• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.363-375
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of obesity management program in food attitude and food habit, body composition(body fat ratio, body fat weight, lean body mass, total body water), abdominal girth(waist, hip, thigh), and serum lipid level(cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, phospholipid, NE fatty acid, high density lipoprotein) of middle aged women. Data for the study were collected from July 4 to August 25, 2000. The study objects were 20 middle aged women(10 controls and 10 experimental objects) from 40 to 50 years old who had body fat ratio more than $30\%$ and waist girth more than 80cm. The results were as follows: 1. Similarity test between experimental group and control group processed by serum HDL level showed the significant difference(t=3.25, p=0.004), but that processed by age, body weight, body fat ratio, body fat weight, lean body mass, total body water, waist girth, hip girth, thigh girth, cholesterol level, LDL level, triglyceride level, NE fatty acid level, food attitude and food habit score showed no significant difference(p>0.05). These findings imply that the two groups are similar in the sample distribution. 2. The effects of the abdominal obesity management program The obtained results indicate that the abdominal obesity management program in middle aged women changes the food attitude & the food habit. decreases the body fat ratio & the body fat weight and increases the lean body mass, and decreases the girth of waist & hip and the serum level of cholesterol & LDL. Therefore, it is concluded that the abdominal obesity management program can be applied for nursing intervention to decrease the body fat weight and abdominal obesity.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2012

To find the differences between the real somatotype and the ideal somatotype, WHR(Waist to Hip Ratio), WCR(Waist to Chest Ratio), and body cathexis were analysed by using ANOVA test, Duncan's multiple range test, and $x^2$ test. Fashion image sought by female collegians was surveyed, too. The results were as follows. WHRs in slim, usual, fat body type were 0.75, 0.76, and 0.83 and WCRs were 0.77, 0.81, 0.80. The respondents who considered themselves to be overweight recognized themselves to be fatter than their real weight. They were not satisfied with their bust girth in slim body type, thighs and calves in usual body type, and all parts except for foot length, hand length and arm length in fat body type. 60% of the thin people considered their body hourglass shape, 30.4% of regular people recognized their body triangle type, 43.8% of fat people thought their body was round form. They thought current ideal body size was bigger in height and bust girth and smaller in waist girth and hip girth, and weight than real body size. Also they responded ideal body shape was an hourglass type independent of somatotype. The pursuit of clothing image was that 45.5% of female collegians were fashionable and raffine and 10.4% of female collegians was elegant and graceful. Among the body area, body parts that may have an effect on body image were body length in 13.1% of the respondents, waist girth in 10.7% of the respondents, and hip girth in 10.0% of the respondents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 1993

The present study was designed to find out the construction conditions of tight skirt for sale in relation to its brand, target age and length. The 15 tight skirts each from 3 brand groups(designer character, national and minor brand) of 2 target age groups(youth and middle age) and the 15 tight skirts each from 3 skirt length groups(mini, natural line and maxi) of only the minor brand-a total of the 120 tight skirts on the market-were measured. The data were analyzed with use of SAS package. The statistics were based on frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and linear regression analysis. The main results were as follows. 1. There were significant differences in the construction conditions of tight skirt according to its brand and target age. There was a significant difference particurarly in the difference between hip girth and hem girth according to brand target age. The difference between hip girth and hem girth of designer's character brand skirt was larger than that of national brand & minor brand skirt, and that of skirt targeting the youth was larger than that of skirt targeting the middle aged. 2. There were significant difference particurarly in the differences in the construction conditions of tight skirt according to its length. There was a significant difference particurarly in the difference between hip girth and he girth according to skirt length, and that of maxi skirt was larger than that of mini & natural line skirt. There was a good correlation between skirt length and slit length and between skirt length and skirt length above the slit. The longer the skirt length was, the longer the slit length and the skirt length above the slit were.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.5 s.207
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• pp.117-130
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• 2005

