• BMB Reports
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2023

Phenotypic features such as ataxia and loss of motor function, which are characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD), are expected to be very closely related to cerebellum function. However, few studies have reported the function of the cerebellum. Since the cerebellum, like the cerebrum, is known to undergo functional and morphological changes due to neuroinflammatory processes, elucidating key functional factors that regulate neuroinflammation in the cerebellum can be a beneficial therapeutic approach. Therefore, we employed PD patients and MPTP-induced PD mouse model to find cytokines involved in cerebellar neuroinflammation in PD and to examine changes in cell function by regulating related genes. Along with the establishment of a PD mouse model, abnormal shapes such as arrangement and number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum were confirmed based on histological finding, consistent with those of cerebellums of PD patients. As a result of proteome profiling for neuroinflammation using PD mouse cerebellar tissues, fetuin-A, a type of cytokine, was found to be significantly reduced in Purkinje cells. To further elucidate the function of fetuin-A, neurons isolated from cerebellums of embryos (E18) were treated with fetuin-A siRNA. We uncovered that not only the population of neuronal cells, but also their morphological appearances were significantly different. In this study, we found a functional gene called fetuin-A in the PD model's cerebellum, which was closely related to the role of cerebellar Purkinje cells of mouse and human PD. In conclusion, morphological abnormalities of Purkinje cells in PD mice and patients have a close relationship with a decrease of fetuin-A, suggesting that diagnosis and treatment of cerebellar functions of PD patients might be possible through regulation of fetuin-A.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.681-686
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• 2010

배경: 흉부전산화단층촬영이 보편화되면서 기존의 단순흉부촬영에서는 발견되지 않았던 작은 폐결절이 발견되는 경우가 많아졌다. 이렇게 발견된 폐결절중 크기가 작거나 폐실질 내부에 위치한 결절은 육안 및 촉진으로 확인이 어려운 경우가 많아 생검을 시행하는데 어려움이 따른다. 본원에서는 흉부 전산화단층촬영 유도하에 Hook wire를 사용하여 위치선정을 시행한 후 흉강경하 폐쐐기절제술을 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 12월부터 2010년 6월까지 31명의 환자(남자 17명, 여자 14명)에서 34개의 폐결절을 대상으로 흉부전산화단층촬영 유도 하에 Hook wire를 사용하여 위치선정을 한 후, 흉강경하 폐쐐기절제술을 시행하였다. Hook wire의 이탈 여부, 개흉술 전환 빈도, 위치선정 후 수술 시작까지의 시간, 수술시간, 수술 후 합병증, 대상 병변의 조직학적 진단 등을 분석하였다. 결과: 34예 중 12예는 간유리 병변이었으며 22예는 고형의 폐결절이었다. 병변 크기의 중앙값은 8 mm (범위: 3~23 mm)였으며 병변 깊이의 중앙값은 12.5 mm (범위 1~34 mm)였다. 위치선정 후 마취 시작까지 걸린 시간의 중앙값은 86.5분(41~473분)이었으며, 수술시간의 중앙값은 103분(25~345분)이었다. 1예에서 wire의 흉강 내 이탈이 있었으나 성공적으로 목표 병변을 절제하였다. 4예에서 흉막유착으로 인해 개흉술을 시행하였다. 그러나 목표 병변을 찾지 못해 개흉술로 전환한 예는 없었다. 조직학적 진단에서 전이성 암이 15예로 가장 많았으며, 원발생 폐암 9예, 비특이적 염증소견 3예, 결핵성 염증소견 2예. 림프절 2예, 활동성 결핵 l예, 비정형 샘 증식증 1예 및 정상폐조직 1예로 보고되었다. 결론: 폐실질 내에 위치한 간유리 음영 및 폐결절의 정확한 조직학적 진단을 위해 본원에서는 흉부전산화단층촬영 유도하 Hook wire를 삽입하여 폐결절의 위치를 선정한 후 폐 생검을 시행하였다. 저자들은 이 방법이 정확하면서 최소침습적이고 합병증 발생 및 진료비 상승을 최소화할 수 있는 유용한 술기라고 생각한다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2015

