• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify relationships between a central angle and a radius of curvature of divided roads in flat terrain of traditional villages, suggesting layout criteria for traditional villages: Nak-an, Sung-Eup, Ha-Whe. This study is sought to find the optimum model through the various SAS regression analyses. a regression analysis of this data was adopted to induce the relationship formula between a central angle of curve and a radius of curvature. Results of this study are as follows: 1) Most of the divided roads in traditional villages have a complex curve rather than a simple curve. 2) A central angle of curve has ranged from 11$^{\circ}$to 127$^{\circ}$, with a mean degree of 63.9. 3) In the lower level of central angle(11-40$^{\circ}$), the branch roads have distributed with a high frequency, but with a low frequency in the higher level of central angle(90-140$^{\circ}$). 4) A radius of curvature in the divided roads has ranged from 0.9m to 59.6, but half of the roads have concentrated on 1-6m of the curvature. 5) Compared to the result of hilly villages in previous study(Ahn, 1999), value of central angels in flat villages is lower than that of hilly villages, while a mean value of the curvature is higher than that of hilly villages. 6) A Non-linear regression analysis, resulting from the SAS application, was useful method to induce a relationship formula between a central angle and a radius of curvature in the branch roads. Our study's formula is as follow: R=100.3*EXP(-0.06*$\delta$)+3.91. 7) Our study model has less error than that of the Kishizuka's method, being applicable to a broader range of the branch roads. 8) A minimum radius of curvature in our study has showed 3.9m, suggesting to reconsider applications of the Kishizuka's(5.8m) in the footpass design, In the study for this presupposition model the efficiency and utility of it can be estimated to grow large according to how much and how far it includes both extremes of data. This study is for the application to a design in future through the numerical formula of divided roads of various traditional villages. The studies from now on will be about the quasi-hilly quasi-hilly village and hilly village supplementing these factors more.

• 한국농림기상학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농림기상학회 2016년도 추계 학술발표논문집
• /
• pp.6-10
• /
• 2016

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.219-232
• /
• 2014

The characteristics of turbulent boundary layers over hilly terrain depend strongly on the hill slope and upstream condition, especially inflow turbulence. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the neutrally stratified turbulent boundary layer over two-dimensional hills. Two kinds of hill shape, a steep one with stable separation and a low one without stable separation, two kinds of inflow condition, laminar turbulent, are considered. An auxiliary simulation, based on the local differential quadrature method and recycling technique, is performed to simulate the inflow turbulence be imposed at inlet boundary of the turbulent inflow, which preserves very well in the computational domain. A large separation bubble is established on the leeside of the steep hill with laminar inflow, while reattachment point moves upstream under turbulent inflow condition. There is stable separation on the side of low hill with laminar inflow, whilw not turbulent inflow. Besides increase of turbulence intensity, inflow can efficiently enhance the speedup around hills. So in practice, it is unreasonable to study wind flow over hilly terrain without considering inflow turbulence.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.459-472
• /
• 1996

An experimental investigation on the wind flow over smooth bell-shaped two-dimensional hills with hill slopes (the ratio of height to half width) of 0.3 and 0.5 is performed in an atmospheric boundary-layer wind tunnel. Two categories of the models are used in the present investigation; six two-dimensional single-hills, and four continuous double-hills. The measurements of the flow field and surface static-pressure distribution are carried out over the Reynolds number (based on the hill height) of 1.9 $\times 10^4, 3.3 \times 10^4, and 5.6 \times 10^4$. The velocity profiles and turbulence characteristics are measured by the pitot-tube and X-type hot-wire anemometer, respectively. The undisturbed boundary-layer profile on the bottom surface of the wind tunnel is reasonably consistent with the power-law profile with $\alpha = 7.0 (1/\alpha$ is the power-law exponent) and shows good spanwise uniformities. The profiles of turbulent intensity are found to be consistent along the centerline of the wind tunnel. The measured non-dimensional speed-up profiles at the hill crest show good agreements with the predictions of Jackson and Hunt's linear theory. The flow separation occurs in the hill slope of 0.5, and the oil-ink dot method is used to find the reattachment points in the leeside of the hill. The measured reattachment points are compared with the numerical predictions. Comparisons of the mean velocity profiles and surface pressure distributions between the numerical predictions and the experimental results show good agreements.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 1993

본 연구는 강원도 춘천군에 위치한 임업진흥촉진지역 21,417ha를 대상으로 10개의 지형특성치를 이용, 집락분석과 주성분분석에 의하여 임지를 구분함과 동시에 판별분석에 의하여 임지구분에 영향을 미치는 최소한의 변수를 검토하여, 실질적으로 기계화 집재작업을 위한 작업기종의 선정에 정확한 지형정보를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 고성단지는 총면적 2,252ha로 중에서 57%가 완지형으로 분류되어 트랙터형 집재가 적합하고 43%가 급지형으로 중거리 가선집재형이 적합함을 보여 주었다. 2) 가정단지(2,306ha)와 광판단지(2,627ha)는 각각 65%와 67%가 급지형으로 분류되어 대개 중거리 가선형의 집재가 적합하고, 나머지 35%와 33%가 트랙터형 집재가 적합한 완지형으로 나타났다. 3) 지암단지(4,519ha)는 대부분의 지역이 급지형으로 분류되어 중거리 가선형이 적합하였다. 4) 군자단지(3,400ha), 수동단지(3,894ha), 신포단지(2,430ha)는 총면적중에서 각각 85%, 75%, 75%가 급지형으로 분류되어 중거리 가선집재형이 적합함을 보여 주었다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국대기환경학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.279-280
• /
• 2002

