• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2009

환아는 4개월부터 직장 탈출증과 심한 변비를 보였으며, 9개월에 질로부터 대변이 배출되는 증상을 나타냈으나 검사상 우측 이상 형성 콩팥 및 이소성 요관 이외 특이 소견이 없어 경과 관찰을 시행하였다. 16개월에 전신 마취하에 이학적 검사를 시행하여 누공을 확인하였고 이를 통한 대장 조영술에서 직장 중복증을 진단하여 수술을 시행하였다. 수술 시야에서 직장부터 횡행 결장에 이르는 관형의 뒤창자 중복을 확인하고, 직장-질 누공을 분리하고 결장 및 직장에는 중격절개술을 시행하였으며, 동반된 기형인 이소성 요관과 무기능 우측 신장은 절제하였다. 환아는 수술 후 3년간 잘 지내고 있다. 직장-질 누공을 동반한 관형의 뒤창자 중복은 매우 드문 선천성 기형으로 저자들의 경험을 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.692-699
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• 2019

Elizabethkingia miricola BM10, a symbiotic bacterium, has been isolated from the hindgut of Reticulitermes speratus KMT001, a termite which occurs on Bukhan Mountain in Seoul, Korea. This strain demonstrated a symbiotic characteristic, in that it lacked endo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase activity, in a previous study. The major fatty acids of E. miricola BM10 were iso-$C_{15:0}$, iso-$C_{17:0}$ 3-OH, and summed feature 3 (iso-$C_{16:1}{\omega}7c/C_{16:1}{\omega}6c$). The content of iso-$C_{17:0}$ 3-OH was higher, while those of ECL 13.566, iso-$C_{17:11}{\omega}9c$, and summed feature 4 were lower than the other three type-strains of the Elizabethkingia genus. The 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis confirmed that E. miricola BM10 is a new species. The whole genome of E. miricola BM10 was sequenced. The average nucleotide identity of strain BM10 as evaluated by pairwise comparison with E. anophelis R26, E. meningoseptica ATCC 13253, and E. miricola GTC 862 was shown to be 91.5%, 81.2%, and 94.29%, respectively. Based on our study results, E. miricola BM10 appears to represent a new strain of the genus Elizabethkingia.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2017

Background: Use of prebiotics in companion animal nutrition is often considered advantageous over probiotics because of the ease of handling, ability to withstand processing and storage etc. While most of the studies on prebiotic use in dogs have been done with processed food as basal diet, the response in relation to homemade diet feeding is not very well explored. Methods: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on nutrient digestibility, hindgut fermentation, immune response and antioxidant indices in dogs. Ten Spitz pups were divided into two groups: control (CON) with no supplementation, and experimental (MOS) wherein the basal diet was supplemented with MOS at 15 g/kg diet. All dogs were fed on a home-prepared diet for a period of 150 days. The study protocol included a digestion trial, periodic blood collection and analysis for lipid profile and erythrocytic antioxidants. Immune response of the animals was assessed towards the end of the feeding period. Results: Results revealed no significant (P > 0.05) variations in palatability score, intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients between the groups. Faecal score, faeces voided, faecal pH, concentrations of ammonia, lactate and short-chain fatty acids were comparable (P > 0.05) between the two groups. Cell-mediated immune response, assessed as delayed-type of hypersensitivity response, was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the MOS group. The percent of lymphocyte sub-populations CD4+ and ratio of CD4+:CD8+ were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in MOS group. The serum IgG levels were similar (P > 0.05) in both the groups. Supplementation of MOS lowered (P < 0.05) serum total- and LDL- cholesterol levels, when compared with the control group. The erythrocytic antioxidant indices were similar (P > 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusions: The results indicated that supplementation of MOS at the rate of 15 g/kg in the diet of dog augmented the cell-mediated immune response and serum lipid profile without any influences on digestibility of nutrients, hindgut fermentation and antioxidants indices.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.44-59
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• 1985

The epithelium of the hindgut in the german cockroach, Blattella germanica Linne, was observed with electron microscope. The epithelium of the ileum, which is located at the anterior hindgut, is composed of a single layer of squamous and cuboidal cells. The liminal surface of the epithelium is lined with the cuticular intima. The epithelial cells contain cell organelles expected to be found in absorptive cells, and some epithelial cells have numerous lamelated crystals, the "spherites". The rectal epithelium of posterior hindgut is composed of rectal pads which are covered with cuticular intima on the luminal side. The rectal pads are composed of columnar absorptive cells and basal cells. The apical plasma membrane of columnar cell is made of microvilli, where mitochondria associated with some of the microvilli. The lateral plasma membrane is highly infolded and space is an uniform width of approximately 200$\\AA$. Well developed mitochondria are found closely associated with the infoldings and this is referred to as the "mitochondrial-scalariform complex". A septate junction is found near the apical zone between the columnar absorptive cells, whereas many desmosomes and intercellular spaces are formed between the columnar cells. Basal cells are bowl-shaped where the convex surface is inlaid into the basal surface of the columnar cells while the concave surface faces the basal lamina. The cytoplasm of the basal cell is electron dense and contains well developed cell organelles. The basal sheath is located between the basal membrane and basal lamina, providing barrier between the epithelium and the hemolymph. The epithelium is surrounded by the subepithelial space and muscles. The subepithelial space, which is composed of fibrous connective tissue, is innervated by many tracheoles and axons.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.98-98
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• 2003

