• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1991

A Study was carried out to elucidate the triglyceride compositions of the red pepper seed oils harvested from two different areas. The oil was extracted from the red pepper seed with nhexane. Each triglyceride of the oil was separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fractonated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on the basis of acyl carbon numbers, and partition number group(PN) and fatty acid composition of triglyceride were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). From the results, it was found that the red pepper seed oils of the Chungsong and Youngyang areas consisted of 14 and 18 kinds of triglycerides, respectively. The red pepper seed oil of the Chungsong area consisted of (C18:2, C18:2, C18:2=41.0%), (C16:0, C18:2, C18:2=37.1%), and that of the Youngyang area consisted of (C18:2, C18:2, C18:2=41.0%), (C16:0, C18:2, C18:2=36.3%) and (C16:0, C16:2, C18:2=8.4%), as the major triglycerides.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2012

In order to enzymatically produce chitooligosaccharide using the crude enzyme preparation from Bacillus cereus D-11, we first studied the optimal reaction conditions. It was found that the optimal temperature for hydrolysis of chitosan was $55^{\circ}C$. The ratio of enzyme/substrate should not be lower than 0.13 U/mg in the reaction mixture. The enzyme activity was stable below $50^{\circ}C$. The products of enzymatic reaction were analyzed by both thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Under the appropriate condition, chitosan was hydrolyzed using the enzyme preparation. The resulting chitooligosaccharides were purified and separated by Dowex ($H^+$) ion exchange chromatography. From 4 g soluble chitosan, 0.95 g $(GlcN)_2$, 1.43 g $(GlcN)_3$, and 1.18 g $(GlcN)_4$ were recovered.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.882-887
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• 2014

We studied oocyte steroidogenesis in blacktip grouper Epinephelus fasciatus ovarian follicles during vitellogenesis. Vitellogenic oocytes with average diameters of 0.45, 0.48 and 0.50 mm were incubated in vitro in the presence of $[^3H]17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone as a precursor. The steroid metabolites were analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major metabolites in the vitellogenic oocytes were androstenedione ($A_4$), testosterone (T), estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$), and estrone ($E_1$). The metabolites of androgen ($A_4$ and T) were higher in the 0.50-mm oocytes than in the 0.45- and 0.48-mm oocytes, while the estrogen metabolites (E2 and E1) were lower in the 0.50-mm oocytes. These results suggest that 0.50-mm oocytes are fully vitellogenic following initiation of the maturation process.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2021

We studied steroid metabolites produced from red-spotted grouper ovarian follicles during maturation. Oocytes with 350-500 ㎛ diameter were in vitro incubated in the presence of [³H] 17α-hydroxyprogesterone as a precursor. Steroid metabolites were extracted from incubated media and oocytes. The extracts were separated and identified using thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identified metabolites were androstenedione (A₄), testosterone (T) and estrone (E₁). The metabolites of A₄ was dominant in all size of oocytes and it was the highest in 480 ㎛ diameter oocytes. The metabolites of two progestins, 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 17α,20α-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one were detected in the oocytes less than 480 ㎛ diameter although they were not identified definitely. In the oocytes of 480 ㎛ diameter, metabolite of progestin was the highest, and germinal vesicle (GV) was still in the middle of cytoplasm. In the oocytes of 500 ㎛ diameter, GV was began to migrate and the major metabolites were A₄ and E₁. The metabolite of E₁ was detected in all size of oocytes and it was higher than that of E₂. These results suggest that oocytes of 480 ㎛ diameter are the transitional stage involving steroidogenic shift to final oocyte maturation and potential function of E₁ during maturation process.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2009

병원성 미생물을 방제하기 위하여 국내의 고추 재배지에서 탄저병균에 감염된 고추로부터 Bacillus속 균주를 분리하였다. 이들 중 고추탄저병균인 C. gloeosporioides 균주와 식물에 회색곰팡이병을 일으키는 Botrytis cinerea 균주에 대한 길항작용이 가장 우수한 Bacillus sp. IUB158-03을 선발하였다. 선발된 균주의 형태적, 생리 생화학적 특성과 MicroLog 방법을 이용하여 동정된된 균주는 B. amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03로 명명하였다. 항진균물질 생산을 위한 최적배지 조건은 2% soluble starch, 3% yeast extract, 0.5% tryptone, 0.5% $NH_4H_2PO_4$, 1% NaCl의 pH 6.0에서 $25^{\circ}C$, 72시간 배양한 추출물에서 가장 높은 항진균활성을 나타내었다. B. amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03이 생산한 항진균물질을 butanol로 추출한 후 silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, and HPLC을 이용하여 항진균물질을 정제하였다. 정제된 항진균물질은 TLC plate 상에서 $R_f$값이 0.27인 것이 확인되었으며, 이 물질은 식물병원균인 Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cineria, Alternata alternaria와 인체병원성 진균인 Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Cryptococcus neoformans 등에만 선택적으로 높은 항진균 활성을 보였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.427-432
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• 1995

