• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3455-3460
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• 2012

Objectives: To report the prevalence of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesions and to determine the possible association of Pap test results with high-risk human papillomavirus and high squamous intraepithelial lesions in women from Duhok, Iraq. Design: A prospective, observational study was conducted between January 2005 and December 2011. Overall, 596 women with a cervicovaginal Pap test showing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and 93 atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion for whom pathologic follow-up was available were studied. Follow-up consisted of repeat cytology, colposcopy and histology. High risk human papillomavirus DNA testing was performed on exfoliated cervical cells from 106 women, using conventional PCR after at least 36 months from the initial Pap smear. Results: Significantly high proportions of both atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (87.9%) and atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion (62.4%) demonstrated no significant lesion on subsequent follow up. Low squamous intraepithelial lesions were observed in 1.7% of cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and in 5.4% of atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion. High squamous intraepithelial lesion was demonstrated in 0.8% and 16.1% respectively. In the latter there was also one case of invasive carcinoma. High-risk HPV DNA was demonstrated in 40% of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and 57.1% of atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesions. Conclusions: Since both atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high squamous intraepithelial lesion identify patients who are at an increased risk for the development of high squamous intraepithelial lesions and a considerable percentage harbor high risk-HPV, both should be retained as diagnostic categories and patients warrant a diligent follow up and testing for high risk-HPV DNA. Colposcopic evaluation and biopsy, when indicated, are a must.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4357-4361
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• 2016

Background: Whether there is any relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV) and breast carcinoma is not clear. Some previous studies have indicated a possible role in oncogenesis in the breast. In this study, we therefore analyzed the presence of HPV infection in breast tissues of Iranian women from Yazd city. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 87 patients with breast cancer and 84 cases with breast fibrocystic lesions (control group) were selected from a tissue archive. Grade of tumors and fibrocystic tissues were determined by two pathologists. The nested-PCR method was performed for detection of HPVs in samples. HPV genotypes were determined by sequencing and the phylogenetic tree depicted by MEGA software. Results: Of the 87 women with breast cancer, 22.9% (20 isolates) had positive results for HPV DNA. In the control group no HPV was detected. The HPV genotypes in positive samples were HPV-16 (35%) HPV-18 (15%), HPV-6 (45%) and HPV-11 (5%). The data did not approved a significant correlation between tissue pathology of breast cancer and the HPV genotype frequency. Conclusions: The data did not provide any evidence for a role of high risk HPV types in oncogenesis in the breast.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5879-5882
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• 2014

High-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is important in cervical cancer screening for triage colposcopy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of HR HPV infection with different cervical cytological features among women undergoing health examination. A total of 2,897 women were retrospectively evaluated between May 2011 to December 2011. DNA was extracted from residual specimens collected during routine liquid-based cytology tests at the National Cancer Institute. Overall, HR HPV prevalence was 9.3% including 1.6% of HPV-16 and 0.4% of HPV-18. Of all 270 HPV positive samples, 211 (78.1% were HR-HPV non 16/18; 47 (17.4%) were HPV-16 and 12 (4.4%) were HPV-18. The prevalence of HPV infection was similar in all age groups, although a higher rate was observed in women age 31-40 years. Among women with normal cytology, HR HPV positive were found in 6.7%. In abnormal cytology, HR HPV were found 46.7% in atypical squamous cells (ASC), 54.8% in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and 80.0% in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). HPV-16 was detected in 8.6%, 6.4% and 12.0% of ASC, LSIL and HSIL, respectively. The results of this study provide baseline information on the HPV type distribution, which may be useful for clinicians to decide who should be monitored or treated more aggressively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3147-3153
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• 2016

Background: Many strategies are required for cervical cancer reduction e.g. provision of education cautious sexual behavior, HPV vaccination, and early detection of pre-invasive cervical lesions and invasive cancer. Basic health data for cervical cytology/ HPV DNA and associated factors are important to make an appropriate policy to fight against cervical cancer. Aims: To assess the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and/or HPV DNA and associated factors, including sexual behavior, among Bangkok Metropolitan women. Materials and Methods: Thai women, aged 25-to-65 years old, had lived in Bangkok for ${\geq}5$ years were invited into the study. Liquid-based cervical cytology and HPV DNA tests were performed. Personal data were collected. Main Outcomes Measures: Rates of abnormal cytology and/ or high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and factors associated with abnormal test (s) were studied. Results: Abnormal cytology and positive HR-HPV were found in 6.3% (279/4442 women) and 6.7% (295/4428), respectively. The most common abnormal cytology was ASC-US (3.5%) while the most common HR-HPV genotype was HPV 16 (1.4%) followed by HPV 52 (1.0%), HPV 58 (0.9%), and HPV 18 and HPV 51 at equal frequency (0.7%). Both tests were abnormal in 1.6% (71/4428 women). Rates of HR-HPV detection were directly associated with severity of abnormal cytology: 5.4% among normal cytology and 13.0%, 30.8%, 40.0%, 39.5%, 56.3% and 100.0% among ASC-US, ASC-H, AGC-NOS, LSIL, HSIL, and SCC, respectively. Some 5% of women who had no HR-HPV had abnormal cytology, in which 0.3% had ${\geq}$ HSIL. Factors associated with abnormal cytology or HR-HPV were: age ${\leq}40$ years, education lower than (for cytology) or higher than bachelor for HR-HPV), history of sexual intercourse, and sexual partners ${\geq}2$. Conclusions: Rates for abnormal cytology and HR-HPV detection were 6.3% and 6.7% HR-HPV detection was directly associated with severity of abnormal cytology. Significant associated factors were age ${\leq}40$ years, lower education, history of sexual intercourse, and sexual partners ${\geq}2$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5843-5847
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• 2013