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2004

Intestinal duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. The diagnostic approach is difficult because of the differences in its location and clinical presentation. To evaluate the diagnostic as well as the therapeutic approaches in children, the medical records of 20 patients with intestinal duplications which had been operated upon from July 1980 to October 2002 were analyzed, retrospectively. The range of age was from 1 day to 11 years. The variables, such as age, sex, clinical presentation, diagnostic method, localization, anatomic type, treatment, complication, and combined anomalies were analyzed. Most of the cases were presented as incidental finding. The majority of the duplications except hindgut were cystic type. Treatment included segmental intestinal resection, excision of the lesion without intestinal resection, and septotomy. Seventy-five percent of the patients were detected before 1 year of age. The anatomic type of the lesion was closely related with its location. The cases of hindgut were almost always tubular type except 1 case. Clinical presentation was related to age, location, and anatomic type. There were no specific diagnostic methods. Perfect localization and application of appropriate operation are the most important requirements for successful treatment.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1985

In this study, the pathway and date of migrating Primordial germ cells (PGCs) were observed light microscopically and ultrastructural changes of them during migration were observed by electron microscopic examination. For these purpose, alkaline phosphatase reactions were used for identifying the PGCs and acid phosphatase reactions were used for observing their degenerating activities. Also, effects of actinomycin D on the migration of PGCs were examined. According to these results, at the 9th gestation day, PGCs were observed in the endodermal cells of yolk sac, at the 11th gestation day, they were seen in the hindgut and then entered into the dorsal mesentery by the 13th gestation day. At the 14th gestation day, they were located in the genital ridges. When PGCs were located in the hindgut and genital ridges, the positive reactions of alkaline phosphatase were dominated, but acid phosphatase reactions were limited in all stage except they were in dorsal mesentery. However, these reactions were lessened in case of actinomycin D treatment. By electron microscopic examination, PGCs had pseudopodia, tail process, trailing cytoplasm and nuage as the ultrastructural characteristics. In addition, these morphological features were damaged by actinomycin D treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1975-1984
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• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effects of body weight (BW) and fiber sources on nutrient digestibility, fiber fermentation and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in different intestinal segments of growing pigs fed high-fiber diets. Methods: Nine barrows with initial BW of 25.17±0.73 kg and 9 barrows with initial BW of 63.47±2.18 kg were allotted to a duplicate 9×2 Youden Square design with 3 dietary treatments and 2 periods. The dietary treatments were formulated with 3 different high-fiber ingredients: corn bran, sugar beet pulp, and soybean hulls, respectively. Each diet was fed to 3 barrows with different stage of BW in each period. Results: There were no differences in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of most nutrients between pigs at different BW stages. Pigs at 60 kg had greater (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and had greater (p<0.05) hindgut disappearance of IDF and cellulose than pigs at 25 kg. The acetate, propionate and total SCFA concentrations in ileal digesta and feces of pigs at 60 kg were greater (p<0.05) than those of pigs at 25 kg. In addition, fiber sources affected (p<0.05) the AID of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein, SDF and hemicellulose, the hindgut disappearance and ATTD of dietary fiber components, the lactate and propionate concentrations in ileal digesta and the butyrate, valerate and total SCFA concentrations in feces. There were interactions (p<0.05) between BW and fiber sources on the AID of GE, OM, EE, SDF, hemicellulose, the ATTD of EE, TDF, and IDF, and the hindgut disappearance of SDF and hemicellulose. Conclusion: Increasing BW mainly improved the digestibility of dietary fiber fractions, and the dietary fiber sources influenced the digestibility of almost all the dietary nutrients in growing pigs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.574-584
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• 2019

Objective: Research was conducted to test the effect of including fiber-rich feedstuffs in practical pig diets on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and ammonia emissions from slurry. Methods: Three Vietnamese fiber sources were screened, namely cassava leaf meal (CL), cassava root residue (CR), and tofu by-product (TF). Accordingly, a control diet (Con) with 10% of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and three test diets including one of the three fiber-rich feedstuffs to reach 15% of NSP were formulated. All formulated diets had the same level of crude protein (CP), in vitro ileal protein digestible and metabolisable energy, whereas the in vitro hindgut volatile fatty acid (VFA) production of the test diets was 12% to 20% higher than the control diet. Forty growing barrows with initial body weight at $28.6{\pm}1.93kg$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation) were allocated to the four treatments. When pigs reached about 50 kg of body weight, four pigs from each treatment were used for a nitrogen balance trial and ammonia emission assessment, the remaining six pigs continued the second period of the feeding trial. Results: The TF treatment increased fecal VFA by 33% as compared with the control treatment (p = 0.07), suggesting stimulation of the hindgut fermentation. However, urinary N was not significantly reduced or shifted to fecal N, nor was slurry pH decreased. Accordingly, ammonia emissions were not mitigated. CR and CL treatments failed to enhance in vivo hindgut fermentation, as assessed by fecal VFA and purine bases. On the contrary, the reduction of CP digestibility in the CL treatment enhanced ammonia emissions from slurry. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of cassava and tofu byproducts through an increase of dietary NSP from 10% to 15% might stimulate fecal VFA excretion but this does not guarantee a reduction in ammonia emissions from slurry, while its interaction with protein digestibility even might enhance enhanced ammonia emission.