• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.392-402
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• 2021

Purpose: The present study assessed the role of an amino acid-based formula (AAF) in the growth of infants with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). Methods: Non-breastfed, term infants aged 0-6 months with symptoms suggestive of CMPA were recruited from 10 pediatric centers in China. After enrollment, infants were started on AAF for two weeks, followed by an open food challenge (OFC) with cow's milk-based formula (CMF). Infants with confirmed CMPA remained on AAF until 9 months of age, in conjunction with a cow's milk protein-free complementary diet. Body weight, length, and head circumference were measured at enrollment and 9 months of age. Measurements were converted to weight-for-age, length-for-age, and head circumference-for-age Z scores (WAZ, LAZ, HCAZ), based on the World Health Organization growth reference. Results: Of 254 infants (median age 16.1 weeks, 50.9% male), 218 (85.8%) were diagnosed with non-IgE-mediated CMPA, 33 (13.0%) tolerated CMF, and 3 (1.2%) did not complete the OFC. The mean WAZ decreased from 0.119 to -0.029 between birth and enrollment (p=0.067), with significant catch-up growth to 0.178 at 9 months of age (p=0.012) while being fed the AAF. There were no significant changes in LAZ (0.400 vs. 0.552; p=0.214) or HCAZ (-0.356 vs. -0.284; p=0.705) from the time of enrollment to age 9 months, suggesting normal linear and head growth velocity. Conclusion: The amino acid-based study formula, in conjunction with a cow's milk proteinfree complementary diet, supported normal growth till 9 months of age in a cohort of Chinese infants with challenge-confirmed non-IgE-mediated CMPA.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.688-696
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluid balance of the patients who were either on soft fluid diet or total parenteral nutrition. We studied 19 patients with neurologic disorders and 22 patients with oromaxillary surgery who were admitted to either D university hospital in Choognam or S general hospital in Seoul between May and November 1995. The mean age for the patients who had oromaxillary surgery was 24 years and their average hospital stay was 9 days. The mean age of the patients with neurologic disorders was 54 years and they were bedridden for average of 71 days. For the maxillary bone surgery patients we did not limit the range of their activities in the ward during data collection period. The patients with neurological disorders were bedridden and did not move around the ward. They were all either on soft fluid diet, or total parenteral nutrition. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) The difference of the triceps skinfold thickness between the baseline and the final measurement was 0.4cm for neurologic patient group and 0.5cm for oromaxillary surgery patient group. The difference was not statistically significant in each group. 2) In the oromaxillary surgery patient group, the daily intake of fluid in the form of pure water, other beverages, fluid diet as well as IV fluid was 4581m1 while urine output was 2979ml. The difference between fluid intake and output was statistically significant, indicating that fluid intake was far more than urine output. In neurologic patient group, the daily intake of fluid including water from fluid diet and IV fluid was 2701m1 whereas urine output was 2253m1 and they were statistically significant. 3) For a more accurate assessment we adjusted the fluid balance based on weight changes during data collection period. In the oromaxillary surgery patient group. the difference between fluid intake and output was 1238m1 after weight changes being adjusted. The difference was statistically significant, suggesting fluid overload in this patient group. In neurologic patient group, the difference between fluid intake and output considering weight changes was 124ml. The difference was not statistically significant, suggesting that the fluid intake and output was well balanced in this patient group.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2011

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of skipping breakfast on diet quality and metabolic disease risk factors in healthy Korean adults. Subjects included 415 employees (118 men, 297 women; 30-50 years old) of Jaesang Hospital in Korea and their acquaintances. Data collected from each subject included anthropometric measurements, 3-day dietary intake, blood pressure, and blood analyses. The subjects were classified into three groups based on the number of days they skipped breakfast: 'Regular breakfast eater', 'Often breakfast eater', or 'Rare breakfast eater'. Participants in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed less rice, potatoes, kimchi, vegetables, fish and shellfish, milk and dairy products, and sweets than did participants in the other two groups (P for trend <0.05) and ate more cookies, cakes, and meat for dinner (P for trend <0.05). Participants in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed less daily energy, fat, dietary fiber, calcium, and potassium than did participants in the other groups (P for trend <0.05). The percent energy from carbohydrates was lower and fat intake was higher in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group than in the other groups (P for trend <0.01). When diets were compared using the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Koreans, 59.1% of subjects in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group consumed more energy from fat compared with the other two groups (P <0.005). According to the Estimated Average Requirements for Koreans, intake of selected nutrients was lower in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group than in the other two groups (P <0.05). The risk of elevated serum triglycerides was decreased in the 'Rare breakfast eater' group (OR, 0.3 [0.1-1.0], P for trend=0.0232). We conclude that eating breakfast regularly enhances diet quality, but may increase the risk of elevated serum triglycerides.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.561-571
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• 2022

