• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2018

We investigated the effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colony size on the pollination of greenhouse-cultivated watermelon grown under the forcing cultivation system. The highest pollination activity of bees was observed ($14.3{\pm}5.0$ honey bees/day) when the bee colony size was 10,000 followed by 7,500 and 5,000 honey bees. There was a positive correlation between the bee colony size and pollination activity (R = 0.262) but insignificant difference in fruit set with different honey bee colony sizes (88%-91%). Evaluation of physical properties revealed that the weight and shape of watermelon were also not significantly different among different colony sizes. However, larger the bee colony size, higher the number of seeds were fertilized and rate of seed fertilization (p > 0.05). Number of seeds and content of sugar were negatively correlated (R = -0.714). Fertilized seeds showed a significant increase in mealy flesh, which has a negative effect on fruit quality, compared with that of the unfertilized seeds. Overall, we found that a colony size of 5,000 honey bees was the most effective for the pollination of watermelon grown under forcing cultivation. A comparison of the effects of bee pollination with those of artificial pollination suggested that artificial pollination can be effectively replaced by bee pollination in the forcing cultivation of watermelon, because fruit set, weight, and shape by bee pollination were similar to those achieved by artificial pollination.

• 분석과학
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.252-261
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• 2019

피롤리지딘 알칼로이드(Pyrrolizidine alkaloids, PAs)는 식물이 포식자로부터 자신을 방어하기 위해 생산하는 2차 대사산물이다. 현재까지 약 6,000 여종 이상의 식물에서 660 여개의 피롤리지딘 알칼로이드가 확인되었으며 주로 국화과, 지치과, 콩과 식물에 분포한다. 본 연구에서는 UPLC-MS/MS를 이용하여 벌꿀 속 자연독소의 일종인 피롤리지딘 알칼로이드 7 종에 대한 분석방법을 확립하고 유통중인 벌꿀제품 84건에 대하여 PAs 함유량을 모니터링하였다. 정량은 전자분무이온화 과정에서 벌꿀에 대한 matrix effect를 줄이기 위해 matrix-matched 검량선을 사용하였다. 직선성은 R² ≥ 0.998, PAs 7 종에 대한 회수율은 81-108 % 수준이었다. 7종 동시분석법으로 국내 유통중인 벌꿀 84건을 검사한 결과, 7.1 % (6/84건)의 검출률을 보였으며 검출량은 평균적으로 47.19 ㎍/kg이었다. 또한 검출된 PA 성분은 주로 Lycopsamine과 Echimidine으로 확인되었으며 1.76-202.1 ㎍/kg의 검출범위를 나타내었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 1991

아카시아꿀, 잡화꿀, 밤꿀을 대상으로 일반성분 및 유리당을 정량분석하고 지방산을 GC-MS로써 분석한 결과 아카시아꿀, 잡화꿀, 밤꿀의 평균 수분 함량은 각각 19.7, 19.1, 18.9%이었으며 회분은 각각의 평균이 0.028, 0.050, 0.050%로서 아카시아꿀에서 비교적 낮았다. 벌꿀의 HMF (hydroxy methyl furfural)는 아카시아꿀과 잡화꿀의 평균함량이 18mg/kg정도이나 밤꿀은 다소 높은 20.21mg/kg 이었으며 유리산도는 밤꿀이 평균 2.28 meq/kg으로서 가장 높으며 아카시아꿀에서는 8.85 meq/kg으로서 가장 낮았다. 유리당의 함량은 밀원의 종류에 관계없이 3종 모두 포도당 $31.0{\sim}32.0%$, 과당 $35.0{\sim}36.0%$이었고 과당/포도당의 비율도 3종 모두 거의 동일한 1.14 정도이었다. GC-MS에 의한 자방산의 분석에서는 dodecanoic acid, 10-hydroxydecenoic acid, 6,9-undecadienoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, 12-(acetyl oxy)-9-octadecenoic acid 및 14-octadecenoic acid가 확인되었으며, 벌꿀의 품질판정에 이용되고 있는 10-hydroxydecenoic acid의 함량은 3증 모두10mg% 내외이며 $20{\sim}30mg%$에 달하는 시료도 있는 반면 검출되지 않은 시료도 있었다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.311-325
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• 2023

