• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2007

수소-이산화탄소(5:1) 혼합가스 순환장치를 장착한 반응기를 이용하여 독립영양형 메탄생산세균을 농화하였으며, 생산된 메탄의 농도는 10%미만이었다. 30일 이상 농화배양한 후 16S-rDNA 동질성을 이용하여 반응기에서 생장하고 있는 세균을 분석한 결과 수소를 단일 에너지 원으로 이용하는 Methanobacterium curvum와 Methanobacterium oryzae로 확인되었다. 농화된 세균을 hollow-fiber수소 공급장치를 장착한 반응기에 배양하여 메탄의 농도를 30%까지 향상하였다. 그러나 농화된 세균을 hollow-fiber 수소 공급장치와 미량의 수소를 생산하고 전기화학적 환원성 환경을 유도할 수 있는 장치를 장착한 복합형 반응기에 적용한 결과 메탄의 생산성은 50%가지 향상하였다. 이러한 결과는 독립영양형 메탄생산세균을 농화 또는 대량 배양하기 위해서 hollow-fiber 수소 공급장치와 전기화학적 환원력을 복합적으로 이용하는 것이 유리하다는 것을 보여주는 것이다.

• 공업화학
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.911-916
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• 1994

실관 막은 1970년대에 개발된 이래 인공신장기에 응용되어 막 장치개발의 대표적인 성공 예로 인용되고 있다. 실관 막을 생물 반응기로 사용하여 동물세포의 배양에 성공한 이래로 효소 고정화, 미생물 세포 배양, 그리고 식물 세포 배양에 이르기까지 실관막은 고농도, 고생산성 생물 반응기로 활발히 연구되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 실관 막을 이용한 생물 반응기의 연구 현황과 장래 전망에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2002

푸마르산으로부터 숙신산 생물전환을 위하여 E. faecalis RKY1을 HFBR에 친정화하여 연속생산 공정에 대한 가능성을 모색하였다. E. faecalis RKY1은 실관의 spongy 부분에 효과적으로 고정화되었으며, transverse mode로 HFBR 조업시 실관가닥이 50개 및 200개일 경우 거의 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 배지의 공급속도를 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mL/min로 증가시키면서 조업한 결과, 정상상태에 도달하는 시간이 각각 24, 12, 9시간으로서 유속이 증가할수록 정상상태에 도달하는 시간은 단축되었지만, 반응기 내의 기질 및 생성물 분포는 그 변화가 심하였다. 실관 생물반응기를 이용하여 숙신산 생물 전환시 배지의 공금 유속이 증가할수록 숙신산 생산성은 증가하였지만 전환수율이 감소하여 미반응 푸마르산은 증가하였다. 최대 숙신산 생산성 및 이 때의 수율은 푸마르산염 농도 80 g/L 및 배지 공금 유속 2.0 mL/min일 때 17.1 g/L ·hr 및 0.54 g/g이었으며, 최적 숙신산 생산성 및 이 때의 수율은 푸마르산염 농도 50 g/L 및 배지 공급 유속 1.0 mL/min일때 9.0 g/L · 및 0.90 g/g으로서 회분식 생물전환의 경우보다 더 우수하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient removal of municipal wastewater in the membrane bioreactor system with the different types of membrane. Membrane bioreactor consists of three reactors such as two intermittent anaerobic and the submerged membrane aerobic reactor with flat sheet and hollow fiber membrane, respectively. The removal efficiencies of $COD_{cr}$, BOD, SS, TN and TP on the flat sheet membrane bioreactor were 94.3%, 99.0%, 99.9%, 70.3% and 63.1%, respectively. In addition, The removal efficiencies of $COD_{cr}$, BOD, SS, TN and TP on the hollow fiber membrane bioreactor were 94.0%, 99.3%, 99.9%, 69.9% and 66.9%, respectively. The estimated true biomass yield, specific denitrification rate (SDNR), specific nitrification rate (SNR) and phosphorus removal content on the flat sheet membrane bioreactor were $0.33kgVSS/kgBOD{\cdot}d$, $0.043mgNO_3-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, $0.031mgNH_4-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, and 0.144 kgP/d, respectively. In addition, the estimated true biomass yield, specific denitrification rate (SDNR), specific nitrification rate (SNR) and phosphorus removal content on the hollow fiber membrane bioreactor were $0.30kgVSS/kgBOD{\cdot}d$, $0.067mgNO_3-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, $0.028mgNH_4-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, and 0.121 kgP/d, respectively. There was little difference between the flat sheet and hollow fiber on the nutrient removal efficiencies except SNR and SDNR. These differences between them were caused by the air demand to prevent the membrane fouling. The flux and oxygen demand for air scouring were $19.0L/m^2/hr$ and $2.28m^3/min$ for the flat sheet membrane, and $20.7L/m^2/hr$ and $1.77m^3/min$ for the hollow fiber membrane on an average.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.209-212
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• 1985

산소 투과율이 좋은 silicone tube안쪽에 nutrient 공급을 위한 3개의 isotropic polypropylene hollow fiber 3개를 넣어 제작된 이중 실관 반응기에서 E. coli cell을 immobilization 하여 cell density와 packing characteristics를 조사해 보았다. E. coli cell들은 거의 100% Packing되어 동물조직에서 처럼 층을 이루면서 자랐고 ceil density를 측정해 본 결과 약 550g/$\ell$고농도 세포배양이 가능하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2021

