• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

The number of elderly who wants to access to Nursing Homes (NH) will increase due to the rapid aging society and domestic changes. Those who move into NH expect 24/7 care service in safe environment. Providing space free from danger, especially from fall, for the frail elderly is essential. The purpose of this study is to categorize performance needs of flooring materials in the aspect of safety, and analyze materials so that adequate ones for each space in NH can be suggested. Performance needs are as follows; slip resistance (dry/wet), fire resistance, resilience, water resistance, soil retardant, anti-bacterial, gloss, sound absorbtion. maintenance, durability, ease replacement, color and pattern variety, visual and tactual texture, tactile warmth, IAQ, sustainable material (before use), impact to nature (after use). They are categorized under function, economy, sensibility and sustainability. It was found that there are better materials than common ones that has been used repeatedly in NHs, such as vinyl sheets and VCT. In overall, Cork flooring and nylon carpet met all four categories, followed by wool carpet, rubber and linoleum. For bedroom, wood flooring, Cork, rubber, wool carpet, nylon carpets were suggested. In bathroom with shower, rubber, vinyl sheet and porcelain tiles were safe materials. As living/dining room and corridor floors, wool carpet, nylon carpet, cork flooring would be excellent as they are resilient and durable. The result of this paper can be used by both NH managers and material companies, resulting better quality of life of the elderly by providing safe environment.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the percent of body fat. fatness indices. and relationship between the percent body fat and dietary factors among the female middle school athletes. Hights, weights, an percent body fats of 17 soccer player. 10swimmer, and 5 rhythmic gymnast were measured. Dietary data were collected by questionnaires. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. Average body fat measured by infrared interactance method was 23.8$\pm$4.9% and BMI body fat was 20.3$\pm$2.6% Fatness indices such as BMI was 18.8$\pm$2.1 Rohrer index 119.4$\pm$11.8 percentage of ideal weight 90.4$\pm$9.2 and RBW 29.7$\pm$4.1. 2. Soccer player, swimmer, and rhythmic gymnast showed significant differences in percent body fat and fatness indices. ryhthmic gymnasts were smaller and lighter. 3. Most athletes were interested in diet and nutrition. and wanted to learn more about nutrition. Middle school female athletes ranked parents first or second for nutrition information. followed by managers$.$coaches$.$trainers. 4. Nutrition knowledge test score was 4.7 point out of possible 10, which is rather low, and showed significant difference in 3 kinds of players. 5. The quantities of food eaten in breakfast. lunch dinner and snack were significantly different among soccer player. swimmer. and rhythmic gymnast. In preference score of food groups, only beverage score was significantly different and of cooking methods. roasting and steaming were significantly different among the soccer player. swimmer. and rhythmic gymnast. 6. When subjects were divided into 3 groups on the basis of % infrared body fat, subjects with the highest body fat showed the tendency to eat more than others(non-sig). In the preference score of food groups. only fish showed significant difference among the groups. There were no significant differences between body fat and preference of various cooking method.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.53-66
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• 1986