Background: Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is capable of regulating lipid and glucose metabolism through its action on adipocytes. However, the beneficial role of GRb1-induced up-regulation of adiponectin in liver steatosis remains unelucidated. Thus, we tested whether GRb1 ameliorates liver steatosis and insulin resistance by promoting the expression of adiponectin. Methods: 3T3-L1 adipocytes and hepatocytes were used to investigate GRb1's action on adiponectin expression and triglyceride (TG) accumulation. Wild type (WT) mice and adiponectin knockout (KO) mice fed high fat diet were treated with GRb1 for 2 weeks. Hepatic fat accumulation and function as well as insulin sensitivity was measured. The activation of AMPK was also detected in the liver and hepatocytes. Results: GRb1 reversed the reduction of adiponectin secretion in adipocytes. The conditioned medium (CM) from adipocytes treated with GRb1 reduced TG accumulation in hepatocytes, which was partly attenuated by the adiponectin antibody. In the KO mice, the GRb1-induced significant decrease of TG content, ALT and AST was blocked by the deletion of adiponectin. The elevations of GRb1-induced insulin sensitivity indicated by OGTT, ITT and HOMA-IR were also weakened in the KO mice. The CM treatment significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK in hepatocytes, but not GRb1 treatment. Likewise, the phosphorylation of AMPK in liver of the WT mice was increased by GRb1, but not in the KO mice. Conclusions: The up-regulation of adiponectin by GRb1 contributes to the amelioration of liver steatosis and insulin resistance, which further elucidates a new mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of GRb1 on obesity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.558-571
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to verify the difference in diet, digestion, sweat, feces and urination characteristics according to body shape characteristic. Methods : 1,302 participants were divided into 4 body types and were assessed through the questionnaire about Sasang constitution's ordinary symptoms such as diet, digestion, sweat, feces and urination characteristics. Results : Hyeong-keum type had active characteristics in the size of their meal and speed of taking meal. Hyeong-keum type got the most in the amount of sweating. And Yo-wi type reported the greatest urinary frequency. Conclusions : The difference of body type influences Sasang constitution's ordinary symptoms such as diet, sweat and urination. In digestion and feces, there was no statistical significance in the difference.

• 대한근전도전기진단의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.135-138
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• 2018

Peroneal neuropathy scarcely can develop after massive weight reduction. A 21-year-old man complained left foot drop after 28% weight reduction (from 94 kgs to 67.5 kgs). During previous seven months, he played PC games with sitting cross-legged more than seven hours a day. In addition, he started a heavily restricted diet three months ago. Except for those, he had neither any medical history nor trauma to his knee. Electrophysiologic study showed the partial conduction block of left peroneal neuropathy at the fibular head. Four-week well balanced diet and physical therapy improved his foot drop. For the prevention of peroneal neuropathy related to weight reduction, well balanced diet and lifestyle modification are needed.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of Bangkibokryeong-tang (BBT, Fangjifuling-tang) on blood glucose and body fat in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Methods The experimental animals were divided into five groups- normal diet-fed control (ND), high-fat diet-fed control (HFD), HFD+BBT 75, HFD+BBT 150, and HFD+olistat as a positive drug control group. Markers of obesity, such as body weight, organ weight, diet efficiency, and serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid content, leptin, adiponectin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)/glutamic pyruvic transferase (GPT)/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood glucose, and insulin, were measured. Furthermore, results of the oral glucose tolerance test and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition activity were examined in obese mice. Results Mice treated with BBT demonstrate lower body and organ weight, and reduced weight gain and food efficiency than that in the HFD-only control group. In addition, BBT decreased lipid accumulation in the liver and the levels of enzymes such as GOT, GPT, and LDH in the serum. Furthermore, the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and leptin were decreased in the serum but the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and adiponectin were increased in the BBT-treated group compared with the control group. The BBT-treated group also demonstrated decreased blood glucose and insulin concentrations induced by feeding on a high-fat diet and improved glucose tolerance. Conclusions Based on the results above, BBT may reduce body fat and hyperglycemia in HFD-induced obesity. This suggests that BBT may be clinically useful in the treatment of obesity.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.417-420
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• 2005

