• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2000

'98년과 '99년의 집중 호우시 침관수 피해지역과 태풍 피해지역을 대상으로 벼 생육 실태를 조사한 결과, 벼 감수분열기 토시유입에 의해 지상부의 10%이상이 매몰되면 출수가 지연 되고 고위분얼이 발생하며 등숙비율이 불량해져 수량이 감소하였다. 출수후 탁수가 관수되어 이삭에 흙앙금이 부착되면 등숙비율과 정현비율이 낮아져 수량이 감소하였는데, 흙앙금으로 인한 피해는 등숙이 진전될수록 경감하였으며, 베노밀과 다코닐 처리에 의해 피해가 경감되었다. 벼 도복후 7일정도 경과하면 대부분의 벼 품종은 수발아가 발생하고, 수발아 정도는 조생종>중생종>중만생종의 순이었다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2011

Objectives: Alcohol problems of parents have an influence on not only their psychological problems but also on their children's psychosocial adaptation. The purpose of this study was to compare the emotional and behavioral problems, including school bullying and social skills, between children of alcoholics (COAs) and children of non-alcoholics (non-COAs). Methods: We recruited $4^{th}$ grade children (n=741) from 7 primary schools in Seoul and their parents as subjects. The self-rated psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Korean version of the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST-K), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), the Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale (RSES), the School Bullying Scale, the Social Skill Rating Scale and the Korean version of Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire-Adolescent (AEQ-A). The Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (ARS) was completed by the parents. Results: 518 children were non-COAs and 223 were COAs. The COAs showed higher CDI and ARS-IV scores and lower RSES scores than the non-COAs. Especially, the COAs also showed higher school bullying scale scores and lower cooperative scale scores on the social skill rating scales. But there was no difference of alcohol expectancy between the COAs and non-COAs. Conclusion: It was plausible that the COAs had more behavioral & psychosocial problems than the non-COAs among the school aged children. It is important to identify and intervene to solve the problems of peer relationships of school age COAs in order to prevent victimization by bullying and to improve psychosocial adaptation.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2020

노후 지방도 급경사지 도로구간의 지하수 등으로 인한 토립자 유출 및 침하가 발생하여 도로 통행에 대하여 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 통행 중인 구간을 최대한 보존하며 시공성을 고려한 저유동성 몰탈형 주입공법 그라우팅 기술이 선정되었다. 특히, 공사 중 과도한 주입압력에 의한 도로하부의 수압파쇄, 급경사지의 토립자 유출 및 도로의 융기 등의 피해가 발생할 우려가 있어 기존 일반적인 저유동성 공법을 새롭게 개선하여 적용하였다. 본 연구는 ◯◯도 ◯◯군에서 발주한 ◯◯고개지구 급경사지 붕괴 위험지역 정비공사로 도로 지반 보강공사 현장에서 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 개선된 저유동성 몰탈형 그라우팅공법은 새로운 자동화그라우팅 관리시스템을 적용하였으며 특히, 고압조건 예비그라우팅시험에 의한 그라우팅 시공조건 결정 및 개선된 자동화 그라우팅 시스템을 이용한 주입시공 기술을 포함하며, 또한, 개선된 기술의 주입효과평가를 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 개선된 저유동성 몰탈형 그라우팅공법의 적용으로 노후 도로 침하, 건축물 및 토목 구조물의 부등침하 방지 및 지하수 유출 구간에 대한 토립자 유출 방지 등 도로 유지관리 공사 시 원활하게 운영할 수 있는 근거를 마련할 수 있었다. 또한, 향후 노후 도로 침하방지 그라우팅 공사뿐만 아니라 다양한 건축물 및 토목구조물(철도, 지하철, 교량, 지하구조물, 전석 및 석회석 공동구 등) 그라우팅 공사에 적용될 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 1982

