• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 1991

A Study was carried out to elucidate the triglyceride compositions of the red pepper seed oils harvested from two different areas. The oil was extracted from the red pepper seed with nhexane. Each triglyceride of the oil was separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fractonated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on the basis of acyl carbon numbers, and partition number group(PN) and fatty acid composition of triglyceride were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). From the results, it was found that the red pepper seed oils of the Chungsong and Youngyang areas consisted of 14 and 18 kinds of triglycerides, respectively. The red pepper seed oil of the Chungsong area consisted of (C18:2, C18:2, C18:2=41.0%), (C16:0, C18:2, C18:2=37.1%), and that of the Youngyang area consisted of (C18:2, C18:2, C18:2=41.0%), (C16:0, C18:2, C18:2=36.3%) and (C16:0, C16:2, C18:2=8.4%), as the major triglycerides.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2012

In order to enzymatically produce chitooligosaccharide using the crude enzyme preparation from Bacillus cereus D-11, we first studied the optimal reaction conditions. It was found that the optimal temperature for hydrolysis of chitosan was $55^{\circ}C$. The ratio of enzyme/substrate should not be lower than 0.13 U/mg in the reaction mixture. The enzyme activity was stable below $50^{\circ}C$. The products of enzymatic reaction were analyzed by both thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Under the appropriate condition, chitosan was hydrolyzed using the enzyme preparation. The resulting chitooligosaccharides were purified and separated by Dowex ($H^+$) ion exchange chromatography. From 4 g soluble chitosan, 0.95 g $(GlcN)_2$, 1.43 g $(GlcN)_3$, and 1.18 g $(GlcN)_4$ were recovered.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.882-887
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• 2014

We studied oocyte steroidogenesis in blacktip grouper Epinephelus fasciatus ovarian follicles during vitellogenesis. Vitellogenic oocytes with average diameters of 0.45, 0.48 and 0.50 mm were incubated in vitro in the presence of $[^3H]17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone as a precursor. The steroid metabolites were analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major metabolites in the vitellogenic oocytes were androstenedione ($A_4$), testosterone (T), estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$), and estrone ($E_1$). The metabolites of androgen ($A_4$ and T) were higher in the 0.50-mm oocytes than in the 0.45- and 0.48-mm oocytes, while the estrogen metabolites (E2 and E1) were lower in the 0.50-mm oocytes. These results suggest that 0.50-mm oocytes are fully vitellogenic following initiation of the maturation process.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2021

We studied steroid metabolites produced from red-spotted grouper ovarian follicles during maturation. Oocytes with 350-500 ㎛ diameter were in vitro incubated in the presence of [³H] 17α-hydroxyprogesterone as a precursor. Steroid metabolites were extracted from incubated media and oocytes. The extracts were separated and identified using thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identified metabolites were androstenedione (A₄), testosterone (T) and estrone (E₁). The metabolites of A₄ was dominant in all size of oocytes and it was the highest in 480 ㎛ diameter oocytes. The metabolites of two progestins, 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 17α,20α-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one were detected in the oocytes less than 480 ㎛ diameter although they were not identified definitely. In the oocytes of 480 ㎛ diameter, metabolite of progestin was the highest, and germinal vesicle (GV) was still in the middle of cytoplasm. In the oocytes of 500 ㎛ diameter, GV was began to migrate and the major metabolites were A₄ and E₁. The metabolite of E₁ was detected in all size of oocytes and it was higher than that of E₂. These results suggest that oocytes of 480 ㎛ diameter are the transitional stage involving steroidogenic shift to final oocyte maturation and potential function of E₁ during maturation process.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 2009

For the control of pathogenic microorganisms, Bacillus spp. were isolated from diseased pepper fruits in Korea. Among them, Bacillus sp. IUB158-03 showed high inhibitory effect on mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides and Botrytis cinerea. The strain was identified as B. amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 based on its physiological, biochemical characteristics and Microlog analysis. The highest level of antifungal substances by B. amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 were obtained when the bacterium was cultured in medium containing 2% soluble starch, 3% yeast extract, 0.5% tryptone, 0.5% $NH_4H_2PO_4$, and 1% NaCl (pH 6.0) at $25^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs. The antifungal substances were purified by butanol extraction, silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The purified antifungal substance was confirmed $R_f$ 0.27 by TLC. This substance exhibited antifungal activity against Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cineria, Alternata alternaria of plant pathogenic fungi and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Cryptococcus neoformans of human pathogenic fungi.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.427-432
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• 1995