Background: Persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is strongly associated with cervical cancer. Normal cervical cells may also harbor hrHPV, and detection of early hrHPV infection may minimize risk of cervical cancer development. This study aimed to compare two commercial HPV genotyping assays that may affordable for early screening in a limited-resource setting in Bandung, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: DNA from cervical biopsies with histologically confirmed as squamous cell cervical cacinoma were HPV genotyped by Linear Assay 1 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) or Linear Assay 2 (Digene HPV Genotyping RH Test, Qiagen Gaithersburg, MD). In a subset of samples of each group, HPV genotype results were then compared. Results: Of 28 samples genotyped by linear assay 1, 22 (78.6%) demonstrated multiple infections with HPV-16 and other hrHPV types 18, 45 and/or 52. In another set of 38 samples genotyped by linear assay 2, 28 (68.4%) were mostly single infections by hrHPV type 16 or 18. Interestingly, 4 samples that had been tested by both kits showed discordant results. Conclusions: In a limited-resource area such as in Indonesia, country with a high prevalence of HPV infection a reliable cervical screening test in general population for early hrHPV detection is needed. Geographical variation in HPV genotyping result might have impacts for HPV prevalence and molecular epidemiology as the distribution in HPV genotypes should give clear information to assess the impact of HPV prophylactic vaccines.

• Annals of Clinical Microbiology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2018

배경: PANA RealTyper HPV kit (PANAGENE, Korea; PANA RealTyper)는 multiplex real-time PCR과 melting curve analysis를 이용하여 human papillomavirus (HPV)의 유전자형을 검출한다. 본 연구에서는 PANA Real Typer와 AdvanSure HPV GenoBlot assay (LG Life Sciences, Korea; AdvanSure assay)를 비교하였다. 방법: 자궁경부암 검진을 받은 환자에서 채취한 검체를 60개 수집하였다. AdvanSure assay와 PANA RealTyper는 고위험군 HPV 20종을 검출할 수 있다. 저위험군 HPV의 경우 AdvanSure assay는 15종을, PANA RealTyper는 2종의 유전자형을 구별할 수 있고 18종의 유전자형을 검출할 수 있다. 결과: 총 60개 중 40개 검체에서 54개의 고위험군 유전자형이 검출되었으며 18개 검체에서 20개의 저위험군 유전자형이 검출되었다. 고위험군에서 두 방법 간 일치율은 94.4-100%였다. PANA Real Typer에서만 양성으로 검출된 9개 유전자형 중 7개(HPV 16 (n=1), 39 (n=1), 52 (n=1), 58 (n=2), 68 (n=2))은 진양성으로 판별되었다. AdvanSure assay에서만 양성으로 나온 4개 유전자형 중 3개는 HPV 59였다. 저위험군에서 AdvanSure assay에서 검출된 19개 유전자형 중 HPV 6 2개, HPV 11 1개였다. HPV 6 중 한 개는 PANA RealTyper에서만 양성이었다. 결론: PANA RealTyper는 AdvanSure assay와 동등한 검출력을 보였으며, 임상 검사실에서 HPV 유전자형 검사에 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2006