To investigate the anti-obesitic effect of FD extract which consisted of Mori radicis Cortex, Hoelen, Pueraria radix, Schizonepetae spica, Carthami Flos, Bupleuri radix and Saposhnikoviae radix in high-fat diet-fed female lean Zucker rats. Obesity was induced by feeding high-lipid diet contained $3\%$ corn oil and $1\%$ cholesterol for 8 weeks, in which FD extract was added to the diet for treatment group. The rats fed on the high fat diet showed increased gain of body weights, leading to enhanced feed efficiency ratio. Moreover high-fat diet induced hepatic lipid peroxidation and hyperlipemia. The body weight, food efficiency ratio and lipid peroxidation in the liver was decreased as compared with the rats fed on the high fat diet by FD extract. With all such changes, the blood biochemistry about lipid was, if anything, risen. These results suggest that FD extract was supposed to have effective ingredients for improving obesity for controlling adipose tissue.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.111-127
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• 2023

Objectives: Pre-pregnancy diet has an important role in preparing for healthy generation. However, evidence on this issue has been scarce. A scoping review synthesising current evidence will support the demand to map 'what has been researched' on pre-pregnancy diet and maternal and child health. Methods: Systematic search was performed using PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design) framework in electronic databases. Articles were screened for eligibility, summarized, and the quality was assessed using the National Institute of Health assessment tool. The review structure complies with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guide. Results: Forty-two articles were included after full-text screening. Twenty-five studies were in high-income countries (HICs), six in each upper-middle income, five in lower-middle income countries (LMICs), and one in low-income countries (LIC). Based on the regions: North America (n=16), Europe (n=5), South America (n=4), Australia (n=4), Asia (n=5), Middle East (n=2), and sub-Saharan Africa (n=1). The two-most observed diet-related exposures were dietary pattern (n=17) and dietary quality (n=12). The most assessed outcome was gestational diabetes mellitus (n=28) and fetal and newborn anthropometry (n=7). The average quality score±standard deviation was 70±18%. Conclusions: Research related to pre-pregnancy diet is still concentrated in HICs. The context of diet may vary; therefore, future research is encouraged in LMICs and LICs context, and Mediterranean, South-East Asia, Pacific, and African regions. Some maternal and child nutrition-related morbidity, such as anemia and micronutrient deficiencies, have not been discussed. Research on these aspects will benefit to fill in the gaps related to pre-pregnancy diet and maternal and child health.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2023

Purpose : The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee specifically noted that meal frequency is associated with risks for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality, although the current evidence on meal frequency is conflicting. As meal frequency itself is affected by various factors, the aim of the study was not only to examine its relationships with cardiometabolic risk but also to identify the mediating effects of dietary quality. Methods : This study used a descriptive correlational design. In all 8,141 healthy adults participated in the study. Measurements included meal frequency, cardiometabolic risk, and diet quality. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and process macro bootstrapping model 4. Results : The meal frequency was 3.52±0.61 times per day, the risk of cardiovascular metabolic diseases was 0.01±0.61 points, and the diet quality was 62.08±13.87 points. In mediation analysis, the effect of meal frequency on cardiometabolic risk score was completely mediated by diet quality. Conclusion : Improved diet quality in healthy adults should be considered when designing meal frequency interventions aimed at reducing their cardiometabolic risk, as the effect of meal frequency support on cardiometabolic risk was found to be mediated by diet quality.