• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2012

This study was aimed to investigate whether or not black soybean supplements affect levels of lipid profiles and female hormone (estradiol; E2, estrogen; Es) in 57 middle-aged women (in their 40s and 50s). All subjects were randomly assigned to the control or black soybean supplement group (BSS group). The BSS group was allocated to use dietary black soybean supplements (100 g/day) for 8 weeks. The BSS subjects were divided into two subgroups; 14 women were in the premenopausal group and 15 were in the postmenopausal group. We measured lipid profiles, female hormones and nutrient intakes at 0 weesk and 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly decreased (P<0.01) and the athrogenic index (AI) was significantly increased (P<0.01) in control group. In BSS group, triglyceride (TG) (P<0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.01) and LDL-HDL ratio (LHR) (P<0.01) were significantly decreased. However, E2 and Es were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared to the control group, the BSS group revealed statistically significant improvements in the levels of TG, HDL-cholesterol, AI, LHR, E2 and Es (P<0.05). In the premenopausal group, HDL-cholesterol (P<0.05), E2 (P<0.01) and Es (P<0.05) were significantly increased and AI (P<0.01) and LHR (P<0.01) were significantly decreased after 8 weeks. In the postmenopausal group, E2 (P<0.05), and Es (P<0.05) were significantly decreased. However, total cholesterol (TC) was increased (P<0.01). Compared to the postmenopausal group, the premenopausal group was significantly improved on HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and LHR (P<0.05). In conclusion, black soybean supplements may have beneficial effects on improving lipid profiles and female hormones.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1465-1470
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• 2015

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of L-carnosine (LC) and/or alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on growth performance, blood thyroid hormones and lipid profiles in finishing pigs. A total of 40 ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) pigs with an initial body weight of $57.93{\pm}3.14kg$ were randomly allocated to 4 experimental diets using a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement with 2 LC supplemental levels (0 or 0.1%) and 2 ALA supplemental levels (0 or 0.03%) in basal diets. The results showed that pigs fed LC-supplemented diets increased final live weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake compared to those of pigs fed without LC-supplemented diets (p<0.05). Dietary supplementation with ALA did not affect the growth performance and carcass traits of pigs (p>0.05). Additionally, LC supplementation increased serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine levels, and ALA supplementation increased serum triiodothyronine levels (p<0.05). Serum total cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly decreased in LC and ALA supplemented groups, respectively (p<0.05). Moreover, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower in the ALA-supplemented groups than those of pigs fed without ALA-supplemented diets (p<0.05). However, no significant $LC{\times}ALA$ interaction effect on growth performance, blood thyroid hormones and lipid profiles was found. This study suggested that dietary supplementation of LC resulted in better growth performance compared to that of ALA supplementation. L-carnosine and/or ALA supplementation positively modified blood lipid profiles, which may have the potential to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2005

Transcript profiling is a particularly valuable tool in the field of steroid receptor biology, as these receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors and therefore exert their initial effects through altering gene expression in responsive cells. Also, an awareness of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and their potential screening methods to identify endocrine activity have been increased. Here we developed an in-house cDNA microarray, named KISTCHIP-400 ver. 1.0, with 416 clones, based on public database and research papers. These clones contained estrogen, androgen, thyroid hormone & receptors, sex hormone signal transduction & regulation, c-fos, c-myc, ps2 gene, metabolism related genes etc. Also, to validate the KISTCHIP-400 ver. 1.0, we investigated gene expression profiles with reference hormones, $10^{8}\;M\;17{\beta}-estradiol,\;10^{-7}\;M\;testosterone\;and\;10^{-7}\;M$ progesterone in MCF-7 cell line. As the results, gene expression profiles of three reference hormones were distinguished from each other with significant and identified 33 $17{\beta}-estradiol$ responsive genes. This study is in first step of validation for KISTCHIP-400 ver. 1.0, as following step transcriptional profile analysis on not only low concentrations of EDCs but suspected EDCs using KISTCHIP-400 ver. 1.0 is processing. Our results indicate that the developed microarray may be a useful laboratory tool for screening EDCs and elucidating endocrine disrupting mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2006