파필로마바이러스(Human papilloma virus; HPV)는 자궁경부암의 주요한 원인균으로 30종 이상의 여성성기감염과 관련된 유전자형이 보고되었으며 자궁경부암과 관련성이 높은 고위험군과 관련성이 낮은 저위험군으로 나뉘어 진다. 최근 HPV 유전자형의 임상적 활용이 높아짐에 따라 신속하고 정확하게 HPV 유전자형을 선별할 수 있는 방법이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 여러 가지 분자생물학적 방법 중에서 정확도가 높은 DNA 염기서열분석을 이용하여 한국인 여성에서 HPV의 유전자형분포와 빈도를 구하고자 하였다. 전국 각 지역의 3,978명으로부터 채취한 자궁경부 검체에서 DNA를 추출하고, HPV L1 유전자 영역에서 PCR을 실시하였다. PCR 양성이 나온 경우 DNA 염기서열분석을 실시하였으며 GenBank BLAST program을 이용하여 HPV 유전자형을 분석하였다. 검사대상의 평균 년령은 37.6세였으며 년령 범위는 20-73세였고, 30대 여성이 검사를 가장 많이 실시하였다(42.2%). 총 3.978명 중에서 1,174명(1,174/3,978, 29.5%)이 HPV 양성을 보였으며 136명(11.6%)이 중복감염을 보여, 총 1,310개의 HPV 유전자를 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 21종의 고위험군, 16종의 저위험군을 포함하여 총 37종의 HPV 유전자형이 검출되었으며, HPV 고위험군의 빈도는 69.8%(914/1,310), 저위험군은 26.0% (340/1,310)로 나타났다. 년령은 20대에서 HPV 양성률이 가장 낮았으며(69.5%), 60대 이상의 검체에서 발견된 HPV는 대부분이 고위험군이었다. 고위험군에서는 HPV 16형이 13.21%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, HPV 53형이 9.62%, 58형이 9.24%로 높게 나타났다. 다음으로 HPV 70(5.50%), 33(4.73%), 66(4.20%), 18(4.05%), 52 (4.05%), 31(3.97%), 56(3.51%)의 순으로 나타났다. 저위험군에서는 HPV 62(4.20%), 61(3.89%), 6(3.59%), 81(3.59%), 84(3.51%), 11(2.6%)의 순으로 검출되었다. DNA 염기서열분석을 이용한 한국인 여성의 HPV 유전자형빈도 분석 결과는 HPV의 역학적 연구와 백신개발을 위한 자료로 유용할 것이며, 자궁경부암의 치료와 관련한 특이적 HPV 유전자형 관련 연구에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.4061-4065
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• 2014

The presence of viral DNA in breast cancer cells is controversial. However, some studies have revealed a possible role for the human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of HPV-DNA in breast tissue in a group of Iranian women with and without breast cancer and identification of the detected HPV types. Paraffin-embedded specimens from 65 malignant breast cancer cases and 65 cases with benign breast lesions were investigated for presence of HPV-DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction. We found HPV-DNA in 22 (33.8%) of the breast cancer specimens. All non-cancerous specimens were negative. Low and high-risk HPV types, including HPV-6 (26.2%), HPV-16 (1.5%), HPV-35 (1.5%), HPV-52 (1.5%), and HPV-11 (1.5%) were detected in our study. HPV-6 was the most prevalent type in the breast cancer specimens. Although high-risk HPV types have been shown to have a major role in cervix cancer, there have been no data that support the same relevance for other types of malignancies. Furthermore, presence of low-risk HPV types in malignancies still is a matter of debate. The data presented in this study indicates a strong need for epidemiological studies correlating different HPV types in human breast cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2719-2725
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• 2014

Background: Secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) genes, new tumor suppressor genes, are negative regulators of the Wnt pathway whose alteration is associated with various tumors. In ovarian cancer, SFRPs genes promoter methylation can lead to gene inactivation. This study investigated mechanisms of SFRP and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) genes silencing in ovarian cancer infected with high risk human papillomavirus. Materials and Methods: DNA was extracted from 200 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ovarian cancer and their normal adjacent tissues (NAT) and DNA methylation was detected by methylation specific PCR (MSP). High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected by nested PCR with consensus primers to amplify a broad spectrum of HPV genotypes. Results: The percentages of SFRP and APC genes with methylation were significantly higher in ovarian cancer tissues infected with high risk HPV compared to NAT. The methylated studied genes were associated with suppression in their gene expression. Conclusion: This finding highlights the possible role of the high risk HPV virus in ovarian carcinogenesis or in facilitating cancer progression by suppression of SFRP and APC genes via DNA methylation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5781-5785
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• 2014

Background: As in other developing countries, cervical cancer is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in Indonesia. Persistent high risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) that infect the cervical tissue have been established as the etiology of cervical cancer. This study aimed to explore the profile of cervical cancer patients and the infected HPV genotypes at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital-Bandung. Materials and Methods: During the year 2010, 554 cervical cancer patients were registered. In a subset of the patients during July - November 2010, 40 randomized fresh biopsies were tested for HPV genotype after obtained informed consent. The distribution of HPV genotypes and the association to risk factors were analysed. Results: The result showed that 62.5% of the tested biopsies were infected by multiple HPV infections, with HPV-16 found in most of the cervical cancer patients (90%). Marriage at age younger than 16 years old was statistically significant in relation to multiple HPV infection (p=0.003), but not parity more than three times (p=0.59). Conclusions: Although high paritiy in our study was not associated with multiple HPV infection, good family planning programs and reproductive health education need to be emphasized in Indonesia as high parity and marriage at young age might increase the chance of cervical cancer development.