The binders introduced in Korea were originally designed to be used for Japonica-type varieties which have relatively long stem and are highly resistant to shattering. In order to use it for Tongil varieties which are short and easy to be shattered, mechanical modifications are necessary to reduce a grain loss incurred during binder operation. This study was intended to investigate analytically and experimentally the major sources of grain losses caused by three kinds of binders now introduced in Korea. Actual modification for each of three binders was done and experimentally compared to see if any improvement on grain loss was achieved. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows; 1. It was required that the power transmission of binder should have a shifting mechanism so that velocities of pick-up and traveling units could be changed independently as desired according to the Japonica-type and Tongil varieties. In other words, the desired velocity of traveling unit should be obtained by shifting the transmission and the velocity of pick-up unit should be selected by reaping clutch according to the variety independent of the velocity of traveling unit as shown in Fig. 6. 2. To reduce grain loss it was desired that the moving parts of the pick-up unit should have the lowest possible velocities in harvesting Tongil varieties, unless the reduction of the speed be hindered the conveyance of the material. Based on the study, it was concluded that the velocities of pick-up unit be reduced by about 35% of those of the existing units. 3. It was found that the lug at the upper rotating section of pick-up case gave a severe impact on the ears of rice to increase grain loss. The optimum design of pick-up case to protect the ears from the protruding part of the lug was recommended by the result of analysis of the trajectory of the end-point of lug at the position. 4. It was proved analytically and experimentally that pick-up unit at the lower-rotating part was the other important source of grain loss in pick-up and divider assembly. In order to reduce a grain loss incurred by lugs at their lower-rotating section, it was suggested to improve it by (1) widening the space between right and left lower-rotating section, (2) shortening the length of lugs, (3) enlargement of the angle between the pick-up case and ground-level, and (4) attaching guard to right and left dividers so that the rotating lug could not give a high impact to the paddy hill. 5. Pick-up and divider assembly of the original binder of three models studied was modified according to the suggestions that were given by the preliminary study. Field test showed that the modified binders were able to reduce grain losses by about 0.4-0.7 percentage points compared to those without modification.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.207-207
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• 2017

The proso millet is vulnerable to lodging due to high plant height and shallow root. A lodging results in a hard mechanical harvesting and yield loss. One of solutions on this problem is inhibition of internode elongation. The objective of this study was to set up use time and dose of prohexadium-calcium, is growth inhibitor. The experimental variety was Ibaekchal. The experiment design was a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments were as follow: Main-plots were 25 and 35 day after sowing(DAS) as use time and sub-plots were 0%, 50%, 100%(diluted solution of 1000 times, $1000{\ell}\;ha^{-1}$), 150% as dose. The amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilization were 90, 70, $80kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The size of high ridge and plant spacing were $90{\times}30cm$ and $60{\times}15cm$, respectively. Proso millet was sown on June 9, 2016 by hands and was adjusted at 2 plant per hill. The growth survey of vegetative growth stage was conducted at 1 day before treatment and with one week interval after treatment. Data were collected: (1) grain yield: weight of grain in $kg\;ha^{-1}$, (2) 1000 grain weight: average weight of 1000 grain, (3) plant height: distance from soil to top of panicle or leaf in cm, (4) ear length: distance from top of stem to top of ear in cm, (5) stem diameter: diameter of second internode (6) degree of lodging: percentage of lodging area, etc. Analyses of variance were performed using R version 3.3.1(https://www. r- project. org). The Duncan's multiple range test(DMR) was used to separate treatment means at P < 0.05. There was a significant difference in plant height and number of stem among the use time and dose of prohexadium-calcium during vegetative growth stage. At 25 DAS, the difference with no treatment increased until 25 day after treatment and decreased since then. The difference in number of stem increased until 18 day and decreased since 25 day. At 35 DAS, the difference with no treatment in plant height and number of stem increased until 22 day after treatment and decreased since then. We assumed that the effect of prohexadium-calcium was inhibition of internode elongation and promotion of tillering, continued untel 25day after treatment. At 25 DAS, the degree of lodging deceased to 100%, 30%, 10% and 0% as dose increased. At 35 DAS, the degree of lodging decreased to 100%, 20%, 0% and 0% as dose increased. At 25 DAS, the yield was 2910, 2710, 3190, $2310kg\;ha^{-1}$ among dose. At 35 DAS, the yield was 2750, 2630, 2220, $2050kg\;ha^{-1}$. We recommend that the optimum use time and dose of prohexadium-calcium for proso millet is 1000 times diluted solution of $1000{\ell}$ per ha at 25 day after sowing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.515-523
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the variability in broiler performance, apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and ileal digestible energy (IDE) between five different maize samples fed with and without xylanase at 16,000 U/kg. Various in vitro characterisations were conducted to determine if any could predict performance or AME. Samples of the maize were harvested in five diverse regions and fed individually in a mash diet as follows (g/kg): test maize 608.3; soya bean meal (SBM) 324.1; poultry fat 25.2; salt 4.6; met 2.6; lys 1.6; thr 0.5; limestone 9.7, dical 18.4; vit/min 5.0; CP 210 and ME (kcal/kg) 3,085. The diets were fed to 720 broilers with 6 replicates, each containing 12 birds per treatment, from 0 to 18 d of age. Maize samples were analysed for starch, protein, crude fibre, fat, protein solubility index (PSI) and vitreousness using near infra red reflectance spectroscopy (NIR). They were also assayed using an in vitro starch digestibility method. The results showed that there was no effect of harvest region on the feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the broilers over the 18 d period (p = 0.959, 0.926, 0.819 respectively). There was an improvement in all parameters with the addition of xylanase (FI p = 0.011; BWG and FCR p<0.001). There was a significant positive effect of xylanase on IDE, AME, IDE Intake (IDEI) and AME intake (AMEI) (p<0.0001 in all cases). Although there was no significant effect of maize source, there was a strong trend towards variability in IDE (p = 0.066) and AME (p = 0.058). There were no significant correlations (p<0.05) between any proximate or physiochemical values and any performance or AME values. This may suggest that none of those selected were suitable predictors for performance or AME. The broilers performed well according to the breed guidelines, with slightly increased FI, increased BWG and similar FCR prior to the addition of xylanase. When FCR and BWG were analysed with FI as a covariate, xylanase addition remained significant suggesting that the improvement in BWG and FCR was driven by an increase in digestibility and nutrient availability.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1999

