• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to investigate the vairous change in the toxicity of cadmium by the simultaneous administration of selenium and zinc, which have been reported to change -the toxicity of cadmium through the interaction with cadmium, to rat. For the experiment, 42 rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The experimental groups were divided into 6 groups: a control group, a cadmium (100ppm) alone treatment group, a cadmium (100ppm) and zinc (100ppm) combined treatment group, and three cadmium (100ppm), zinc (100ppm) and selenium (1, 4, and 8ppm) combined treatment groups. The rats were allocated seven to each group and observed for seven weeks. The results of experiment are as follows: 1. The food consumptions of each group were reduced, compared with a control group, especially, in a cadmium and zinc combined treatment group and a cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium(1ppm) combined treatment group to the significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.05). The water consumptions of each group were reduced to the very significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.01). The feed efficiencies of each group were lower than a control group, and among them the highest group was cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (8ppm) combined treatment group as 90% of a control group. 2. In all groups, the weight gains were highest in the second week and the total weight gains were reduced to the very significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.01). 3. In all groups, the relative weights of liver were reduced, compared with a control group, especially, a cadmium alone treatment group was reduced to the significant level (p < 0.05). The relative weight of kidney was high to the significant level in a cadmium alone treatment group (p < 0.05) compared with a control group. In all groups, the relative weights of testis were reduced, compared with a control group, but the levels were not significant. 4. The accumulation of cadmium was highest in the kidney and the order of height was in liver, testis and blood, respectively. In all groups, the amount of cadmium accumulation was high to the very significant level compared with a control group (p < 0.01). In liver, the amount of acdmium accumulation in. a cadmium alone treatment group was high to the significant level compared with a cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (8ppm) combined treatment group (p < 0.05), and in kidney, the amount of cadmium accumulation in a cadmium alone tretment group was high to the very significant level compared with the cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (4, 8ppm) combined treatment groups (p < 0.01). However, in testis, among the treatment groups the level was not significant and in blood, a cadmium alone treatment group was low to the significant level compared with the cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (4, 8ppm) combined treatment groups (p < 0.05). 5. According to the histopathological finding on the testis, some of the seminiferous tubules of a group treated with cadmium alone showed severe necrosis and atrophy. But the testis of cadmium $\cdot$ zinc and selenium (8ppm) combined treatment group was similar to that of a control group. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the repeated simultaneous oral administration of large doses of selenium with the cadmium produces the partial amelioration of cadmium toxicity, whereas zinc does not.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3141-3145
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• 2015

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one the common lethal cancers in Iran. Detection of GC in the early stages would assesses to improve the survival of patients. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the accuracy of EUS in detection depth of invasion of GC among Iranian Patients. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective study of patients with pathologically confirmed GC. They underwent EUS before initiating the treatment. The accuracy of EUS and agreement between the two methods was evaluated by comparing pre treatment EUS finding with post operative histopathological results. Results: The overall accuracy of EUS for T and N staging was 67.9% and 75.47, respectively. Underestimation and overestimation was seen in 22 (14.2%) and 40 (25.6%) respectively. The EUS was more accurate in large tumors and the tumors located in the middle and lower parts of the stomach. The EUS was more sensitive in T3 staging. The values of weighted Kappa from the T and N staging were 0.53 and 0.66, respectively. Conclusions: EUS is a useful modality for evaluating the depth of invasion of GC. The accuracy of EUS was higher if the tumor was located in the lower parts of the stomach and the size of the tumor was more than 3 cm. Therefore, judgments made upon other criteria evaluated in this study need to be reconsidered.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2014