최근 $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 이중면역염색은 액상세포검사에서 자궁경부 이형성증과 암을 조기에 발견하기 위한 새로운 생체 표지자로 대두되고 있다. 저자들은 자궁경부질도말의 액상세포검체 총 109례에서 CINtec$^{(R)}$ PLUS kit를 사용하여 $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 이중면역염색을 시행하였고, 그 결과를 액상세포검사, HPV hybrid capture II (HC II) 검사 그리고 조직학적 진단과 서로 비교하였다. $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 양성 발현은 세포학적 진단에서 저등급 편평상피내병변 이상의 증례 그리고 조직학적 진단에서 자궁경부 상피내종양 1등급 이상의 증례에서 유의미하게 높았다. 액상세포검사상 비정형 편평 상피세포 소견을 보이는 46례 중, 31례 (67.4%)가 $p16^{INK4a}$과 Ki-67 양성 소견을 보였고, 이러한 양성 증례들은 조직검사에서도 대부분 자궁경부 상피내종양 1등급 이상의 병변에 해당하였다. 자궁경부 상피내종양 1등급 이상의 병변을 발견하기 위한 $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 이중면역염색의 민감도는 액상세포검사보다 높은 89.0%였고, 특이도는 73.5%로 HC II 검사보다 높게 분석되었다. 따라서, $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 이중면역염색 방법은 액상세포검사법의 민감도와 HC II 검사법의 특이도를 보완하기 위한 진단적 검사로 유용하다고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1340-1344
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• 2001

뇌로 전이한 악성 섬유성 조직구종 1례를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. 환자는 62세 남자로 다발성 전이성 뇌종양 의증하에 개두술 및 종양 제거술을 시행받았다. 술전 검사상 두개강외 원발 부위를 의심할만한 병변은 발견하지 못하였다. 수술과 전뇌 방사선 치료후 6개월째에 성장하는 우측 견부 종양이 발견되어 적출술을 시행하였다. 뇌와 견부 조직 표본에서 악성 섬유성 조직 세포종에 부합되는 일치된 병리 소견을 보였으나 GFAP-양성 세포들은 뇌병변의 조직 표본에서만 발견되었다. 이후에 발생한 척추 등의 골격계 전이성 병변에 대하여서는 고식적 방사선 치료를 행하였다. 최초 진단 후 12개월째 우측 견부 종양이 재발하여 항암 화학 치료 중이다. 이 증례에서 특이한 점은 원발 부위 발견전 전이성 뇌종양이 진단된 것인데, 악성 섬유성 조직구종으로부터 뇌로 전이한 경우가 드물거니와 특히 원발부위가 확인되기 전에 뇌로 전이한 병변이 먼저 발견된 경우는 보고된 바가 없다. 또 하나의 중요한 소견은 GFAP 발현이 뇌병변에서만 나타나며 원발부위인 견부 종양에서는 관찰되지 않은 점이다. 원발성 두개강내 악성 섬유성 조직구종에서 GFAP-양성 세포의 존재는 중요한 조직학적 특성의 하나로 알려져 있으나, 본 증례의 소견은 원발성 두개강내 악성 섬유성 조직구종에 존재하는 GFAP-양성 세포들도 악성 섬유성 조직구종에 의해 이차적으로 생성된 비종양성 성상 세포들이라는 가설을 뒷받침하고 있다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.452-456
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• 2011

