• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.390-396
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• 2008

Osteoarthritis(OA) diseases are characterized by joint pain, tenderness, limitation of movement, crepitus, occasional effusion, and variable degrees of inflammation without systemic effects. We investigated the effects of Achyrantis radixs cream treatment and low intensity ultrasound in monosodium iodoacetate(MIA) induced experimental osteoarthritis rat. Sprague-Dawley 40 rats of 7-8 weeks, weight $250\;{\pm}\;50$ g were divided into four groups including the control group and ostoarthritis group(30 rats). Histopathological examination, Mankin's score, and immunohistochemical were performed. Histological findings in control group that are similar to those observed in human osteoarthritis, such as disorganization of chondrocytes, erosion and fibrillation of cartilage surface, and subchondral bone exposure. Safranin O-fast green staining revealed that marked diffuse reduction of proteoglycans and chondrocyte treated with MIA. The Mankin's score were closely correlated to the grade of histological findings. The level of Bax and caspase-3 expression decreased experimental groups. This study shows that a Acyranthes Radix cream treatment and low intensity ultrasound exerts a beneficial influence on the severity of chondral lesion in osteoarthritis rats. This treatments could related to a reduced level of chondrocyte apoptosis through anti-apoptotoc capacities of MIA-induced apoptotic protein overexpression.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.622-626
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• 2001

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM) is an uncommon immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disorder that typically affects the white matter of the central nervous system. Radiologic findings of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis are not pathognomomic. The differential diagnosis is always difficult. Occasionally, the clinical features, radiological and histopathological findings of patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis mimic the brain tumor or other space occupying lesions. The authors report a 6-year-old girl who presented with right hemiparesis two days after nausea and vomiting. Brain MRI of the patient revealed non-enhanced multiple cystic lesions in subcortical white matter of both cerebral hemisphere with prominent edema. One of the cystic lesions was resected to differentiate with metastatic tumor or inflammatory disease such as abscess and confirmed as the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis via various immunohistochemical stains. Pertinent literature is reviewed with discussion on this uncommon ADEM associated with multiple cystic lesions.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.293-297
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• 2017

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that is highly aggressive in nature and indolent in progression. The common risk factors for MCC are senility, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and immune deficient states. Moreover, Merkel cell polyomavirus has recently been characterized to be significantly associated with pathogenesis of MCC, including the expression of Cytokeratin 20 (CK20). Diagnosis is often difficult since histopathological results require a number of differential diagnoses through immunohistochemical (IHC) stains with other cutaneous malignancies. A 67-year-old man presented with a solitary dome-shaped erythematous round mass on the left upper arm for 2 months. Biopsy and IHC studies revealed findings consistent with Merkel Cell Carcinoma of neuroendocrine origin. Common IHC stains usually confirm positive findings for CK20, which is also recognized as the key component in making the diagnosis. We present a CK20 negative MCC in light of expanding the knowledge of unusually stained IHC results in MCC.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2018

Canine peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are spindle cell tumors that arise from Schwann cells, perineural cells, fibroblasts or all of them. Based on the morphology and biologic behavior, PNSTs are divided into benign PNST (BPNST) and malignant PNST (MPNST) forms. The aim of this study is to diagnose the two cases of neoplastic tissue samples with features of PNSTs by the histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The study was performed using two specimens from small animal clinic. The first case, A was a mass, 3~4 cm in diameter, extruded from vaginal mucosa of 10-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog. And the second case, B was a subcutaneous mass, 1.5 cm in diameter, which is originated from right hind leg of 9-year-old castrated male mixed-breed dog. Two cases were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological examination. And also immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method with antibodies specific for the following proteins: S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In results, Antoni B schwannoma pattern characterized by pleomorphic, round and fusiform polygonal cells was seen in A. In B, Antoni A pattern, densely packed spindle cells arranged in interlacing bundles was seen in addition to Antoni B pattern. In IHC, cytoplasms of neoplastic cells were diffusely labeled for S-100 expression in A and B. For SMA, both A and B show negative expression. And for EGFR, A shows negative expression but B shows partially positive expression in areas of Antoni B schwannoma pattern. The histopathologic features of two cases coupled with the S-100 immunoreactivity led to a diagnosis of PNST. For SMA, both A and B show negative expression. The diagnosis of A will be a BPNST with the negative result and B will be a MPNST with the positive result for EGFR.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in suckling piglets by oral administration of the IgY. The piglets were divided into two groups: test and control group. The former (n=10) were administered orally with IgY for three days from one-day-old and experimentally challenged with PEDV and TGEV at four-day-old. The latter (n=10) were administered with saline solution and challenged with same methods. Several tests were studied and summarized as follows; In clinical signs, the piglets of the control group showed the typical signs such as severe watery diarrhea, depression and anorexia but those of the test group recovered progressively. Control group showed 20% in mortality, but there were no death in the other. The gross lesions in the test were milder than those in the control, and there were typical findings as like congestion and distension of lumen in the control group. In histopathological study, the piglets of the control group had shortened and fused intestinal villi and a marked loss of epithelium, whereas the others showed milder changes. It could be concluded that oral administration of IgY, specific yolk-antibody against PEDV and TGEV is effective to prevent PEDV and TGEV infection in suckling piglets.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8847-8853
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to establish the expression and localization of E-cadherin and ${\beta}$-catenin in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) so that we could correlate the findings with prognostic-relevant histopathological variables. E-cadherin and ${\beta}$-catenin expression in normal oral epithelia and in oral squamous cell carcinomas was examined immunohistochemically, and associations with histopathological differentiation and prognosis were then analyzed in 33 patients who had been operated on for OSCC. E-cadherin expression was found in (82%) of the squamous cells of well differentiated OSCC, (61%) of moderately differentiated and (39%) of poorly differentiated. E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with histological grade (p=0.000). No nuclear staining was detected. In (19.5%) of the cells E-cadherin localized in the cytoplasm, with no correlation to the histological grade (p=0.106). ${\beta}$-Catenin expression was found in 87% of the squamous cells of well differentiated OSCC, 67% of moderately differentiated and 43% of poorly differentiated, the expression was significantly associated with histological grade (p=0.000). the nuclear ${\beta}$-Catenin expression appeared in 3.3% of the cells and it was correlated to the histological grade (p=0.000). In (23.5%) of the cells ${\beta}$-Catenin localized in the cytoplasm, with correlation to the histological grade (p=0.002). According to this study the expression of ${\beta}$-catenin and E-cadherin were independent prognostic factors for histological grade. E-cadherin was closely linked to ${\beta}$-catenin expression in OSCC (p=0.000) and to tumor differentiation. That reflects a structural association and the role of both in tumor progression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 2016