Purpose : To review MR imaging finding of papillary lesion identified as additional suspicious lesion on MR image in women with biopsy-proven breast cancer and to evaluate upgrading rates after subsequent surgical histopathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Among 1729 preoperative MR image of women with biopsy proven breast cancer, US-guided CNB-proven 22 papillary lesions from 21 patients, which showed additional suspicious contrast enhancement other than index cancer on MR image, were subjected to the study. Some of these lesions underwent surgery, thus the comparisons between the histopathologic results were able to be compared to the results of US-guided CNB. Also retrospective analysis was done for MR findings of these lesions by BI-RADS MRI lexicon. Results: On MR imaging, 8 mass lesions, 7 non-mass lesions, 7 focus lesions were detected. All of the focus lesion (100%, 7/7) was diagnosed as benign lesion and showed plateau and washout pattern in dynamic MR image. After excisional biopsy, one of 9 benign papilloma (11.1%), 3 of 3 papillary neoplasm with atypia component (100%), 3 of 5 papillary neoplasm (60%) were upgraded to malignancy such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Conclusion: The MR images of papillary lesions diagnosed by US-guided CNB exhibit no significant differences between malignancy and benign lesion. Also 41.2% of the lesion (7/17) was upgraded after subsequent surgery. Thus all of the papillary lesions require excisional biopsy for definite diagnosis and the MR imaging, it's just not enough by itself.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to investigate the wound healing effects of the Opuntia ficus-indica. Four full-thickness skin wounds(2.5 cm × 2.5 cm) were made in different areas on the back in each of five dogs. Two wounds were used for wound size measurement and two for skin biopsy. The ten full-thickness wounds were treated with the extract of Opuntia ficus-indica, and the ten full-thickness wounds were treated with normal saline. The wound areas were measured every other day for three weeks after wounding. Statistical analysis was performed with the paired t-test. The wound healing rates were 32.9±4.0%, 28.2±7.1%, 42.2±4.1%, 55.0±4.3%, 76.6±2.8%, 86.8±2.3%, 94.0±1.l%, 97.3±0.8%, 99.3±0.3%, 99.8±0.2%, 100.0±0.0% in the experimental group, and 18.0± 8.2%, 13.S± 11.6%, 15.2±6.1 %, 36.9±8.8%, 62.4±4.1%, 80.0±2.3%, 86.0±1.4%, 94.0±0.9%, 96.9±0.8%, 97.8±0.3%, 99.7±0.1% in the control group on the 1/sup st/, 3/sup rd/, 5/sup th/, 7/sup th/, 9/sup th/, 11/sup th/, 13/sup th/, 15/sup th/, 17/sup th/, 19/sup th/, 21/sup st/ day. On the 17/sup th/ day, the wound closed above 99.9% in 1 dog of the experimental group. On the 19/sup th/ day, the wound closed above 99.9% in 3 dogs of the experimental group. On the 21/sup st/ day, the wound closed above 99.9% in 5 dogs of the experimental group, and 1 dog of the control group. The wound healing period was shortened by 2 to 4 days in the experimental group as compared with the control group. The tensile strength was 4,508±513 g/㎠ in the experimental group and 2,772±400 g/㎠ in the control group on the 21/sup st/ day after wounding. The tensile strength was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(p< 0.05). Inflammation rapidly spread and disappeared in the experimental group but not in the control group. Fibroblast and vascularization were found on the 5/sup th/ day in both group and increased only in the experimental group on the 9/sup th/ day. The firs finding of epithelialization was on the 13/sup th/ day in the experimental group and the 21/sup st/ day in the control group. A significantly higher wound healing rate(p< 0.05), tensile strength(p< 0.05) and better histopathological findings were observed in the experimental group than in the control group throughout the experimental period. These results suggest that topical application of Opuntia ficus-indica extract can promote wound healing in dogs.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 1999

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the methods of diagnosis and treatment of thyroid nodules. Materials and Methods : We performed a clinical review of patients with thyroid nodules, who were surgically treated at the Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University from January 1996 to December 1998. Results: 1) The patients were divided into two groups; 65 patients(80.2%) with benign nodular disease and 16 patients(19.8%) with malignant disease. 2) The sex distribution showed a preponderance of females with a ratio of 5.2:1 in benign nodular disease and 3:1 in malignant disease. Benign nodules were more prevalent in patients in their 40's as compared to malignant nodules in patients in their 50's and 60's. 3) The most common duration of illness was 3 months, occurring in 45.7% of the total cases. 