Ganglioside GM3 and sialidase activities in human fetal liver have been investigated. Gangliosides were extracted from fetal livers by the Folch-Suzuki method and analyzed by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). GM3 increased, but lactosylceramide (LacCer) decreased predominantly over the developmental stages. Sialidase in human fetal liver was mainly localized in the lysosomal fraction and its activity was high in the earlier stages of development. The optimum pH for this enzyme was 4.3~4.4. Sialidase was more active with the ganglioside mixture than with GM3, sialyllactose or fetuin. Fetal liver sialidase was still active (20% activity) in the presence of 25% methanol. These results suggested that the changes of the ganglioside GM3 and sialidase activity may be involved in the regulation of cell growth in human fetal liver during development.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 2015

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has been extensively investigated for its applications as an a-glucosidase inhibitor in postprandial hyperglycemia, and has been applied to nutraceuticals and medicines to prevent or delay the progression of type 2 diabetes. However, the amount of DNJ in mulberry leaves is low (approximately 0.1%), therefore, a more effective extraction method is needed. In this study, microbial DNJ production was developed as an alternative to chemical methods. We identified fermented sericultural products and bacteria that produce DNJ in large quantities using high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The inhibition of a-glucosidase activity was examined with respect to DNJ production or non-production. Crude DNJ from the isolated strains exhibited greater than 70% a-glucosidase activity. An investigation of the effect of mulberry leaf powder concentration (1~5%), using high DNJ producing bacteria, provided evidence for microbial mass production of DNJ.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1422-1427
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• 2013

Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), a traditional herb with high pharmacological value, contains more than 10% flavone by weight. To improve the biological activity of flavones in SB, we aimed to enhance the bioconversion of baicalin (BG) to baicalein (B) and wogonoside (WG) to wogonin (W) in SB during fermentation using beta-glucuronidase produced from Lactobacillus brevis RO1. After activation, L. brevis RO1 was cultured in milk containing SB root extract with various carbon or nitrogen sources at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. During fermentation, the growth patterns of L. brevis RO1 and changes in the flavone content were assessed using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. After 72 h of fermentation, the concentrations of B and W in the control group increased by only 0.15 and 0.12 mM, respectively, whereas they increased by 0.57 and 0.24 mM in the fish peptone group. The production of B and W was enhanced by the addition of 0.4% fish peptone, which not only improved the growth of L. brevis RO1 (p < 0.001) but also enhanced the bioconversion of flavones. In conclusion, the bioconversion of flavones in SB may provide a potential application for the enhancement of the functional components in SB.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 1994

Ninety-two isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from Chinese corn samples. The predominant Fusarium species isolated from corn seeds were F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum and F. subglutinans, and all 13 species were identified. Each isolate was grown on autoclaved wheat grains and wheat cultures were fed by twenty-one-day-old female rats for the toxicity test. Twenty-six out of 92 isolates caused the death accompanying feed refusal, severe weight loss, liver damage, and hemorrhages in the stomach and intestines. Of the toxigenic isolates, 17 isolates of F. moniliforme, 4 of F. oxysporum, 3 of F. proliferatum, and one of each F. sporotrichioides and unknown species were lethal to rats. The analyses of fumonisin B1 production of the 26 toxigenic Fusarium isolates were carried out by thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and fumonisin B1 was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Fumonisin B1 was produced in wheat culture at levels ranging from 280 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g to 3,952 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g by all of toxigenic F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum, but by none of the other toxigenic Fusarium species. The present results suggest the high possibility of natural occurrence of fumonisin B1 in corn samples imported from China.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.461-468
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• 2016

One of the important phytohormones produced by plant growth promoting bacteria is the auxin; indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), with L-tryptophan as the precursor. In this study, we focused on the investigation of optimal conditions for the production of IAA by Bacillus megaterium BM5. We investigated culturing conditions, such as incubation temperature, pH of the culture medium and incubation period, with varying media components such as inoculation volume, tryptophan concentration and carbon and nitrogen source. Besides, optimization study intended for high IAA production was carried out with fermentation parameters such as rpm and aeration. The initial yield of $42{\mu}g\;IAA\;ml^{-1}$ after 24 hr increased to $85{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ when 5% (v/v) of L-tryptophan was used in the culture broth. The maximum yield of $320{\mu}g\;IAA\;ml^{-1}$ was observed in trypticase soy broth (TSB) supplemented with starch and soybean meal as C and N sources with a C/N ratio of 3:1 (v/v) at $30^{\circ}C$, pH 8.0 for 48 hrs with 1.0 vvm and 250 rpm in 5 L working volume using 10 L scale fermenter. The bacterial auxin extracted from the culture broth was confirmed by thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography and effect on plant growth was confirmed by root elongation test.