본 연구는 가리왕산, 유명산에 자생하는 주요 밀원수종인 음나무, 벚나무류, 피나무류 및 쪽동백나무를 대상으로 머신러닝기법(i.e., MaxEnt)을 활용하여 서식지 적합성 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 모형의 예측정확도인 AUC 값은 대부분의 밀원수종이 0.7 이상이었으며, 주요 환경 변수에 대한 반응 곡선 결과 주요 밀원수종의 서식지 적합성에 영향을 미치는 환경적 요인은 고도, 연평균 강수량, 연평균 기온으로 나타났다. 이는 고도 구배에 따른 기후 인자가 주요 밀원수종의 분포 패턴 설명에 있어 주요한 환경 변수임을 의미한다. 본 연구는 우리나라 밀원수림의 조성 및 관리 전략수립 뿐만 아니라 밀원수종의 분포도 제작 시 근거 자료로써 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 향후 다양한 층위에서의 꿀과 화분의 생산량 증대 및 꿀의 주년 생산을 위해서는 생물학적 변수를 반영한 다양한 지역 단위의 추가적인 데이터 수집 및 분석이 필요할 것이다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2008

Dynamic rheological properties of honey samples with 3 different moisture contents (17.2, 19.0, and 21.0%) were evaluated at various low temperatures (-15, -10, -5, and $0^{\circ}C$) using a controlled stress rheometer. The honey samples displayed a liquid-like behavior, with loss modulus (G") predominating over storage modulus (G') (G">>G'), showing the high dependence on frequency ($\omega$). The magnitudes of G' and G" decreased with an increase in temperature and water content while a predominant increase of G' was noticed at $-15^{\circ}C$. The time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle was applied to bring G" values for honeys at various temperatures together into a master curve. The G" over the temperature range of -15 to $0^{\circ}C$ obeyed the Arrhenius relationship with a high determination coefficient ($R^2=0.98-0.99$). Activation energy value (Ea=112.4 kJ/mol) of honey with a moisture content of 17.2% was higher than those (Ea=98.8-101.1 kJ/mol) of other honey samples with higher moisture contents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2249-2254
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• 2013

The study was conducted to determine the effect of Malaysian jungle Tualang Honey (TH) on development of breast cancer induced by the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(${\alpha}$)anthracene (DMBA) in rats. Forty nulliparous female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 80 mg/kg DMBA then randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 served as a Control while Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 0.2, 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg bodyweight/day of TH, respectively, for 150 days. Results showed that breast cancers in the TH-treated groups had slower size increment and smaller mean tumor size (${\leq}2cm^3$) compared to Controls (${\leq}8cm^3$). The number of cancers developing in TH-treated groups was also significantly fewer (P<0.05). Histological grading showed majority of TH-treated group cancers to be of grade 1 and 2 compared to grade 3 in controls. There was an increasing trend of apoptotic index (AI) seen in TH-treated groups with increasing dosage of Tualang Honey, however, the mean AI values of all TH-treated groups were not significantly different from the Control value (p>0.05). In conclusion, Tualang Honey exerted positive modulation effects on DMBA-induced breast cancers in rats in this preliminary study.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.695-701
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• 2012