본 연구에서는 라그랑지안 확산모델(LDM; Lagrangian dispersion model)을 이용하여 평지 및 언덕지형에서의 연기확산을 수치모사하였다. 수치예측의 검증을 위하여 평지지형의 경우는 풍동실험 결과와 비교하고 언덕지형의 경우는 오일러리안 확산모델(EDM; Eulerian dispersion model)의 모사결과와 비교함으로써 언덕지형에서 오염물질의 확산특성을 연구하였다. (중략)

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.219-229
• /
• 1996

육상 이동통신의 서비스 범위 예측에 가장 기본이 되는 전송 손실 계산 방식은 그 적용범위 및 모델도출 방법에 따라 많은 발전을 거듭하여 왔다. 그러나, 전파는 이것이 지나가는 환경, 즉 빌딩의 특성이나, 나무, 그리고 지형형태 등에 의해 너무나 많은 영향을 받으므로 미국,일본 동 외국의 환경에서 만들어져 국내에 도입된 전파 예측모델들은 우리나라의 실정에 적합하지 않는 점이 많다. 본 논문에서는 국내 지형을 분석하여 그 특성에 따라 여섯가지의 종류로 분류하고 각각에 해당하는 국내 지역을 선정하여 무선호출 주파수 대역에서 전계강도 측정을 수행하였다. 또한, 이 측정 데이타를 이용한 실험식과 함께 산악지역에서의 회절 계산식을 포함하여 가시거리 및 비가시거리를 구분하여 전계강도를 계산하는 예측모델을 만들었다. 제안된 모델을 국내 지형 데이타 베이스와 연결하여 전계강도 예측을 수행한 값과 실측된 데이타와 비교한 결과, 최소 3dB에서 최고 9dB 정도로 오차가 나타났으므로 실용성이 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2014

Many Korean university campuses are located on hilly terrain where the hierarchy of the path system is unclear. Therefore, it is difficult to analyze the pedestrian network through space syntax, in which only horizontal direction changes are considered as depths of space. The purpose of this study is to compare pedestrian movement patterns and space syntax analysis in order to find their relevance to each other and the relationship between them. We conducted a survey regarding the most-visited buildings and pathways at S-University, which is located on a hilly area in Seoul. The survey results were compared with the Space Syntax integration map by regression analysis. For the segments where the relationship between pedestrian volume and integration was weak, field observations were conducted. As a result, topographical aspects, functional aspects, and location aspects were observed as the main influential factors. In addition, the research proposes that adding an extra axial line per vertical directional change can potentially compensate for the low relevance of stairs. This study suggests the possibility and the necessity of three-dimensional space syntax programs and emphasizes the importance of campus planning for the pedestrian environment.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.256-262
• /
• 2021

In order for small electric vehicles to drive on hilly roads in Korea, methods to improve the climbing ability and power performance of vehicles should be taken. In order to improve the power performance of small electric vehicles, the performance of motors mounted on electric vehicles should be improved. However, if the performance of the motor is improved to improve the power performance of the electric vehicle, it is possible to lower the price competitiveness accordingly. In addition, the power consumption of the battery is rapidly increased to drive the high-performance motor, so in order to introduce the small electric vehicle into the domestic market, various problems must be overcome. In order to commercialize small electric vehicles that do not emit harmful exhaust gases to the human body in the hilly domestic terrain, it is effective to introduce a separate continuously variable transmission system that can improve the climbing ability and power transmission ability. In this study, we propose a proprietary model of continuously variable transmissions that can be applied to small electric vehicles. The proposed continuously variable transmission is equipped with a spring in the driving pulley and the driven pulley, and has the advantage of performing a shift that increases torque in a situation where the vehicle needs to increase torque when driving on a hill. In addition, the basic design for commercialization of the proposed continuously variable transmission was carried out, and the prototype manufactured and attached to the body of a small electric vehicle.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.407-418
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 한국의 주요 개발사업에서의 지형변화지표를 분석하고, 지형 변화 지표 사이의 상관관계를 분석하여 각 입지유형과 경사유형에 따른 기반 지형변화지표를 도출하였다. 이를 통해 미래 개발사업에 있어서 토지 이용 및 조성의 효율성을 높이며 환경에 대한 영향을 최소화하는 지속 가능한 개발 방향으로 기여하고자 한다. 또한, 연구 결과를 실제 현장에 적용하기 위해 국내 지형 관련 규정을 조사하고 해당 규정과 연구 분석 결과 간의 부합성과 활용 가능성에 대해 논의하였다. 이를 토대로, 향후 연구에 있어서 보다 정확하고 유용한 지형변화 지표의 활용을 위한 방안을 탐구하고자 한다. 결과적으로, 관광단지개발사업에서는 평지, 구릉지, 산지 순으로 지형변화가 주로 이루어지며, 구릉지와 산지에서의 지형변화도 평지에 비해 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 산업단지 조성사업에서는 급경사지(20°-30°)와 험준지(30°-40°), 도시개발 사업에서는 경사지(15°-20°), 체육시설 조성사업에서는 경사지와 급경사지, 관광단지 조성사업에서는 경사지(15°-20°)와 급경사지(20°-30°)에서의 지형변화지표 평균이 다른 경사도에 비해 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 연구 결과는 앞으로 국내 개발 사업에서 지형 훼손을 최소화하는 전략을 개발하는 데 기여할 수 있으며, 환경 영향 평가를 수행할 때 필요한 참고 자료로 활용될 수 있다.