• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

Integrity plays a fundamental role in the feasibility of 'liability critical' applications. Road charging, e.g. road tolling in urban zones or on highways, represents a series of liability critical applications where a guarantee in integrity could be a true enabler: being the mechanism that prevents the incorrect charging of users and enabling the advancement of these applications using GNSS such as Galileo and EGNOS that provide integrity mechanisms. However, the integrity of the end user position is not guaranteed by the EGNOS and Galileo integrity services alone as provided. Algorithms have been developed to supply a guarantee on the performance attainable at the user level through the provision of a horizontal protection level that responds to local user conditions such as multipath or interference. In addition, an application has been developed that implements road charging mechanisms based on the availability of user-level integrity. Results obtained show that the user-level integrity algorithms provided the required level of integrity guarantee and granularity of the horizontal protection levels necessary for executing urban and rural (highway) road charging. In addition, the road charging application developed shows that the current application domain requirements can be met through the provision of guaranteed integrity and that further reductions in the horizontal protection levels along with increased signal availability will enable future road charging modalities.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2023

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) states that the recommended horizontal accuracy for coastal and offshore areas is 10 m, the Alert Limit (AL) is 25 m, the time to alert is 10 seconds, and the integrity risk (IR) is 10^-5 per three hours. For operations requiring high accuracy, such as tugs and pushers, icebreakers, and automated docking, the IMO dictates that a high level of positioning accuracy of less than one meter and a protection level of 0.25 meters (for automated docking) to 2.5 meters should be achieved. In this paper, we analyze a method of calculating the user-side protection level of the centimeter-level precision Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) that is being studied to provide augmentation information for the precision Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) service. In addition, we analyze standardized integrity forms based on RTCM SC-134 to propose an integrity information form and generate a centimeter-level precise PNT service plan.

• 한국정보보호학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보보호학회 1995년도 종합학술발표회논문집
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• pp.79-88
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• 1995

Most works done so far have concentrated on developing data modeling techniques such as multi-level relation for data protection. These techniques, however, cannot be applied to practical area. This is because they require new queries or new architectures. In this paper, we propose a query processing technique for multi-level databases using horizontal partitioning and views, which does not need any change in database architecture and query language.

• 한국산업안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국안전학회 1998년도 추계 학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.267-270
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• 1998

Current valve protection cover had problem that the hight of cover cap and road level could not match when the road was repaired and overcovered. But new developed device can solve this problem by forming several grooves in the connecting pipe. This device is devided into col=netting pipe (down side) and cap part.(upper side) On the outside diameter of connecting pipe, several horizontal grooves and two vertical grooves are formed. Through the horizontal grooves, the hight of cap part ran be adjusted with ground level. Therefore, this device can help easy maintenence in running water pipe.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.946-951
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 제주 국제 공항에서 실시된 항공우주연구원의 비행 실험 데이터를 기반으로 항공기 착륙 상황을 시뮬레이션하고, Protection Level 관점에서 제주 국제 공항 GBAS 시스템의 가용성 및 성능 향상을 위한 요구조건을 분석하였다. 요구조건을 분석하기위해, CAT I, CAT II/III의 결심고도에서 항공기 착륙 상황 (기준국 정밀좌표, 항공기 착륙 속도, 기준국 및 항공기 안테나 성능지표 등)을 Protection Level 계산에 적용하였다. 이 때 귀무가설 / 대립가설 (H0 / H1) Protection Level을 한계치 (Alert Limit)와 비교 분석하여, 현재 CAT I, CAT II/III의 가용도 및 개선 방향을 도출하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2016

Background: This study analyzes the differences in the annual averaged atmospheric dispersion factor and ground deposition factor produced using two classification methods of atmospheric stability, which are based on a vertical temperature difference and the standard deviation of horizontal wind direction fluctuation. Materials and Methods: Daedeok and Wolsong nuclear sites were chosen for an assessment, and the meteorological data at 10 m were applied to the evaluation of atmospheric stability. The XOQDOQ software program was used to calculate atmospheric dispersion factors and ground deposition factors. The calculated distances were chosen at 400 m, 800 m, 1,200 m, 1,600 m, 2,400 m, and 3,200 m away from the radioactive material release points. Results and Discussion: All of the atmospheric dispersion factors generated using the atmospheric stability based on the vertical temperature difference were shown to be higher than those from the standard deviation of horizontal wind direction fluctuation. On the other hand, the ground deposition factors were shown to be same regardless of the classification method, as they were based on the graph obtained from empirical data presented in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 1.111, which is unrelated to the atmospheric stability for the ground level release. Conclusion: These results are based on the meteorological data collected over the course of one year at the specified sites; however, the classification method of atmospheric stability using the vertical temperature difference is expected to be more conservative.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권4B호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2008

최근 들어 우리나라 전해역에 걸쳐 발생하고 있는 침식은 사회적인 문제가 되어왔다. 하지만, 해안구조물에 의한 기존의 방법으로 해안선을 보호하는 것이 "파랑장에 친화적인가?"라는 관점에서 개선의 여지가 있다. 새로운 형식의 철재형 이안제는 권혁민 등(2007)에 의해 제안되었다. 본 형식은 다수의 파일과 상부에 파랑진행방향과 수평으로 설치된 소파장치로 구성되어 있다. 본 형식은 해수유통원활, 대수심 축조수월, 공기단축 등의 장점이 있다. 본 연구는 소파제로서 철재형 이안제의 상부에 거치가 가능한 이열 조합판의 투과율을 실험적으로 평가했다. 일방향 불규칙파 시스템에 의한 모형실험을 통하여 반사율, 소파율, 투과율에 관하여 분석했다. 실험결과, 파형경사가 클수록 그리고 조합판의 폭-파장비가 클수록 투과율이 작아짐을 보였다. 본 연구는 이열 소파판 조합에 대하여 투과율 산정을 위한 직선식을 제안했다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.289-294
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• 2023

As technologies such as cameras, Laser Imaging, Detection, and Ranging (LiDAR), and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) become more sophisticated and common, their use in autonomous driving technologies is being explored in various fields. In the maritime area, technologies related to collision avoidance between ships are being developed to evaluate and avoid the risk of collision between ships by setting various scenarios. However, the position of each vessel used in the process of developing collision avoidance technology between vessels uses data obtained through GNSS, and may include a position error of 10 m or more depending on the situation. In this paper, a study on the dynamic safety navigation range including the positional inaccuracy of the ship is conducted. By combining the concept of the protection level obtained using GNSS raw data with a conventional safe navigation range, a safer navigation range can be calculated for dynamic navigation. The calculated range is verified using data obtained while sailing in an actual sea environment.