Western clothing is adjusted to the figures of the human body unlike Korean traditional clothes. For this adjustment, we need a method, known as dart, to reasonably adjust a wide circumference to curves of the human body. So far, there has been some research in the aspect of clothing engineering on how to decide darts of skirts or trousers, but no theoretical research has yet been conducted on how to decide the number and amount of dart, which has caused difficulties in beginners' understanding of dart. Futhermore, there is no consistent drawing method for the number and amount of darts in existing teaching and teaming materials. Therefore, to develop teaching and teaming methods for darts, this study identified the amount and number of darts for waist girth of 66-72cm and a hip girth of 86-102cm. When the difference between the waist girth and the hips girth, including margins, is above a minimum of 26cm, two darts can be designed, but when the difference is below 24cm, one dart is necessary. The amount of darts increases by 0.5cm for every 2cm increase of the hip girth to the waist girth. In addition, as darts become longer, the cutting of the waist line becomes smoother. For one, rather than two, darts the curve of the waist line is steeper. Based on the above results, it was assured that when belts are curved through adjustment to the waist line of skirts or slacks, their composition can be stable. Therefore, in basic teaching about slacks and skirts, the number and amount of the darts should be designed according to the difference between the girths of the waist and the hip. This difference should be a minimum of 24cm, but if it is below 24cm, the number of darts needed is one.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to provide total data of real body-type and self-evaluation about it. The subjects were 614 middle-aged women between 35 and 59 years old. Data were collected through measurement and a questionnaire survey on self-evaluation. The results of self-evaluation of body are as follows; 1. As the result of the recognition degree analysis, people consider themselves thicker, shorter or smaller than what they really we, regardless of ages and types. In addition, the women of younger group rather than the women of older group consider themselves bigger/thicker and shorter than what they really are. They think that the items of waist girth, abdominal girth, hip girth, upper arm girth. and thigh girth are thicker than the other items, however, among girth items the size of bust girth is smaller than the other items. The women of the late middle-aged group consider their somatotype thicker/bigger and shorter than the women of the early middle-aged group do. 2. As the result of body cathexis for each part, women in general rum out themselves not to be satisfied with their body parts, regardless of ages and types. Particularly, they are not satisfied with abdominal girth, weight, hip girth. According to the age bracket, the women in the older group are more satisfied than the women of younger group in terms of their body. According to somatotype, women in tall and slim groups are more satisfied with their body. The women of the early middle-aged group turn out not to be satisfied with girth items while the women of the late middle-aged group are not satisfied with length items.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.151-163
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• 1981

This study was to investigate the changes of shape of the surface square measurements, the rate, measurements of expansion and contraction and correlation. In this study was found the following: 1. According to the developmental illustration of the shell it was revealed that there was a great change in the thigh area of the body. When the leg was raised and the waist bent forward the front sections of the abdomen were contracted and the center back of the hip was expanded. 2. It was found that the contraction was present in the girth of the back section and front section was expanded in the rate of the body surface. In the length from the middle waist to hip the front area showed a great deal of contraction the back area of the hip & thigh revealed a great deal of expansion. 3. By the somatometry, the measurements of the expansion and contraction of the body surface, there was a great change in waist and hip. It revealed that the maximum expansions of waist and hip line in the chair were 1.8cm and 4.08cm respectively. Therefor, when slacks are made at least the amount of ease of 1.8cm of waist line and 4cm of hip line must be made and the allowance of the center back of hip area must be made. 4. It revealed that there was a correlation between waist and hip girth.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.347-356
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the sizing system and size designation of ready-made jackets for women. We survey the sizing system and size labeling that have been used and presently practiced by the domestic garment industry of ready-made woman's jacket. In addition, 264 tailored jackets are measured for the sake of this study. The jackets are classified into 3 groups(young, missy, and madame) according to the target age of the brand. The result shows that size labeling involves body measurements(85-94-160), size code(55, 66) or simplified letter(S, M, L). However, the correspondence of size information and ease tolerances of jackets is not consistent and each company has its own sizing system. There are significant differences among young, missy, and madame group on the bust girth of apparel in 66size code. The average apparel size piteh measurement distributions(bust girth and hip girth respectively) of young group are 9cm and 13cm in 55 size code, those of missy group are 7 em and 3 cm in 66 size code, and those of madame group are 6cm and 4cm in 77 size code. The ease of bust girth and hip girth in missy group are much more than other groups.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.35-50
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the result of a market research on men's jacket in their age of 25 to 35, who wear fitted jackets most, and to examine the comparative analysis of pattern and the wearing evaluation between classic jacket and fitted jacket. The results are as follows; Firstly, according to the results of a market research, 32.0% of the target owned fitted jackets, and 28.7% expressed their desire to buy only fitted jackets. This means their concern and preference for fitted jacket with which they could show up young, fresh and slim look are as high as those for classic jacket. Secondly, classic jacket showed the higher value than fitted jacket in such items as chest girth, waist girth, hip girth, sleeve's hem girth, jacket length, shoulder length, side seam length, and across shoulder point length. On the other hand, fitted jacket showed the higher value than classic jacket in back armhole length, front length, collar point length and sleeve's vent length. Thirdly, classic jacket was larger than fitted jacket in 1/2 chest girth(1.0cm), 1/2 waist girth(2.0cm), 1/2 hip girth(1.0cm), back width(0.5cm), front width(0.5cm) and side width(1.0cm). However, fitted jacket was higher than classic jacket in the armhole depth(0.5). Fourthly, the results of appearance evaluation revealed that there was a significant difference in 6 items. In other words, classic jacket was evaluated more appropriate than fitted jacket in such items as back width, back length, back neck depth, chest girth, waist girth and hip girth. And the fitted jacket had a higher value than the classic jacket in shoulder angle item. Fifthly, In the functional evaluation, fitted jacket was evaluated more uncomfortable than classic jacket. And this means that fitted jacket doesn't have a proper ease amount in each part and it has a high armhole depth compared to classic jacket. Therefore, for more comfortable patternmaking of fitted jackets, it would be required a pattern design which reflect men's own shoulder lines and women designers' flexibility that will satisfy both appearance and function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.3 s.162
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• pp.463-474
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• 2007

