• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

Crocodile farms are getting popular in Bangladesh in an economic point of view. In one of the farms, some crocodiles were found sick and three of them died between May and July in 2006. This investigation was performed to diagnose the cause of the death. Routine postmortem examination was conducted. Samples were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology and in falcon tube for microbiological study. Additional swabs were collected in nutrient broth. Histopathological and microbiological studies were conducted using routine procedures. In addition Giemsa, Gram and PAS stains were performed to detect the organism in tissues. Grossly, esophagus, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen, heart and kidney were congested. Intestine, rectum and colon were hemorrhagic. Clay colored material was found in colo-rectum. Purulent exudates in lungs and thick and cloudy pericardial fluid in pericardial sac were found. Histologically, multifocal granulomatous inflammation was evident in lung, liver, kidney, intestine and colon with bacterial colonies, fungal spores and hyphae. These bacteria were appeared as Gram negative. Fungal hyphae and spores were detected in liver, lungs and colon by using PAS stain. Bacteriologically, E. coli were isolated from lungs exudates, pericardial fluids and intestinal fluids. Therefore, it can be concluded that 3 crocodiles died due to E. coli septicemia concurrent with mycotic infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.69-71
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• 2012

Rabbits are highly susceptible to colibacillosis, and no treatment is able to control the disease effectively. Rabbits raised in a farm in Chonbuk province presenting persistent diarrhea and death were submitted for diagnosis. Ninety percent of the infected animals died; weanlings suffered the most mortality. Necropsies showed prominent hemorrhagic foci along the intestinal and cecal serosae. In histopathological examination, rod-shaped bacteria were observed in the necrotic areas of the tips of villi in the small intestine and neutrophils infiltration was found around the necrotic villous areas. The affected animals consistently yielded Escherichia coli isolates from the intestines. The isolated organism was atypically indole-negative and was nonserotypable using 62 known O group-typing sera. Further microbiological and epidemiological works to recognize and control colibacillosis infection in farmed rabbits in Korea is therefore critical.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 1983

A servey on bovine fascioliasis in 52,876 cattle of Euiseong, Andong, Yecheon, Wolseong areas in Gyeongbug Province was carried out by the intradermal test, and the clinical side action of the positive cattle administered with DS-6 intramuscularly was observed. In addition pathological examination of 2 cattle died with side action of DS-6 was also conducted. The results of the studies are summarized as follows; 1. The average infestation rate of bovine fascioliasis was 31.1% and regional infestation rates were 35.1% in Eiseong, 34.5% in Yecheon, 32.2% in Andong, 26.9% in Wolseong, respectively. 2. The side actions were occurred in 1.5%(115/7,667) cf cattle administered with DS-6 and the clinical observations were salivation, dyspnea, hyperamia of conjunctiva, lacrimation, perspiration, urticaria, tremor, diarrhea, staggering, convulsion, edema and abortion. 3. Within 1 hour after the injection, side actions were occurred in 61.7% of the 115 cattle while they were observed in 37.4% of the 115 catte from 1 hour to 2 hours post injection. 4. The duration of the side action was less than 2 hours in 29.5%, 2 to 10 hours in 47.0% and more than 10 hours in 23.5% of the 115 cattle. 5. Autopsy findings and histopathological observations indicate that the death of cattle is caused by anaphylactic shock.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.513-524
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• 1993

mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effects of $\beta$-glucan remain unclear. Rats were divided into 3 groups ; normal control group, atherogenic group(oral administration of cholesterol 40 mg/kg/day plus vit. $D_2$ 320,000 IU/kg/day), $\beta$-glucan treatment group(atherogenic treatment plus $\beta$-glucan 0.135 g/kg/day). The $\beta$-glucan treatment group showed moderate increases of serum lipids concentration compared with atherogenic group. In histopathological examination, aortas showed no critical lesions. The total fecal neutral sterols and bile acids excreted for 6 days was increased compared with both normal and atherogenic group. To compare effects of soluble fiber and insoluble fiber extracted from barley on postprandial lipemia, 5 healthy male adults ingested on separate days a low-fiber(total dietary fiber 2.61g) control meal or dietary fiber-enriched(12.61g) meals. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were obtained for 6.5h and serum lipids were analyzed. The serum total lipids, total cholesterols, LDL & VLDL-cholesterol were markedly reduced with soluble fiber-enriched meals, but no decrease with insoluble fiber-enriched meals. These results suggest that mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effect of $\beta$-glucan on rats were due to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption in the intestinal lumen and acceleration of cholesterol catabolism in the liver. And the soluble dietary fiber($\beta$-glucan) has the hypocholesterolemic effect by dropping serum LDL & VLDL-cholesterol in the clinical study.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2002

The single dose toxicity of Jengjengamiyjintang, a herbal drug for duodenal ulcer was evaluated in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Jengjengamiyjintang was once administered to both sexes of rats at the dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 125mg／kg for oral route according to KFDA guidelines for single dose toxicity test (1999-61). In addition, vehicle control group was added in order to compare clinical signs, body weight changes and abnormal necropsy findings. After single administration, clinical signs were observed every twice a day for 14 days and body weights were measured 5 times including initial measurement on day 0. When observation period was over, the animals were sacrificed and macroscopic examination of major organs was conducted. Neither significant clinical signs nor death after administration was observed during the observation periods except for soft feces or diarrhea that were restricted to Day 1 of 2000 and 1000mg/kg-dosing groups. Although some accidental findings such as gross and histopathological changes of lung that were demonstrated in some animals of all experimental groups including vehicle control group, no abnormal necropsy findings and changes of body weight were observed at terminal necropsy in both sexes. From these results, it is considered that $LD_{50}$ of Jengjengamiyjintang is over 2000mg／kg in oral administration in both sexes of rats and approximated lethal dose was considered over 2000mg/kg.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.182-187
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• 2010