Ganglioside GM3 and sialidase activities in human fetal liver have been investigated. Gangliosides were extracted from fetal livers by the Folch-Suzuki method and analyzed by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). GM3 increased, but lactosylceramide (LacCer) decreased predominantly over the developmental stages. Sialidase in human fetal liver was mainly localized in the lysosomal fraction and its activity was high in the earlier stages of development. The optimum pH for this enzyme was 4.3~4.4. Sialidase was more active with the ganglioside mixture than with GM3, sialyllactose or fetuin. Fetal liver sialidase was still active (20% activity) in the presence of 25% methanol. These results suggested that the changes of the ganglioside GM3 and sialidase activity may be involved in the regulation of cell growth in human fetal liver during development.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.48-55
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• 2015

1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) has been extensively investigated for its applications as an a-glucosidase inhibitor in postprandial hyperglycemia, and has been applied to nutraceuticals and medicines to prevent or delay the progression of type 2 diabetes. However, the amount of DNJ in mulberry leaves is low (approximately 0.1%), therefore, a more effective extraction method is needed. In this study, microbial DNJ production was developed as an alternative to chemical methods. We identified fermented sericultural products and bacteria that produce DNJ in large quantities using high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The inhibition of a-glucosidase activity was examined with respect to DNJ production or non-production. Crude DNJ from the isolated strains exhibited greater than 70% a-glucosidase activity. An investigation of the effect of mulberry leaf powder concentration (1~5%), using high DNJ producing bacteria, provided evidence for microbial mass production of DNJ.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1422-1427
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• 2013

Scutellaria baicalensis (SB), a traditional herb with high pharmacological value, contains more than 10% flavone by weight. To improve the biological activity of flavones in SB, we aimed to enhance the bioconversion of baicalin (BG) to baicalein (B) and wogonoside (WG) to wogonin (W) in SB during fermentation using beta-glucuronidase produced from Lactobacillus brevis RO1. After activation, L. brevis RO1 was cultured in milk containing SB root extract with various carbon or nitrogen sources at $37^{\circ}C$ for 72 h. During fermentation, the growth patterns of L. brevis RO1 and changes in the flavone content were assessed using thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. After 72 h of fermentation, the concentrations of B and W in the control group increased by only 0.15 and 0.12 mM, respectively, whereas they increased by 0.57 and 0.24 mM in the fish peptone group. The production of B and W was enhanced by the addition of 0.4% fish peptone, which not only improved the growth of L. brevis RO1 (p < 0.001) but also enhanced the bioconversion of flavones. In conclusion, the bioconversion of flavones in SB may provide a potential application for the enhancement of the functional components in SB.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.129-135
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• 1994

Ninety-two isolates of Fusarium species were obtained from Chinese corn samples. The predominant Fusarium species isolated from corn seeds were F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum and F. subglutinans, and all 13 species were identified. Each isolate was grown on autoclaved wheat grains and wheat cultures were fed by twenty-one-day-old female rats for the toxicity test. Twenty-six out of 92 isolates caused the death accompanying feed refusal, severe weight loss, liver damage, and hemorrhages in the stomach and intestines. Of the toxigenic isolates, 17 isolates of F. moniliforme, 4 of F. oxysporum, 3 of F. proliferatum, and one of each F. sporotrichioides and unknown species were lethal to rats. The analyses of fumonisin B1 production of the 26 toxigenic Fusarium isolates were carried out by thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and fumonisin B1 was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Fumonisin B1 was produced in wheat culture at levels ranging from 280 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g to 3,952 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g by all of toxigenic F. moniliforme and F. proliferatum, but by none of the other toxigenic Fusarium species. The present results suggest the high possibility of natural occurrence of fumonisin B1 in corn samples imported from China.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2016

One of the important phytohormones produced by plant growth promoting bacteria is the auxin; indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), with L-tryptophan as the precursor. In this study, we focused on the investigation of optimal conditions for the production of IAA by Bacillus megaterium BM5. We investigated culturing conditions, such as incubation temperature, pH of the culture medium and incubation period, with varying media components such as inoculation volume, tryptophan concentration and carbon and nitrogen source. Besides, optimization study intended for high IAA production was carried out with fermentation parameters such as rpm and aeration. The initial yield of $42{\mu}g\;IAA\;ml^{-1}$ after 24 hr increased to $85{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ when 5% (v/v) of L-tryptophan was used in the culture broth. The maximum yield of $320{\mu}g\;IAA\;ml^{-1}$ was observed in trypticase soy broth (TSB) supplemented with starch and soybean meal as C and N sources with a C/N ratio of 3:1 (v/v) at $30^{\circ}C$, pH 8.0 for 48 hrs with 1.0 vvm and 250 rpm in 5 L working volume using 10 L scale fermenter. The bacterial auxin extracted from the culture broth was confirmed by thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography and effect on plant growth was confirmed by root elongation test.