The prensent study was aimed to explore the reality of the low-income consumers problem by the comparison among five income classes. Specifically, this study was intended to (1) compare the levels of consumer skill, market risk, and consumer problem among the five income classes, (2) examine the relationship between consumer problem and consumer skill, and the relationship between consumer problem and market risk, and (3) search the types of consumer problems that each income class consumers might experience the most often. For this purpose, a survey was conducted using questionaire on 525 home managers in Seoul. The deta were analyzed by ANOVA and DMR test. The major findings were as follows; First, the consumer skill was the poorest in the low-income consumers. There was curvilinear relationship between consumer skill and income level. Second, the market risk was the highest in the low-income consumers. Market risk had a negative linear relationship with income level. Third, consumer problem was the most serious in the low-income consumers and was the least serious in the middle-income consumers. Fourth, the lower consumer skill and the higher market risk the consumers had, the more consumer problems they tended to experience. Finally, the low-income consumers had relatively more difficulties in door-to-door sale and inferior goods problem than the middle and the high-income consumers. On the other hand, the latter experienced relatively more difficulties in false and misleading advertising, overcharge, unfair bargain, and warrenty-repair-exchange problem than the former. Taken together, the research hypotheses were well supported in this study. It was suggested that the quality and the quantity of the low-income consumers problem were different from those of the middle-and the high-income consumers problem.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of banking service quality on consumer satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth. A total of 330 bank consumers were investigated between Sept. 11 and Oct. 11, 2006. After sorting through the data, the responses of 299 consumer ( > 24 yrs old) were used for analysis. SERVPERF, the performance component of the Service Quality scale (SERVQUAL), was used to measure the four dimensions of reliability, responsiveness/empathy, assurance, and tangibles. Responses were partitioned by age and gender. The major findings were as follows; The effect of service quality by SERVPERF on consumer satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth did not differ according to gender. However, positive recommendation in males was directy related to the technical quality evaluate. In females, higher the functional quality evaluate was directly related to higher positive word-of-mouth recommendation. The effect of service quality by SERVPERF on consumer satisfaction was not revealed differently according to age. However, with respect to respondents under the age of 45, tangibles and assurance had a positive relationship with word-of-mouth recommendation. Furthermore, the higher the functional quality evaluate, the higher the level of positive word-of-mouth. Responsiveness/empathy was the most significant factor on positive word-of-mouth recommendation in respondents over the age of 45. In this age group, the higher the technical quality evaluate, the higher the level of positive word-of-mouth recommendation. These results have implications for banking service managers, particularly in improving service quality to increase consumer satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth. Future research is needed to replicate this study using more broad and representative samples in order to test the generalization of these findings.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.109-120
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to provide evidence concerning the effects of Emotional Leadership and examine the impacts of Emotional Leadership on employee-related variables which were 'job satisfaction', 'organizational commitment', 'organizational performance', 'turnover intention'. A survey was conducted from August 23 to November 3, 2005 to collect data from kitchen staff(N=611). Statistical analyses were completed using SPSS Win(12.0) for descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, correlation analysis, cluster analysis and AMOS(5.0) for structural equation modeling. Kitchen staffs gave high point to their leader in the Emotional Leadership competence 'Optimism: seeing the upside in events' and 'Adaptability: flexibility in handing change' and gave lower point in the Emotional Leadership competence 'Inspirational leadership: guiding and motivating with compelling vision'. Employees' job satisfaction on 'coworker' were relatively high. However, the extents of satisfaction on 'payroll', 'promotion', 'work environment' were relatively low. The organizational commitment score was higher at 'loyalty' factor than 'commitment' factor. the test of hypothesis using structural equation modeling found that Emotional Leadership produced positive effects on job attitude and job performance. In conclusion, this study has identified that the Emotional Leadership effects on their organizational performance and attitudes toward their job.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.435-442
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• 1995

This study is to investigate the eating habits of 420 businessmen living in urban areas (Taegu, Gumi, Youngchon and Changwon) in Kyungbuk and Kyungnam provinces. This survey was carried out by questionnaires. The results are summarized as the following in the association of demographic variables and eating habits, occupation (p<0.001), age (p<0.01), spouse's occupation, dwelling state, and monthly income (p<0.05) had statistically significant relationships. Middle aged adults placed more attention on eating habits than young adults. High-class professionals, managers and salesmen had a high frequency of 'good' eating habits, while office-workers had a high frequency of 'bad' eating habits. In the association of eating behavior, health status variables and eating habits, the frequency of meals, exercise, sleep, degree of fatigue, life styles, digestibility, and health status (p<0.001) had significant relationships. It seems that eating behavior and health conditions have direct effects on eating habits.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.187-211
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• 2003

This study deals with activities in internet, including activities on consumer counseling, exchange of consumer information, and anti-sites. Among consumers having utilized those three types of internet sites, this study examines whether their satisfactions on them differ depending on their socio-demographic characteristics and types of activities and also explores which factors critically influence consumer satisfactions. According to the results of this study, consumers' satisfactions were higher when consumers evaluated counselors were objective, rapid, and reliable. Thus, Counselors must be more efficiently classify counseling contents, systematically manage, rapid, active and concrete answers for consumers applying for counseling. Second, in the case of consumer information site, the consumer satisfaction turns out to be positively related with exchange of consumer information, rapid provision of information, and reliability. Connection of relevant specialized information, encouragement of active information exchange among consumers, and objectivity and specialty in consumer information site are necessary to increase the quality of internet consumer information cite. Third, in the case of anti site, consumer satisfaction is higher in cases of consumer being joined in anti-site and in cases of objective and reliable sites. In order to facilitate the utilization of anti-sites, those solutions include systematic classification and management of writings listed in the site, active management of the site managers, reducing criticisms on the writings listed and objectivity of information provided, and active searches for solutions. Finally, in order to preserve consumer sovereignty, policy suggestions include improvements of service qualities provided in internet sites, active advertisement, improvement of site management through charging some fees for users, enhancing specialties.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