This study was conducted to improve the quality of Kongsulgidduk prepared with soyflour and sweeteners. The quality was affected by the type of sweeteners used (sugar, syrup, honey), as well as the amount used (5-20%). Rheological properties showed that when more sugar was added to Kongsulgidduk, the hardness, gumminess and brittleness were lower. In addition, more than 10% sugar led to a significant decrease in hardness, gumminess and brittleness. The addition of honey increased the hardness, but decreased cohesiveness and brittleness of Kongsulgidduk. When color was evaluated, the L-value and a-value decreased, but the b- value increased as sugar was added. The addition of honey resulted in a decreased L-value. Sensory evaluation revealed that the addition of sugar resulted in better overall quality. The color score was highest when 5% sugar was added, while the flavor, moisture and chewiness scores were best when 10% sugar was added. Sweetness and consistency were good when 20% sugar was added. Honey improved the color, flavor and chewiness of Kongsulgidduk; however, sugar produced the best moisture, consistency and overall scores.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.555-564
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• 2019

Biodiesel is produced through the transesterification process in the presence of alcohol and a catalyst that catalyzes the conversion of triglycerides to esters and glycerol compounds. A more optimal product conversion can be achieved using enzymes, such as lipase. Lipase is reported to be produced in osmophilic yeasts due to the low water content in their natural habitats. Wild forest honey is one of the osmophilic natural habitats in Indonesia. However, lipase-producing yeast has not been reported in the Indonesian honey. In this study, we screened the lipase-producing yeasts isolated from wild forest honey collected from Central Sulawesi. The production profile and activity of lipase were determined at different pH values and temperatures. One promising yeast was isolated from the honey, which was identified as Zygosaccharomyces mellis SG 1.2 based on ITS sequence. The maximum lipase production (24.56 ± 1.30 U/mg biomass) was achieved by culturing the strain in a medium containing 2% olive oil as a carbon source at pH 7 and 30℃ for 40 h. The optimum pH and temperature for lipase activity were 6 and 55℃, respectively. The enzyme maintained 80% of its activity upon incubation at 25℃ for 4 h. However, the enzyme activity decreased by more than 50% upon incubation at 35 and 40℃ for 2 h. This is the first study to report the lipase producing capability of Z. mellis. Further studies are needed to optimize the enzyme production.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 2017

Nosema ceranae is an obligate intracellular fungal parasite that causes mortality in honey bees and enhances the susceptibility of honey bees to other pathogens. Efficient purification of Nosema spores from the midgut of infected honey bees is very important because Nosema is non-culturable and only seasonably available. To achieve a higher yield of spores from honey bees, in this study, we considered that the initial release of spores from the midgut tissues was the most critical step. The use of 2 mm beads along with enzymatic treatment with collagenase and trypsin enhanced the homogenization of tissues and the yield of released spores by approximately 2.95 times compared with the use of common 3 mm beads alone. The optimal time for the enzyme treatment was determined to be 1 hr as measured by the yield and viability of the spores. A one-step filtration using a filter paper with an $8-11{\mu}m$ pore size was sufficient for removing cell debris. This method may be useful to purify not only N. ceranae spores but also other Nosema spp. spores.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.605-611
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• 1995

호남지방에서 생산된 6점의 토종꿀을 대상으로 disaccharides와 trisaccharides를 분취한 다음 GC와 HPLC를 이용하여 각 oligosaccharides를 분리, 정량하였다. disaccharides는 토종꿀 중에 $5.9{\sim}8.4%$ 범위로 함유되어 있었는데 GC로 분석한 결과 sucrose, nigerose, maltose, laminaribiose, turanose, kojibiose, palatinose 및 isomaltose 등 8개의 당류가 분리되었으며, 그 중 maltose가 평균 2.28%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며 그 다음으로 turanose가 평균 1.57%의 함량을 나타냈다. trisaccharides는 토종꿀 중에 $1.4{\sim}5.4%$ 범위로 함유되어 있었는데 isopanose, erlose, theanderose, maltotriose, panose 등 5개의 당류가 분리되었으며, 그 중 erlose가 평균 2.83%로 가장 많은 부분을 차지하고 있었다. 토종꿀중에 함유되어 있는 전체 oligosaccharides의 조성을 살펴보면 erlose가 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며 maltose, turanose, sucrose, isomaltose의 순서로 많이 함유되어 있었다.