Monoclonal antibodies are widely used as diagnostic reagents and for therapeutic purposes, and their demand is increasing extensively. To produce these proteins in sufficient quantities for commercial use, it is necessary to raise the output by scaling up the production processes. This review describes recent trends in high-density cell culture systems established for monoclonal antibody production that are excellent methods to scale up from the lab-scale cell culture. Among the reactors, hollow fiber bioreactors contribute to a major part of high-density cell culture as they can provide a tremendous amount of surface area in a small volume for cell growth. As an alternative to hollow fiber reactors, a novel disposable bioreactor has been developed, which consists of a polymer-based supermacroporous material, cryogel, as a matrix for cell growth. Packed bed systems and disposable wave bioreactors have also been introduced for high cell density culture. These developments in high-density cell culture systems have led to the monoclonal antibody production in an economically favourable manner and made monoclonal antibodies one of the dominant therapeutic and diagnostic proteins in biopharmaceutical industry.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2012

The aeration provided in a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor (SMBR) improves membrane filtration by creating turbulence on the membrane surface and reducing membrane resistance. However, conventional hollow fiber membrane modules are generally packed in a vertical orientation which limits membrane scouring efficiency, especially when aeration is provided in the axial direction. In the present research, 3 innovative hollow-fiber membrane modules, each with a different membrane orientation, were developed to improve membrane scouring efficiency and enhance permeate flux. Pilot testing was performed to investigate the permeate flux versus time relationship over a 7-day period under different intermittent modes. The results indicated that the best module experienced an overall permeate flux decline of 3.3% after 7 days; the other two modules declined by 13.3% and 18.3%. The lower percentage of permeate flux decline indicated that permeate productivity could be sustained for a longer period of time. As a result, the operational costs associated with membrane cleaning and membrane replacement could be reduced over the lifespan of the module.

• 멤브레인
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1997

혐기-호기의 생물반응조 공정과 막분리 공정을 조합한 막-생물반응조 공정을 이용하여 염색폐수 중의 난분해성 물질들을 제거하였다. 염색폐수 원수를 직접 막분리공정에 적용한 결과 심각한 fouling을 초래하였다. 반면 생물반응조로 1차 처리한 후 막분리공정에 적용한 경우 생물반응조가 막의 오염원을 상당부분 제거하여 fouling현상이 현저리 감소하였으며, 막의 수명도 연장시킬 수 있었다. 염색폐수의 처리효율 및 fouling현상은 막의 기공 크기나 구조보다는 막의 재질에 더욱 의존함을 확인하였다. 중공사막 module의 사용 방법 및 중공사막 내부의 유속에 따라서 제거효율 및 투과유량이 변화하였다. 생물반응조나 막분리 단독공정보다 두공정을 조합한 공정이 보다 효과적으로 염색폐수 처리능력을 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2002

Two-stage membrane bioreactor using submerged hollow fiber membrane was applied in laboratory scale to treat nitrogen and phosphorus of domestic wastewater. Alum as the flocculant and adsorbent was added into the anaerobic basin of two-stage membrane bioreactor and mixed liquid of aerabic basin was recycled to the anaerobic basin for the purpose of nitrogen removal. Experiment was carried out to find removal efficient of phosphorous and nitrogen components in the mixed liquid, and the stability of the permeate flux and pressure of two-stage membrane bioreactor. In case of alum was added as the flocculant and adsorbent into the anaerobic basin, soluble phosphorus removal efficient was relatively higher and total permeate resistance(Rtot) was more increased out nitrogen removal efficient was lower as the result of lack of alkalinity and insufficient nitrification process than the case of alum was not added.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient removal of municipal wastewater in the submerged membrane bioreactor by addition of alum directly into aerobic tank. Membrane bioreactor consists of three reactors such as two intermittent anaerobic tanks and the aerobic tank with hollow fiber membrane. The removal efficiencies of $COD_{cr}$, BOD, SS, TN and TP on the membrane bioreactor were 94.0%, 99.1%, 99.9%, 66.9%, and 58.9%, respectively. In addition, The removal efficiencies of $COD_{cr}$, BOD, SS, TN and TP on the membrane bioreactor with alum addition were 93.4%, 99.0%, 99.9%, 63.2%, and 96.8%, respectively. There was little difference between them on the nutrient removal efficiencies except phophorus removal. The estimated sludge production, specific denitrification rate, specific nitrification rate and phosphorus removal content on the membrane bioreactor were 1.76 kgTSS/d, $0.055mgNO_3-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, $0.031mgNH_4-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, and 0.095 kgP/d, respectively. And The estimated sludge production, specific denitrification rate, specific nitrification rate and phosphorus removal content on the membrane bioreactor with alum addition were 2.90 kgTSS/d, $0.049mgNO_3-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, $0.030mgNH_4-N/mgVSS{\cdot}d$, and 0.160 kgP/d, respectively. The alum content added was 1.7 molAl/molP on an average. The increasing ratio of tran-membrane pressure on the membrane bioreactor was $0.0056kgf/cm^2{\cdot}compared$ to $0.0033kgf/cm^2{\cdot}d$ on the membrane bioreactor with alum addition. There was a slightly reduction effect on membrane fouling by alum addition.