the presence of NoVs by RT-PCR. NoV GII was detected in 32 samples (7.8%). Five distinct genotypes were identified, including GII.4 (13/32, 40.6%), GII.3 (11/32, 34.3%), GII.17 (4/32, 12.5%), GII.2 (2/32, 6.3%), and GII.14 (2/32, 6.3%). NoV infection occurred mostly in young children under 3 years of age (31/32, 96.9%) and showed the main peak in summer months from March to April (18/32, 56.3%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all 13 GII.4 strains clustered with GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant. Representative GII.3 strains were analyzed as a recombinant GII.3P[12] strain. Several amino acid differences were found in the antigenic epitopes and antibody binding sites of the VP1 capsid of the GII.3P[12]. Homology modeling of the P domain of the GII.3P[12] strain demonstrated that 10/13 amino acid differences were predicted to be located on the surface-exposed area of the capsid structure. These amino acid changes might affect the infectivity and the antigenicity of the recombinant GII.3P[12]. The prevalence of GII.4 Sydney 2012 and recombinant GII.3P[12] strains indicates the genetic diversity of circulating NoVs in Thailand, emphazing the importance of continuous surveillance to mornitor newly emerging NoV strains in the future.