• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1089-1103
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing a health-promoting lifestyle among highly educated, married women with or without work outside the home. It is a direct interview, cross-sectional study. Subjects were 250 married, unemployed women and 236 married women employed as teachers. Women who have not graduated college, work only part-time or have no current spouse were excluded. The instruments used were the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (Walker, et al., 1987) and the Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (Backe, et al., 1982), The HPLP scores of the employed, married women were significantly lower than those for unemployed respondents. for both groups of respondents, the self-actualization subscale was the highest score and the exercise subscale was the lowest score. The HPLP indicated that exercise is a very weak area. Thus, an increase in exercise time and frequency, especially for highly educated, married women, is suggested. Multiple regression analysis revealed that a health-promoting lifestyle of unemployed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, depression and satisfaction of role allotment. On the other hand, a health-promoting lifestyle of employed, married women was affected by sports activity, leisure-time activity, stress, self-perceived economic status, coffee consumption, husband's help, and maid's help. That is, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less depression and more satisfaction of role allotment, unemployed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. Also, with more sports activity and leisure-time activity, less stress, better self-perceived economic status, less coffee consumption, more husband's help and more maid's help, employed, married women would have higher HPLP scores. The results indicate that sports activity and leisure-time activity were the first and the second determinants of health-promoting lifestyle respectively. Therefore, an exercise-centered health-promoting program for highly educated, married women is suggested in the community or workplace. Especially, the program should be designed to be easily approachable for highly educated, employed married women who have more of a role burden compared to unemployed women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.160-170
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• 2006

This study was conducted to provide foundation data for making health care policy for married women by assessing the dietary intake between highly educated married, employed and unemployed women. It is a direct interview, cross-sectional study with 24-hour recall method for one day. In selecting the subjects for this study, married, unemployed women were selected from a certain area (Daedeok Science Town) in Daejeon where there are high rates of highly educated women, and the married, employed women were selected from the teaching profession in order to avoid confounding due to including a variety of jobs. According to the Korean Standard Classification of Occupations, teaching is the representational occupation of highly educated, married women. Then, to prevent confounding due to age, we selected the subjects out of each age group at the same rate through random sampling. Women who had not graduated college, worked only part-time, or had no current spouse were excluded. As a result, 486 highly-educated, married, unemployed (250) and employed (236) women were used for analyzing data. The unemployed women consumed a higher amount of fat, cholesterol, sodium, vitamin C and folic acid while the employed women consumed a higher amount of iron, vitamin $B_l$ and vitamin $B_2$. P/M/S ratio being 1/1.18/1.05 and 1/1.05/0.87, for the unemployed women and the employed women, respectively, unemployed respondents had a higher saturated fat intake than those of employed. It is in excess of the standard ratio (1/1/1) of the Korean RDA. At the same time, in unemployed respondents the percent of energy intake from fat (24.8%, 23.2%) and animal fat (12.4%, 11.4%) were higher than those of employed respondents. The mean daily nutrient intake of calcium, zinc, and iron for both groups of respondents were lower than the Korean RDA. Both groups had phosphorus as the highest nutrient and calcium as the lowest nutrient of INQ (Index of Nutritional Quality) while nutrients with the INQ being less than 1 were calcium and iron. To sum up, the following conclusions can be made: Nutrition education and guidance for reduction of the intake of fat, especially animal fat, are necessary for unemployed women. In addition, highly educated, married, unemployed and employed women should increase the consumption of foods rich in iron and calcium to prevent anemia and osteoporosis, while decreasing the intake of phosphorus to balance proportions of calcium and phosphorus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.274-285
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• 2006