With rapid expansion in e-retailing of apparel business, personalized fitting model service shows the possibility as the differentiated marketing strategy in cyber shopping. According as necessity of personalized fitting model construction rises, it is tried personalized fitting model creation in several fields such as computer engineering, mechanical engineering, information engineering. But, because existent study was concentrated only on human body modeling, it does not reflect average morphological characteristics of human body properly. In this study, we wish to examine if morphing is fit for expressing characteristic of average human body shape and suggest desirable morphing. We used 3-D scan data of 254 Korean middle aged men collected by Size Korea 2004. The result of this study are as follows: Lower body types were categorized by height hip girth and lower drop(hip girth-navel girth) which were main factors of lower body shape. Then each factor was divided into 3 groups respectively, 30% in the middle, over 30%, under 30%. In 27 groups, the group which belonged to 30% in the middle of height, 30% in the middle of hip girth, 30% in the middle of lower drop was selected as a representative group. We tested geometrical figure by differ volume, tilt, position of point. And we created a representative type of men's lower bodies by morphing the representative group and analyzed it's horizontal, vertical sections. A representative type which was created by morphing reflected a real body and changed realistically at the part of hip, crotch, calf muscle and so on. A cross sections of a representative type were similar to average cross sections of the representative group in size and shape. So it was proved that morphing was successful.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.47
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• pp.61-72
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• 1999

For the establishment of ready made Hanbok for the people in their 20's this study aims to develope Bagi-chogori pattern that revives the esthetic quality of the traditional Hanbok as well as comfortably fit the body. Direct method was used in Measuring the 33 parts of men which was selected as items needed for the analysis of the body and the development of patterns. In accordance with the body measurement and the analysis of the result the bust girth and height which has interrelation was chosen as the standard size for the development of pattern. Men's Baji-chogori(Korean traditional Jacket and Pants) which doesn't request fitness for instance we drew out a cross table by giving 5cm intervals each for breast waist hip girth and height. Size system of Baji-chogori was 4 steps. 1st was bust 95cm height 165cm 2nd was bust girth 95cm height 170cm 3rd was bust girth 100cm height 175cm and the 4th was bust girth 105cm height 180cm. In the case of Men the grouping of bodies was attempted by concentrating on the difference of the drop amount(Bust girth to hip girth), However 90% of men in their 20's showed a silhouette of an inverted triangle. Therefore attempt for an additional grouping wasn's Only calculation concerning the ease amount of items such as bust which and length was considered to enhance the silhouette of Hanbok when worn. Men's body for instance have a tendency to change to a rectangular shape as they get older. specially the abdominal girth trend to increase greatly. So study and development of pattern should be made for all age groups.