제주도내 25개 지점의 토양시료로부터 총 703 주의 방선균을 분리하였다. 네 종류의 배지 중 soil extract를 함유한 arginine glycerol salts agar가 다양한 방선균을 분리하는데 가장 적합하였으며, 목장초지 토양이 다른 지역의 토양에 비해서 방선균의 다양성과 밀도면에서 가장 좋은 분리원이었다 순수분리된 526개의 균주를 대상으로 Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus 및 Pseudomonas solanacearum을 검정균으로 하여, 항균성 물질 생산여부를 검정한 결과, 생산균주의 발생빈도는 분리 및 배양에 사용한 배지의 종류에 따라서 $0{\sim}32.8%$로 많은 차이를 보였다. 세 종류의 검정균에 대하여 동시에 항균활성을 나타내는 10개 균주 중에서 pH 안정성과 열 안정성이 비교적 높은 물질을 생산하는 BL106Ba균주를 선택하여 등정한 결과, Streptomyces속에 속하며 S. albosporeus와 가장 유사한 것으로 추정되었다. B1106Ba의 배양액을 양이온 교환수지(AG MP-50)통과와 3차의 분자량 분획(Sephadex G-10)으로 정제하여 얻은 백색의 결정은 그람 음성균 및 양성균에 대해서는 강한 항균활성을 나타내었으나, 효모에 대해서는 약한 활성을 나타내었다. 이 결정 물질을 TLC와 HPLC로 분석한 결과 네 종류의 서로 다른 항균성 화합물이 혼합되어 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.416-421
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• 1984

대두육종상의 세대촉진 또는 생육기간 단축의 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 1977~1978 2개년간에 수개의 조.만생품종을 공시하여 종실의 발달경과와 발아능력을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 드음과 같다. 1. 90%이상의 건전한 발아률을 나타내는 등숙기는 조.만품종간에 격차가 컸는데 조생품종인 H-25와 서천백두는 개화후 20~25일에, 중생품종인 광교와 수원 93호는 30일에 그리고 만생품종인 힐콩 및 은대두는 개화후 35일부터 90%이상의 발아율을 보였다. 2. 생입중이 최고에 위하는 등숙기는 건립중이 최고에 달하는 생리적 성숙기보다 약 반순전의 시기이며 종실의 수분함량이 60%이내수준에서 급격하게 감소되기 시작되는 시기가 건립중이 최고에 달하는 시기와 일치되었다. 3. 등숙기간중 수획하여 생입 그대로. 그리고 꼬투리째 건조된 것과 꼬투리 없이 건조된 것 간의 발아율과 발아일수에는 현저한 차이를 보였으며 꼬투리째 건조한 것이 외형적인 종자로서의 품질이 낫고 생입보다 5~10일간 빨리 건전한 발아율을 보였다. 4. 생입이나 꼬투리 없이 건조된 것은 발아일수가 길어지는 결과로 발아억제물질이 관여되는 것으로 보였다. 5. 꼬투리째 건조한 것에 대한 정상 및 저온발아(1$0^{\circ}C$)시험에서 힐콩과 수원 93호품종은 건전한 발아율을 나타내는 것이 10~15 일간의 차이를 나타냈으며 개화후 40~45일부터 정상적 포장발아능력이 있는 것으로 보였다. 6. 포장발아능력을 나타내는 시기의 힐콩과 수원93호의 생입중과 건립중은 완숙된 종실중과 비교했을 때 생입중은 130~155%. 건립중은 40~50%수준일 때였으므로 이것으로 조생종인 서천백두의 포장발아능력을 나타내는 시기는 개화후 30일직전이 되는 것으로 추정되었다. 7 이상의 포장발아능력을 완숙기와 고려할때 10~15일간은 빨리 수획해서 꼬투리째 건조해서 사용할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.363-368
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• 1990