Regular exercise training improves body composition, blood lipid profiles and exercise adaptation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of exercise training at different times of day on body composition, blood lipids, stress hormones and nutrient intakes. Twenty four male graduate students carried out this experiment. The subjects were divided into three groups; morning exercise group, evening exercise group and control group. Two exercise groups performed running and muscular resistance training at mid intensity for 12 week periods. Body composition, blood lipid profiles, blood cortisol, ACTH and nutrient intakes were analyzed prior to, midway and after training. There were significant differences about interaction between different exercise times and training periods in plasma TG and HDL-C of the evening exercise training (p < 0.05). Also the evening exercise group was showed the decreasing of TC after training (p < 0.05). No significant differences about interaction between different exercise times and training periods were shown in body composition, stress hormones and nutrient intakes in the three groups. But evening exercise training decreased body fat ($\%$) and blood ACTH (p < 0.05). Also the increasing of carbohydrate intakes was shown by the evening exercise training (p < 0.05). In contrast, morning exercise group indicated a decrease of body fat ($\%$) after 6 week training (p < 0.05), but this effect was not maintained after 12 weeks of training. These results suggested that regular evening exercise is more effect than morning exercise from the viewpoint of improving body composition, blood lipids, nutrient intakes and exercise adaptation.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.301-313
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• 2010

Growth promoters including hormonal substances and antibiotics are used legally and illegally in food producing animals for the growth promotion of livestock animals. Hormonal substances still under debate in terms of their human health impacts are estradiol-$17\beta$, progesterone, testosterone, zeranol, trenbolone, and melengestrol acetate (MGA). Many of the risk assessment results of natural steroid hormones have presented negligible impacts when they are used under good veterinary practices. For synthetic hormonelike substances, ADIs and MRLs have been established for food safety along with the approval of animal treatment. Small amounts of antibiotics added to feedstuff present growth promotion effects via the prevention of infectious diseases at doses lower than therapeutic dose. The induction of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and the disruption of normal human intestinal flora are major concerns in terms of human health impact. Regulatory guidance such as ADIs and MRLs fully reflect the impact on human gastrointestinal microflora. However, before deciding on any risk management options, risk assessments of antimicrobial resistance require large-scale evidence regarding the relationship between antimicrobial use in food-producing animals and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens. In this article, the risk profiles of hormonal and antibacterial growth promoters are provided based on recent toxicity and human exposure information, and recommendations for risk management to prevent human health impacts by the use of growth promoters are also presented.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.334-342
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• 2013

Proteases and protease inhibitors play key roles in most physiological processes, including cell migration, cell signaling, and cell surface and tissue remodeling. Among these, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) pathway is one of the most efficient biosynthetic pathways for controlling the activation of enzymes responsible for protein degradation. This also indicates the association of MMPs with the maturation of spermatozoa. In an attempt to investigate the effect of MMP activation and inhibitors in cultures with various hormones during sperm capacitation, we examined and monitored the localization and expression of MMPs (MMP-2 and MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-2 and TIMP-3), as well as their expression profiles. Matured spermatozoa were collected from cultures with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and Lutalyse at 1 h, 6 h, 18 h, and 24 h. ELISA detected the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 in all culture media, regardless of medium type (FSH-supplemented fertilization Brackett-Oliphant medium (FFBO), LH-supplemented FBO (LFBO), or Lutalyse-supplemented FBO (LuFBO)). TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 expression patterns decreased in LFBO and LuFBO. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in FBO and FFBO progressively increased from 1 h to 24 h but was not detected in LFBO and LuFBO. The localization and expression of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 in sperm heads was also measured by immunofluorescence analysis. However, MMPs were not detected in the sperm heads. MMP and TIMP expression patterns differed according to the effect of various hormones. These findings suggest that MMPs have a role in sperm viability during capacitation. In conjunction with hormones, MMPs play a role in maintaining capacitation and fertilization by controlling extracellular matrix inhibitors of sperm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2000

Daily variation in the serum concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I and in the plasma concentrations of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were evaluated in ewes fed 30%, 100% and 200% of theoretical maintenance energy requirements. The single daily meal has had significant effects (p<0.05) on almost all profiles. In general, serum or plasma hormone concentrations have increased after the meal, in particular at the two higher levels of energy intake. In the group submitted to the lowest level of energy intake, the consequences of the meal on circulating levels were almost imperceptible. The effects of feeding levels on serum or plasma concentrations have widely varied among hormones, not showing any objective pattern or relationship. Because these variations may affect the interpretation of these blood indicators, knowledge of daily profiles and of the effect of feed level must be considered. In order to maximize the diagnostic value of those indicators, the most suitable times for blood collection seem to be 16 h after the meal and (or) just before the meal. The collection 16 h after the meal apparently allows the characterization of a relatively steady metabolic state, intermediate between the close effects of food intake and the final phase of the intensification of body reserves mobilization. The collection just before the meal will give a good indication of the level of activity of those mobilization mechanisms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1995