Purpose: Additional surgery is commonly recommended in gastric cancer patients who have a high risk of lymph node metastasis or a positive resection margin after endoscopic resection. We conducted this study to determine factors related to residual cancer and to determine the appropriate treatment strategy. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy due to non-curative endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer between January 2006 and June 2009 were enrolled in this study. Their clinicopathological findings were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed for residual cancer. Results: Of the 28 patients, surgical specimens showed residual cancers in eight cases (28.6%) and lymph node metastasis in one case (3.8%). Based on results of the endoscopic resection method, the rate of residual cancer was significantly different between the en-bloc resection group (17.4%) and the piecemeal resection group (80.0%). The rate of residual cancer was significantly different between the diffuse type group (100%) and the intestinal type group (20%). The rate of residual cancer in the positive lateral margin group (25.0%) was significantly lower than that in the positive vertical margin group (33.3%) or in the positive lateral and vertical margin group (66.7%). Conclusions: We recommended that patients who were lateral and vertical margin positive, had a diffuse type, or underwent piecemeal endoscopic resection, should be treated by surgery. Minimal invasive procedures can be considered for patients who were lateral margin positive and intestinal type through histopathological examination after en-bloc endoscopic resection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.466-468
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• 2014

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by multiple cysts within the renal parenchyma and is a common heritable disease in humans, dogs, and cats. However, a few cases of PKD have been described in captive pygmy hippopotamuses. Bilateral PKD was observed in a 33-year-old, 198-kg female pygmy hippopotamus during its necropsy in Seoul Zoo on 15 January 2013. The diagnosis of PKD was confirmed by gross findings and histopathological examination. One kidney was slightly enlarged, and the lower portion of other kidney contained a large cyst filled with light yellow, watery fluid. Both kidneys had numerous, variably sized fluid-filled cysts of 2 to 20 mm in diameter. Considerable portions of the renal cortex and medulla were replaced by cysts. Microscopic inspection showed that the cysts were lined with low cuboidal to flat epithelial cells. The present case report of PKD in a pygmy hippopotamus is the first in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.186-189
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• 2012

A 7-year-old castrated male Cocker spaniel dog was referred to Gyeongsang National University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital with a severe abdominal distension. A huge, inhomogeneous fat opacity mass was identified on the abdomen radiographic survey. From the abdominal ultrasonographic examination, the mass was found to have irregular marginated hyperechoic capsule with cellular hypoechoic fluids inside. On the computed tomography, an encapsulated inhomogeneous mass was identified with fat attenuation peripheral and soft tissue attenuation inside. The origin of the mass was confirmed as falciform fat by surgical excision. The resected mass appeared to be a firm reddish-brown color with a smooth surface. The histopathological appearance was a well-differentiated liporsarcoma. The patient has no recurrent signs 1 month after surgery.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1998

A fourteen-month-old Holstein bull from a private cattle fattening farm at Ansung county in Kyunggi Province Korea was submitted on August 2nd 1997, for examination at the Pathology Division of the National Veterinary Research Institute. The bull died within 24 hours after developing clinical signs of abrupt inertia, complete anorexia high fever(40.3℃) diffuse severe emphysematous swelling of upper part of the right hind leg lateral recumbancy and paralysis. At necropsy diffuse severe subcutaneous redness and influx of serosanguinous exudate containing gas bubbles had accumulated under the thorax right hip and upper region of right hind leg. Muscles in upper right hind leg were blackish to dark red and yellowish brown in color. Muscle bundles were dry and separated by gas bubbles and serosanguinous fluids and muscles sections from affected regions floated in water. Histopathologically muscle fibers were partially or entirely degenerated fragmented and separated by exudate and gaseous substance mixed with polymorphonuclear cells. Blood vascular walls in affected regions showed severe acute fibrinoid necrosis. Typical large rod-shaped bacteria with or without oval central to subterminal spores were frequently observed in tissue sections stained with H-E and Gram stain. The large Gram-positive anaerobic endospore-producing rods were isolated from the suspension of muscle lesions. Isolated bacteria were identified as Clostridium(CL) chauvoei and CL. sordellii by biochemical tests. This case was diagnosed as blackleg based on the typical clinical signs gross finding histopathological observation and bacteriological results. This is the first case report on blackleg associated with Cl. chauvoei and Cl. sordellii in Holstein cattle in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2015

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and high blood glucose level from progressive insulin secretory defect. The rhizome of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. (AJ) has been used for treatment of retention of water in oriental medicine. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of AJ on type 2 diabetes rats. Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced by 60% high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6); Nor (normal control group), Con (diabetic group treated with vehicle), Met (diabetic group treated with 200 mg/kg metformin) and AJ (diabetic group treated with 100 mg/kg AJ). The body weights and food intakes were measured during the treatment period. After 4 weeks treatment, blood glucose level, HOMA-IR, and protein expressions of IRS-1, p-IRS-1, PPAR-${\gamma}$, and GLUT4 were measured, and histopathological examination of beta cell was performed. Results: Compared with the control group, blood glucose level and HOMA-IR were reduced in rats treated with AJ. Impaired beta cells in pancreas of rats were recovered and phosphorylation of IRS-1 was increased in rats treated with AJ. And also, protein expressions of PPAR-${\gamma}$ and GLUT4 were increased by treatment of AJ. Conclusions: The results suggest that Atractylodes japonica Koidz. may have anti-diabetic effect on type 2 diabetic rats through regulation of blood glucose level and insulin resistance. Therefore Atractylodes japonica Koidz. may have positive effects on patients with type 2 diabetes.