국내에서 재배가 장려되고 있는 콩 품종이 두부 가공성을 조사하기 위하여, 19품종의 콩으로 두부를 제조하고, 수득률과 성분분석 등의 이화학적 특성조사와 색깔 및 조직감 등의 관능검사를 실시하였다. 두부 수득률이 가장 높은 품종은 백운, 은하 등으로 300% 이상이었고 방사, S-138, 장백 등은 $260{\sim}270%$의 낮은 수득률을 나타내었다. 수용성 콩 단백질의 주요 분획인 글리시닌을 포함한 알부민 함량은, 콩건물 중으로 $22.97{\sim}26.61%$이었으며, 두부의 수득률과는 0.9621의 매우 높은 상관성을 보였다. 콩으로부터 두부로의 단백질 이동률은 백운, 은하 등의 품종이 각각 72.94, 70.62%로 높았으며, 은하, 단경, 덕유, 단엽 등의 지방이동률은 80% 이상을 나타내었다. 한편, 두부색깔의 경우 백운, 광교, 새알, 힐콩 등으로 제조한 것과 명도가 높았으며, 두부의 기계적 조직감은 원료콩의 단백질 함량 차이와 같은 품종간의 성분 차이에 의한 것(r=0.1848)이라기보다는 오히려 두부의 최종 수분함량과 밀접한 관계(r=-0.8312)가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사에 의한 두부의 색깔, 조직감, 풍미 등을 고려한 종합적 기호도는 단경, 남천, 백운 등의 품종으로 제조한 두부의 품질이 우수한 것으로 평가되었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2005

The effects of ginsenosides Rg$_3$(R) , Rg$_3$(S) and Rg$_5$/Rk$_1$ (a mixture of Rg$_5$ and Rk$_1$ 1:1, w/w), which are components isolated from processed Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae), on memory dysfunction were examined in mice using a passive avoidance test. The ginsenosides Rg3(R), Rg3(S) or Rg$_5$/Rk$_1$, when orally administered for 4 days, significantly ameliorated the memory impairment induced by the single oral administration of ethanol. The memory impairment induced by the intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine was also significantly recovered by ginsenosides Rg3(S) and Rg$_5$/Rk$_1$. Among the three ginsenosides tested in this study, Rg$_5$/Rk$_1$ enhanced the memory function of mice most effectively in both the ethanol­and scopolamine-induced amnesia models. Moreover, the latency period of the Rg$_5$/Rk$_1$­treated mice was 1.2 times longer than that of the control (no amnesia) group in both models, implying that Rg$_5$/Rk$_1$ may also exert beneficial effects in the normal brain. We also evaluated the effects of these ginsenosides on the excitotoxic and oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell damage in primary cultured rat cortical cells. The excitotoxicity induced by glutamate or N­methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) was dramatically inhibited by the three ginsenosides. Rg$_3$(S) and Rg$_5$/Rk$_1$ exhibited a more potent inhibition of excitotoxicity than did Rg$_3$(R). In contrast, these ginsenosides were all ineffective against the H$_2$O$_2$- or xanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative neuronal damage. Taken together, these results indicate that ginsenosides Rg$_3$(S) and Rg$_5$/Rk$_1$ significantly reversed the memory dysfunction induced by ethanol or scopolamine, and their neuroprotective actions against excitotoxicity may be attributed to their memory enhancing effects.