4) The most prominent symptom and sign was a palpable nodule in the anterior aspect of the neck. 5) The location of the nodule was ; 41 cases in the right lobe, 29 cases in the left lobe, and 11 cases in both lobes. 6) Thyroid scanning of 40 patients revealed cold nodules in 90.6% of benign nodules and in all malignant disease. 7) Fine needle aspiration cytology were performed in 32 cases of the 81 patients. Comparing with postoperative pathological findings, the results were the same in 87.5% of 32 cases. 8) Intra-operative frozen section study was performed in 56 cases of the 81 patients. Comparing with postoperative pathological finding, the results were same in 96.4% of the 56 cases. 9) The histopathological classification revealed that adenomatous goiters were the most common benign disease and papillary carcinomas were the most common malignant disease. 10) The most frequently employed operation for benign nodules and malignant disease was unilateral total lobectomy. When the metastasis was confirmed, lymphadenectomy and radical neck dissection was performed in malignant disease. 11) Important postoperative complications were transient hoarseness, transient hypocalcemia, hypothyroidism, wound bleeding, and hoarseness. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that palpable nodules in anterior aspect of neck is revealed cold nodule by thyroid scanning and malignancy by fine needle aspiration cytology, which should be removed surgically. There is no difference in complication and survival rate with type of operation and lymphatic dissection. Therefore, procedure of operation is dependent on the site of nodule and involvement of lymph node.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 1998

Purpose : To evaluate the late effect(3 and 6 months) of cis-diarnrninedichlo-roplatinum(II)(cisplatin) on the radiation brain damage when the cisplatin was intraperitoneally infused immediately after whole brain irradiation in the rats. Materials and Methods : The histolopathological findings of the brain were examined in rat brains at 3 and 6 months after the treatment. The rats were irradiated(20 or 22.5 Gy, RT) or cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally(2,4, or 8mg/kg, CT) and in combined treatment group, cisplatin(2mg/kg) was injected immediately after irradiation(20 or 22.5 Gr). Histopathological examination was done mostly in irradiation or cisplatin alone groups, because the rats in combined group died during experimental period except 2 rats. Results : The rats treated with cisplatin showed marked epithelial vacuolation with perivascular edema and vascular dilatation in choroid plexus at 3 months as well as multifocal necrosis involving fimbria and cerebellar hemispheres at 3 and 6 months. The changes were more prominent in rats with 2mg/kg injection compared to rats with 8mg/kg injection. The rats with RT and combined CT and RT showed characteristic delayed irradiation effects such as focal coagulation necrosis and vascular changes, which were more marked than previous reports Prominent perivascular and leptomenin-geal astrocytic Proliferation was well documented by anti-GFAP antibody. Cisplatin treatment did not enhance the effect of radiation-induced changes of blood vessels and astrocytic proliferation. Conclusion : The focal necrosis was the most consistently noted finding in this study, it suggested the possibility to use this as an evaluation factor for combined effects of RT and cisplatin.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of FDG-PET/CT as follow up imaging tool in patients with endometrial cancer after therapy. Material and Methods: One hundred one patients with endometrial cancer who underwent FDG PET/CT after the treatment of this disease were included in this study population (25-79 yr old, Mean age 50.6 yr old) and all these patients also performed various laboratory and imaging studies such as serum tumor marker, CT or MRI. The lesions having increased focal FDG uptake were classified into benign, equivocal, and malignant one according to their pattern and activity. Tumor recurrence was confirmed by histopathological results and other clinical and imaging data. Results: Among the 19 patients with 30 malignant or equivocal hot uptakes, 11 of 14 patients supposed to be malignant finding in PET/CT were proved to be tumor recurrence, while one of 5 patients with equivocal lesions were recurred malignancy, Two false negative cases were turned out to be peritoneal carcinomatosis, Estimated sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of PET/CT for diagnosis of recurrence in endometrial carcinoma after treatment were 86 %, 92 % and 91 %, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values in the same issue were 63% and 98%, respectively. Conclusion: FDG-PET/CT is useful for regular work up of endometrial carcinoma after the treatment because of its high negative predictive value as well as high sensitivity and specificity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.311-317
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• 1986