5 year-old female Siberian husky which was 27 kg had presented with a recurrent rhinitis with chronic discharge and cough. A nasal foreign material had been suggested by a finding of a bone density ($0.3{\times}0.3$ cm) in the left nasal cavity on X-ray and CT-scanning. Soft tissue opacity in frontal sinus and nasal cavity was increased and foreign material was located beside turbinate bone in the left nasal. We found that there was the increase in the number of eosinophil and mast cell by the nasal cytology test. These results mentioned above indicated that the rhinitis by nasal foreign body was suspicious. We decided that the transfrontal rhinotomy could be the proper procedure to approach the material in this case. After rhinotomy, the foreign body and severe sticky discharge were removed. Drain was placed through the hole and into the frontal sinus and nasal cavity which were flushed two times a day for 7 days. The clinical signs such as cough and nasal discharge were shown to be improved in the every visiting for the re-check. On the $40^{th}$ day after surgery, we could confirm that the most of soft tissue density in the frontal sinus and nasal cavity was decreased by CT-scanning. However, foreign body was not identified by histological examination. For the treatment of chronic rhinitis caused by foreign body, the surgical method such as rhinotomy can be applied, when it is difficult to remove it in the guide of the nasal endoscope.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.153-169
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-fibrogenic effect and the effect on cell growth and apoptosis in YJCGT, YJCGT YSO and YJCGT YSCO on thioacetamide-induced rat liver tissue and the immortalized human hepatic cell line LX2. Materials and Methods : LX2 cells were treated with various concentrations (0, 50, 150, 300 ug/ml) of YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO extract for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After the treatment, cell viability was measured by using MTT assay. Caspase inhibitor assay, and cell viability were determined by a colorimetric assay with PMS/MTS solution. Rat liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal thioacetamide injection 150 mg/kg 3 times a week for 5 weeks. After the treatment, body weight, liver & spleen weights, liver function test, the complete blood cell count and the change of portal pressure were studied. After YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO treatment, percentages of collagen in thioacetamide-induced rat liver tissue were measured. Results : The viability of the LX2 cell decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposure of LX2 cells to YJCGT, YJCGT+YSO and YJCGT+YSCO induced caspase-3 activation, but co-treatment of YJCGT, YJCGT+YSO and YJCGT+YSCO with the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, and the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVE-FMK, blocked apoptosis. There was no difference in rat body weight between the thioacetamide only group and the YJCGT, YJCGT+YSO and YJCGT+YSCO groups. In the YJCGT, YJCGT YSO and YJCGT YSCO groups, the serum level of GPT significantly went down compared with the thioacetamide only group. In the YJCGT, Y+YSO, Y+YSCO groups, white blood cell elevated by thioacetamide injection decreased but RBC, Hgb, and Hct increased. In the Y+YSO group, the portal pressure elevated by thioacetamide injection significantly decreased. In the histological finding, thioacetamide injections caused severe fibrosis, but YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO treatment significantly reduced the amounts of hepatic collagens. Conclusions : YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO inhibit the growth of LX2 cells by inducing apoptosis through caspase activity. YJCGT, Y+YSO, and Y+YSCO have beneficial effects on the treatment of cirrhotic patients as well as patients with chronic hepatitis.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1999

A new method of limb sparing by resection, extracorporeal irradiation and reimplantation has several theoretical advantages. This method preserves the mobility of a joint and avoids the problem of loosening or breakage of tumor prosthesis. This study involved using extracorporeal irradiated autogenous joint transplantation for reconstruction after en bloc resection, and observed the periods of functional union and histological changes in irradiated tissue of the knee joint. This study also aimed to clarify whether the degeneration of articular cartilage is induced in rabbits by a single 50Gy dose of irradiation at the knee joint. Twenty New Zealand rabbits about three kilograms were randomized into two groups of 10 rabbits each. In group 1, as control, we resected the knee joint followed by reimplantation without irradiation. Group 2 received extracorporeal irradiation on the resected knee joint followed by reimplantation. Following are the results of these observations. The osteotomy site showed external callus formation in the roentgenographic finding eight weeks after reimplantation. There was marked degenerative changes in the collagen fiber of the irradiated anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus during the fourth week, but new blood-vessel formation was observed in the vicinity. There was degenerative changes in the collagen fiber of articular cartilage treated extracorporeal irradiation at four and eight weeks in the scanning electron micrographic findings. These findings was in contrast to those of subchondral bone which showed decreased cellularity and empty lacuna at four and eight weeks. Autoradiography demonstrated active [$^3H$]uridine incorporation by irradiated chondrocyte at eight weeks after reimplantation. These results indicate that when destruction of the articular cartilage and soft tissue of the knee joint is not severe, extracorporeal irradiation and reimplantation can be used with several advantage in maintaining movement of the joint while avoiding problems of tumor prosthesis and rejection, and therefore extracorporeal irradiated autogenous joint transplantation can be used as a limb-sparing procedure for temporary biological spacer in the childhood bone tumor around the knee.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.733-739
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• 2011