Purpose - Online shopping enables consumers to conveniently purchase products irrespective of the time and place. As a result, several online shopping companies have emerged to cater to this growing market and, therefore, the competition among them has become increasingly intense. This paper evaluates the comparative efficiency of online shopping companies for a multi-year period (2009-2013), in order to help online shopping managers identify major drivers for enhancing management efficiency and the subsequent competitiveness. Research design, data, and methodology - The researchers collected the data from 2009 to 2013 from the distribution yearbook. This paper analyzes the marketability (sales figures), profitability (business profits), and management conditions (net profits) of domestic online shopping enterprises by incorporating information on human resources (number of employees) and material resources (total assets and capital). Therefore, the number of employees, total assets, and capital are selected as input variables, and sales figures, business profits, and net profits as the output variables. In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to measure the comparative efficiency of domestic online shopping companies. In addition, the Malmquist Productivity Index was used to evaluate the trend of change of Decision Making Units' (DMUs') efficiency for a multi-year period. Results - First, as of 2013, Interpark (2.415) was found to be the most efficient online shopping enterprise, followed by Aladdin Communications (2.117), Hyundai Home shopping (1.867), Home&Shopping (1.176), NS Home shopping (1.170), Commerce Planet (1.126), CJ O Shopping (1.105), Ebay Korea (1.088), and GS Home Shopping (1.051). Second, this study recognizes how the management efficiency has changed for the period 2009-2013. Third, the lesser the capital and employees, the more are the net profits, and the better is the management efficiency of domestic online shopping companies. Lastly, the productivity of such companies is influenced by endogenous factors rather than exogenous factors such as shifts in business environment and technological advances. Conclusions - DHC Korea influenced various distribution channels to reach customers through the Internet. Consequently, this helped in increasing the awareness about its products, in addition to an increase in sales. These achievements can be attributed to the characteristics of online shopping companies. Although it is easy for these companies to suggest goods for one-off purchases, they however have difficulties in retaining customers. Overcoming this challenge can be one of the ways to benchmark a successful case of an efficient company. For example, an online shopping company can attract customers by developing a corresponding mobile application as a convenient way to shop online. Additionally, they can satisfy customers by quick delivery of purchased products, which is possible by building an effective logistics network. Our study indicates that the productivity of an online shopping company was influenced by endogenous factors driven by improvements in managerial practices rather than exogenous factors. Accordingly, online shopping companies should adopt strategies to improve their operational efficiency rather than sales volume-oriented management.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

The fire safety of social welfare facilities increasing at high speed with coming-up of an aging society have been on the rise as a very important social problems. This research paper has analyzed the fire safety laws and standards about the social welfare facilities as a lesson elderly nursing home's fire that occurred in recent years. This research worker have conducted the questionnaire survey including research of the true actual through the fire protection engineers, the professors, the fire facilities managers and the users. This study has proposed the installing of suitable fire protection systems through the law revision, normal maintenance of the facilities, the safety management plan through evaluation about fire protective management and related facilities by the methods of the fire safety management.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.2 s.49
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• pp.142-152
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• 2005

It is estimated that the need to build health facilities for the elderly will grow in the near future as the Korean society is aging. Thus the study on the spatial composition of 22 facilities as well as on the cases of health facilities for the elderly in Japan, where public health and medicare for aged people are well taken care of, was conducted and the following are the results: 1. As of 2000, there was one facility for every 8,000 and 1,100 aged citizen under long-term care, and these facilities secured beds enough for $8\%$ of those who need long-term care. 2. The spatial composition was categorized into general living space, long-term care, management, provision, and home assistance, and housing was provided. Moreover, the space was divided according to their nature of use, the arrangement, the form of entrance into the building, moving line inside, the relationship with the health facilities and their characteristics are analyzed based on different users, managers, moving line including that of provision of food, the relationship between different spaces with different functions as well as on the relationship between locations of each space. 3. The total capacity, building area and actual area of the welfare facilities for the elderly are analyzed, and area per person, detailed area for each space, percentage of each living space for long-term care patients and characteristics of recuperation room are suggested.