Colorectal cancer is a very prevalent diagnosed cancer. The current study was performed in order to examine the role of BRAE (Basella rubra aqueous extract) in regulating aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation, cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in a colon carcinogenesis model in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly allocated into six groups. Group I served as control, and group II acted as a drug control administered BRAE (250mg/kg b.w.) orally for 30 weeks. Rats in group III-VI were given subcutaneous injections of DMH (25mg/kg b.w. weekly) for 15 weeks to initiate colon carcinogenesis. Those in group IV and VI were administered BRAE along with DMH injections. Rats in group V were administered with BRAE after cessation of DMH injection. After 30 weeks of experimental period colons were obtained from experimental groups and analyzed for ACF incidence, argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region-associated proteins (AgNOR) count, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes. Only in DMH exposed groups were ACF and AgNOR numbers increased. Administration of BRAE appreciably decreased the numbers of ACF and AgNOR in BRAE treated groups. Histopathological findings revealed a high level of dysplastic changes with decreased number of goblet cells found only in only DMH injected rats. Administration of BRAE in treated group rats reversed these changes. Expression markers for cell proliferation (PCNA and Ki67) were elevated in DMH treated rats, but reduced with BRAE treatement. This expression was reversed with apoptosis markers (p53 and Caspase-3). Thus the results results of the present study were found to be significant and confirmed the potential efficacy of BRAE against colon carcinogenesis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.549-559
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• 1999

Leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare in the oral cavity and especially in the mandible. At first. the case of this report was diagnosed as odontogenic fibroma but after approximately 3.5 years. it was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. Conventional radiograph of the first time showed an ill-defined radiolucent lesion in the mandible. After local recurrence. CT images showed a large irregular soft tissue mass with some necrotic areas. These findings were not specific for leiomyosarcoma, but they suggested that this lesion was a recurrent soft tissue sarcoma. Histopathological examinations using H & E staining, immunohistochemical staining and Masson's trichrome staining confirmed this case as leiomyosarcoma. Deciding its malignancy or benignancy, defining the tumor extent and its relationship to the surrounding anatomic structures, and evaluating the distant metastasis are more important roles of radiographic examination than finding out the name of disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.544-547
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• 2015

An 11-year-old, intact male Pekingese was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Kangwon National University with a 10-day history of seizures. Fifteen days before coming to Kangwon National University, the dog had visited a local animal hospital for lameness, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed to treat this symptom. However, 10 days before coming to our hospital, the dog experienced generalized seizures. Two days before his arrival, generalized ataxia and mental dullness also occurred. Our examinations revealed no remarkable findings on a routine blood test or X-ray. However, the neurological examinations confirmed mental dullness, generalized ataxia, and a lack of menace response and pupillary light reflexes. Nine hours later, dyspnea occurred, and 12 hours after that, the patient was euthanized per the client's request. A necropsy of transverse sections confirmed the presence of a prominent midline shift due to extended tumor growth. On histopathological analyses, pseudopalisading necrosis of the glial cells and microvascular proliferation were observed. In immunohistochemical analysis, glial fibrillary acidic protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigens, and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 immunoreactive cells were observed in the tumor area. Based on the results, the tumor was confirmed to be a glioblastoma. Primary intracranial tumors are rare in the veterinary field. This case report describes the clinical and histopathological findings of glioblastoma in a Pekingese.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.499-506
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• 2022

Objective : We conducted this study with the aim of predicting the biological behavior of meningiomas, and determining the benefits of associating histological subtype and grade with the expression of proliferative markers and tumor suppressor proteins. Methods : The study included 29 patients with primary intracranial and intraspinal meningioma diagnosed in the pathology laboratory of Konya City Hospital between January 2014 and December 2020. Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients including parameters such as age and gender were obtained from the hospital records. Histopathological findings were obtained by re-evaluating the preparations stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, which were extracted from the archive, and by evaluating new sections obtained from paraffin blocks of patients stained with Ki67, p53, and p57 immunohistochemical stains. Results : A moderate correlation was found between tumor size and Ki67 proliferation index (PI) (p=0.003, r=0.530). There was no significant difference between grade I and grade II tumors in terms of p53 (p=0.184) and p57 (p=0.487) expressions. There were higher levels of Ki67 PI in grade II tumors. The histological subtypes of the tumor had no significant difference with Ki67 PI (p=0.018), p53 (p=0.662), and p57 (p=0.368) expressions. Conclusion : In order to obtain more definitive results, there is a need for studies, which are conducted with a greater number of patients and in multiple centers, and in which a long prospective follow-up is planned. The combination of histological, surgical, and imaging markers could make a more sensitive tool for predicting recurrence, and this could also be tested in future studies.