Purpose: Cellulose is a natural substance from plants or bacteria. It is known that bacterial synthesized cellulose has an effect of wound healing. The aim of this study is to show the effect of bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus on wound healing. Methods: Three full-thickness skin defects were made on the back of Sprague-Dawley rats. Three wounds were treated by vaseline gauze (Group V), Algisite $M^{(R)}$ (Group A) and bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus (Group C) was used for dressing on skin defect on rats. We analyzed the gross, histological and biochemistry finding. Results: Group C showed more decrease of wound size compared to Group V (33% versus 7.2%) after 14 days. The histologic findings revealed Group C and Group A preceed the process of wound healing rather than Group V (More rapid collagen deposition and neovascularization and reduced inflammation). Also, the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ were increased in the Group C and Group A compared with the Group V in 7 days. VEGF and TGF-${\beta}1$ expression were decreased in the Group C and Group A in 14 days, however Group V was not decreased at 14 day because of delayed wound healing process. Conclusion: Bacterial synthesized cellulose from citrus affects wound healing by reducing the inflammatory stage. And stimulates wound contracture by the deposition of extracellular matrix, thus preventing the formation of chronic wounds.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1987

건선병변의 조직소견과 비만세포의 수적 변화를 비교하여 건선의 병리조직 형성 비만세포가 관여하는지를 알고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 임상적인 특징으로 진단된 건선 환자중 일주일 이상 전신치료를 받지 않은 60례를 대상으로 하였다. 병변의 성숙도에 따른 병리조직적인 변화 및 유두상진피와 표피직하부 진피내의 비만세포의 수를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 건선병변에서 표피의 변화중 이상각화증과 극세포증이 초기병변과 성숙병변에서 차이를 보였다. 초기병변에서는 이상각화증이 부분적으로(mounds)나타났으나 성숙병변에서는 융합되어(confluent)나타났다. 극세포증은 초기병변에서는 경도내지 중등도의 분포를 보였고 성숙병변에서는 중등도내지 고도의 분포를 보였다. 진피의 변화중 유두종증이 초기병변과 성숙병변에서 차이가 있었으며 초기병변에서는 정상범위에서 중등도의 분포를 보였고 성숙병변에서는 중등도내지 고도의 분포를 보였다. 2. 표피의 극세포증이 심할수록 진피의 유두종증도 심하였다. 극세포증, 유두종증, 이상각화증이 심할수록 유두부내의 비만세포의 수는 증가하였다(p<0.01). 3. 유두상 진피내의 비만세포의 수는 성숙병변에서 초기병변보다 증가하였다. 이상의 소견으로 미루어 비만세포는 건선병변 형성에 직접 관여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.145-161
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• 1999

The proto-oncogene bcl-2 confers a survival advantage to cells by blocking programmed cell death (apoptosis). Overexpression of bcl-2 probably plays a role in tumorigenesis, and the expression of the bcl-2 protein has been investigated in many kinds of tumors. An increased expression of nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) has been observed in human colon cancer cell lines as well as in human gynecological, breast, and CNS tumors. However there have been only a few reports on the expression of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ in oral white lesions and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of Bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ and several pathological parameters such as histological types and layers. We reported desregulation of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ expression during progression from oral white lesion, lichen planus and leukoplakia to squamous cell carcinoma. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies to bcl-2 oncoprotein and $NOS_2$ in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections revealed that bcl-2 expression is restricted to the basal cell layer and $NOS_2$ was mild expressed only in subepithelial inflammatory cells in normal human mucosa. There wasn't specific finding of those in lichen planus and leukoplakia. 2. Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in severe epithelial dysplasia or CIS occurs throughout the epithelium, $NOS_2$ reactivity in most superficial layer were noted. 3. In well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, mostly bcl-2 was overexpressed. In moderated and poor squamous cell carcinomas, the expression of $NOS_2$ was increased and that of bcl-2 was decreased. 4. The immunoreactivity of bcl-2 was 12.5% of normal mucosa, 30% of leukoplakia, 44% of lichen planus and 67% of carcinoma in situ. In carcinoma, those were 43%, 50% and 67% according to differentiation, respectively. 5. The immunoreactivity of $NOS_2$ was 25% of normal mucosa, 70% of leukoplakia, 78% of lichen planus and 100% of carcinoma in situ and epithelial dysplasia. In carcinoma, those were higher in moderated(100%) and poor(83%) squamous cell carcinomas than in well differentiated type(71%). 6. The expression of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ by Western blot was increased highly in lichen planus and leukoplakia. Therefore, the expression of bcl-2 was increased in the white and precancerous lesions and that was decreased by differentiation of carcinoma. However, $NOS_2$ immunoreactivity in carcinoma in situ was lower than those in moderated and poor squamous cell. These findings suggest that the interaction of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ may be roled importantly in growth and development of carcinoma.