To examine whether colostral growth factors are transferred to the general circulation, concentrations of plasma cortisol, insulin, prolactin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) -I and -II, IGF-binding proteins(IGFBPs) and total protein were measured in newborn calves fed colostrums, milk of milk replacer before and after feeding at 12 h intervals during the first two days after birth. Plasma protein concentrations increased with time after than in milk- or milk replacer-fed calves. The mean protein concentration was greater in colostrum-fed than in milk- or milk replacer-fed calves. Plasma cortisol levels transiently declined after each feeding regardless of the type of diet, while insulin levels tended to increase. Mean concentrations of these hormones did not differ between dietary groups, nor did they change with time after birth. Plasma concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone did not differ between dietary groups and also did not change with time after birth or after feeding. Concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-II transiently increased at the second feeding period, but these, as well as plasma IGFBP profiles, were not different between groups or before and after feeding. Results did not indicate significant transfer of colostral growth factors across the newborn ruminant small intestine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2017

Data are limited on biological mechanisms underlying the associations of sleep insufficiency with obesity and dyslipidemia. To explore these mechanisms, we investigated appetite-regulating hormones, stress-related hormones, and cardiometabolic indicators in association with sleep fragmentation, which is a type of sleep disorder. In an experimental study, we randomly allocated 40 Wistar male rats aged 7 weeks into four groups; rats with ad libitum sleep and ad libitum intake (Control), those exposed to sleep fragmentation (SF), those with diet restriction (DR), and those exposed to sleep fragmentation and diet restriction (SF+DR). Amongst them, 13-day chronic sleep fragmentation was applied to the SF and SF+DR groups while 50% reduction in chow intake was applied to the DR and SF+DR groups for 13 days. After these experiments, blood lipid and lipoprotein profiles, leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels were compared among the four groups. In the results, the SF group showed the highest levels of serum ghrelin (P<0.001) and the lowest levels of serum adiponectin (P<0.01). All experimental groups showed higher levels of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) than the Control (P<0.001). LDL-C levels and the ratio of LDL-C and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were positively correlated with ghrelin levels (P<0.05) in the SF group, but not in the DR and SF+DR groups. In the SF group, the highest levels of serum free fatty acids were also observed and correlated with lower levels of serum adiponectin, which reflects insulin resistance (P<0.05). Based on these findings, we suggest that chronic sleep fragmentation may induce disturbances in lipid metabolism and appetite-regulating hormones independent of food intake, and these metabolic disturbances may be worse due to insulin resistance related to overeating, which is indicated by elevated ghrelin levels in sleep fragmentation. For persons with sleep insufficiency, anti-atherogenic dietary interventions may be recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.85-89
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• 2019

Purpose: We compared thyroid hormone profiles in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) during the nephrotic phase and after remission. Methods: This study included 31 pediatric NS patients. The thyroid hormone profiles included serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and free T4. Results: Of the 31 patients, 16 (51.6%) showed abnormal thyroid hormone profiles: 6 had overt hypothyroidism, 8 had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 2 had low T3 syndrome. The mean serum T3, T4, and free T4 levels in the nephrotic phase and after remission were $82.37{\pm}23.64$ and $117.88{\pm}29.49ng/dL$, $5.47{\pm}1.14$ and $7.91{\pm}1.56{\mu}g/dL$, and $1.02{\pm}0.26$ and $1.38{\pm}0.23ng/dL$, respectively; the levels were significantly lower in the NS nephrotic phase (P=0.0007, P<0.0001, and P=0.0002). The mean serum TSH levels during the nephrotic phase and after remission were $8.05{\pm}3.53$ and $4.08{\pm}2.05{\mu}IU/mL$, respectively; they were significantly higher in the nephrotic phase (P=0.0005). The urinary protein/creatinine ratio during the nephrotic phase was significantly correlated with serum T3, T4, and free T4 levels (r=-0.5995, P=0.0032; r=-0.5797, P=0.0047; r=-0.5513, P=0.0078) as well as with TSH levels (r=0.5022, P=0.0172). A significant correlation was found between serum albumin and serum T3 levels during the nephrotic phase (r=0.5385, P=0.0018) but not between serum albumin and T4, TSH, or free T4 levels. These significant correlations all disappeared after remission. Conclusion: Abnormal thyroid hormone profile findings were observed in 51.6% of pediatric patients with NS. Thyroid hormone levels normalized after remission, regardless of levothyroxine therapy.