The differences in food consumption between highly educated, married, unemployed and employed women were analyzed by food group and common food item intake, DDS (dietary diversity score), and DVS (dietary variety score) & DVSS (dietary variety score including condiment). In food group intake, the total amount of food intake of the unemployed women (1,554.0 g) were significantly higher than those of the employed (1,477.9 g), while the amount of food from fungi and mushrooms (4.2 g), seaweeds (2.4 g), and fish and shellfish (60.5 g) of the unemployed women was significantly lower than those of the employed. And the amount of meat, poultry and their products (102.8 g), eggs (29.9 g), and animal oil and fats (4.0 g) was significantly higher than those of the employed. Moreover, the common food items of the unemployed women were ranked as eggs (29.7 g), pork (28.9 g), chicken (27.2 g), and beef (26.7 g) at 7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. When counting the major food groups consumed, DDS=4 has the highest proportion in both groups (unemployed 47.4%, employed 49.1 %). In case of the subjects who had not consumed one particular food group in DDS=4, dairy group was the first (83%), followed by fruit, meat, and vegetables. This order is same in other DDS levels. In dietary variety score (DVS & DVSS), the average number of foods consumed per day of employed women was higher than those of the unemployed. The level of DVSS in the employed women (31.9), especially, is significantly higher than in the unemployed women (30.6). Consequently, highly educated women should pay more attention to increasing dairy intake, and they have need of various foods, over thirty foods without condiments in their diet every day. In addition, encouraging unemployed women to have a nutritionally balanced diet, and offering nutrition education and guidance, such as appropriate choices about animal foods, are needed.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2024

This study aims to understand the experiences of highly educated married immigrant women from China, who hold a master's degree or higher, when selecting an elementary school for their children and to explore the significance of that experience. This study included eight participants, all of whom were married immigrant women who had resided in Korea for a minimum of five years. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, which were conducted over approximately one year, from June 2022 to August 2023. The study was approached as a case study. As a result of this study, the similarities between the cases were "choices based on charactercentered education and cultural convergence", "choices for the child's future and career", and "choices influenced by the primary caregiver's use of bilingualism". The differences observed in the cases appeared in "choices based on the balance between global education ideals and economic realities", "choices based on specialized curriculum content", and "choices based on connections to higher-level schools". This study is important, as it underscores the need to conduct various research initiatives on multinational immigrant women and their children. These findings suggest that the study can contribute to the development of multicultural policies that are grounded in the actual experiences and critical awareness of married Chinese immigrant women, who constitute a substantial part of Korean society.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.129-156
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• 2008

이 논문은 1980~2005년까지 기혼여성의 경제활동참가 행동의 변화에 대해 통계청의 인구주택총조사 마이크로 샘플 데이터를 이용하여 분석하였다. 기혼 여성의 경제활동참가는 꾸준한 증가를 보였으며, 특히 고학력 대졸 여성의 경제활동참가가 빠르게 증가해 왔다. 또한 남성 배우자가 고학력인 기혼 여성의 경제활동참가가 증가해, 기존의 기혼 여성 경제활동의 주요 특징이었던 "고학력일수록 낮은 수준의 경제활동참가"와 다른 패턴을 보인다. 이러한 변화는 분석에 포함된 기혼 여성 가운데에서도 최근 코호트에게서 강하게 나타난다. 배우자의 특성이 기혼 여성의 경제활동참가 결정에 있어 영향력이 줄어들고 있는 반면, 자녀의 존재는 여전히 기혼 여성의 경제활동참가의 장애 요인으로 나타난다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.87-104
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• 1998

This study explores the life quality(LQ) of Korean married women compared to Korean married men's LQ, examines personal factors' and home environmental factors' influences to Korean married women's LQ via psychological factors such as social belongingness, positive emotion, self-esteem, and sense of intemal control in causal model, and explores Korean married women's perceived important factors and perceived enhancement required factors in life. The questionnaire was administered to 941 Korean married women and their husbands who have one or more children in Pusan. The results indicated that: 1. The overal and most sub dimensional LQ of Korean married women mark medium level and were lower than that of Korean married men's. Korean married women who is highly educated, keeps efficient communication with their husband, self-esteem, sense of internal control, social belongingness, and positive emotion, and possess high SES and much available resources shows higher LQ than those who doesn't. 2. The efficient communication with husband and available resources have direct and indirect influences on Korean married women's LQ. The psychological mediatory factors of these two variables' influences on women's LQ are such as social belongingness, positive emotion, self-esteem and sense of intemal control. SES has direct influence only and the educational level has indirect influence via social belongingness only on Korean married women's LQ. All these factors explain 58% of Korean married women's LQ variance. 3. Korean married women rank family health, family reconciliation, husband's success, and children's achievement as the very important factors in life. They also rank husbands success, economic abundant, family reconciliation, family health, and their self-actualization as the very required factors for enhancing the given LQ.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.93-129
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• 2013