On 11-year-old female mixed-breed dog with chief complaints of existence of abdominal enlargement and anorexia was referred to the veterynary teaching hospital of Chungnam National University. The dog was diagnosed into cholangiocarcinoma by the result of the histopathological observation. The results observed are summarized as follows: The clinical signs were abdominal enlargement, anorexia, dyspnea and depression. There were marked increase in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN). Serum total protein and albumin were slightly below normal. In gross finding, the liver was enlarged and friable with numerous white, cauliflower-like nodules over the surface and composed on cysts from 3 to 4 cm in diameter. The cystic lesions contained a yellow gelatinous material. Anatomically, this neoplasm was classified as intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Histologically, this neoplasm was combined tubular carcinoma with bile duct cystadenocarcinoma. The former were characterized by tubular structures lined by anaplastic cuboidal or columnar cells with diffuse fibrous stroma, and the latter by multiple cystic structures lined by simple and stratified cuboidal or columnar cells.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2010

The natural herbal antimicrobial additive, Flavo-$SK^{TM}$, was developed by Zoonosis Research Center of Wonkwang University. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Flavo-$SK^{TM}$ on the health status and performance of growing chickens. This study was conducted on the growing chickens (n=20,000) for 31 days in a growing chickens husbandry. The animals were divided with two groups; Flavo-$SK^{TM}$ treated group (n=10,000) and commercial diet feeding group (n=10,000). The Flavo-$SK^{TM}$ treated animals had provided with commercial diet adding the Flavo-$SK^{TM}$ as 0.29%. During the study period, we compared clinical signs, weight increase rate, diet consumption amount, gross finding, necropsy findings and histopathological findings between the treated group and non treated group. As the results of this clinical trial, the natural herbal antimicrobial additive, Flavo-$SK^{TM}$, showed the effects on disease reduction. It is suggested that Flavo-$SK^{TM}$ has the antimicrobial effects.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.823-837
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to study the histopathological correlation between the use of platelet-rich plasma and enamel matrix protein used in conjunction with xenograft. compared to a control group with regards to bone regeneration at the grade III furcation area in beagle dogs. Control group was treated with bovine derived bone $powder(Biocera^{(R)})$, and experimental I group was treated with bovine derived bone powder and Platelet-rich plasma and experimental II group was treated with bovine derived bone powder and Enamel matrix $protein(Emdogain^{(R)})$. The regeneration rate of bone formation was observed and compared histopathologically at 2. 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. The results were as follows: 1. In control group and both experimental groups. inflammatory cells were observed but, new bone formation wasn't. 2. In control group, new cementum on the notch was found in 4 weeks, less mature periodontal ligament when compared to that of experimental group was found and cementum formation was great but, regeneration couldn't be seen in 8 weeks. 3. Experimental I group. new bone formation in the area adjacent to alveolar bone and graft material surrounded by more dense connective tissue were found in 4 weeks. New bone formation up to crown portion was found and periodontal ligament was aligned functionally and cementum more mature. 4. Experimental II group, new bone formation was found under the defect area in 4 weeks and new bone formation around graft material in 8 weeks, too, and there were a number of fibroblasts, blood vessels, acellular cementum, which was less mature when compared to that of experimental I group, and dense collagen fiber like which normal periodontal ligament has in periodontal ligament of experimental II group in 8 weeks. 5. As a result of histologic finding, bone formation rate were 18.0${\pm}$7.87%(control group), 34. 05${pm}$7.25%(experimental I group), 19.33 ${pm}$5.15%(experimental II group) in 4 weeks and 21.89${pm}$1.58%(control group), 38.82${pm}$3.2(experimental I group), 37.65${pm}$9.22%(experimental II group) in 8 weeks. 6. Statistically significant ratio of bone formation was observed in experimental I group in 4 weeks and in experimental II group in 8 weeks. When experimental I group was compared to experimental II group, the ratio of bone formation in experimental I group was higher than that in experimental II group in 4 weeks(p<0.05). This results suggest that platelet-rich plasma showed more new bone formation than enamel matrix protein within 4 weeks. And use of enamel matrix protein in the treatment of periodontal bone defects starts to enhance regeneration after 8 weeks in beagle dogs.