본 논문은 기혼여성의 취업으로 인해 발생된 소비패턴의 변화와 그로 인해 야기되는 산업별 산출액의 변화 및 노동수요 파생효과를 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 맞벌이가구 증가에 따라 교통비와 교육비, 외식비, 가사서비스 등의 소비가 증가하였다. 이러한 소비패턴 변화로 인해 교육 및 보건업, 음식 숙박업 등 시장서비스업의 노동수요 증가가 야기되었다. 특히 고학력 및 중산층 이상의 기혼여성의 취업 시 취업유발효과가 높았으며, 그로 인해 저숙련 업종의 노동수요를 파생시킬 것으로 추정된다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2006

The study was the second part of the research on development of consumer education program as social education program. The purpose of this study was to analyze needs fur program contents. Program contents had two parts: educational program contents and program managements. The data used contained 617 married women living in Seoul, Korea. Using SAS-PC program, Chi-square and Anova Analyses were executed. The results showed that married women had higher educational needs on housing purchase, tax avoidance, cancellation of contracts after purchase, consumer redress, etc. The differences in age, education, householder's occupation, and household income level resulted in the differences in educational needs for some specific educational items. They were likely to be educated at the highly accessible place such as women's center, community center, University extension service center, and consumer organization, etc. Also they preferred to be educated once a week fur a short time period like one to three months, and to have the lectures with discussion in the class. Some implications were mentioned for developing consumer education program as social education.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.73-102
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• 2008

본 연구는 우리나라 기혼 여성의 노동공급에 있어서 취학 자녀가 지니는 효과에 대해 분석한다. 출산 및 저연령 자녀의 효과에 초점이 맞추어진 기존의 기혼 여성 노동공급 논의에서 한 걸음 더 나아가, 본 연구는 고학년 자녀의 효과에 초점을 맞춘다. 고학년 자녀가 기혼 여성의 노동공급을 제약할 가능성은, 최근 자녀 교육에 있어서 어머니의 역할이 강조되는 사회적 경향과 연계되어 생각할 수 있다. 본 결과에 의하면 고학력 기혼 여성일수록, 그리고 가구소득이 높을수록 취학 자녀로 인해 노동공급이 제약되는 효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the effect of work-family conflict on organizational effectiveness, focusing on the moderating effect of organizational support among married working women of health services organizations. Data were collected from 149 married working women of health services organizations located in Busan Metropolitan areas by structured self-administered questionnaire. Main results of this study is as the following: First, based on the type of work-household conflicts, namely time-based conflict(2.82 points), strain-based conflict(2.81 points) and behavior-based conflict(2.69 points), working women mainly experienced time and strain-based conflicts. The level of work-household conflicts was significantly higher among younger groups, highly educated, nurses, and regular workers. Second, the perceived organizational effectiveness found to be an above-average. Especially scores were high in the subcategories of customer orientation(3.84), followed by organizational commitment (3.42) and job satisfaction(3.19). The level of organizational effectiveness was significantly higher among older groups, medical technician and administrative job holders, day-time workers, and higher income groups. Third, the results of the regression analysis on the effects of work-household conflicts on organizational effectiveness showed that strain-based conflicts have a significant negative effect on organizational effectiveness such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Fourth, organizational support found to have a strong controlling effect for strain-based conflicts on organizational effectiveness. Above results imply that practical family-supportive policies for lessening the work-household conflicts is crucial for enhancing organizational effectiveness in health services organization.