• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.11-29
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of acupuncture and electro-acupuncture at $LI_4$ on intestinal motility in rat. Methods : We made over-activated state of intestinal motility with carbachol and suppressed state of intestinal motility with loperamide in rat and carried out needle retention acupuncture, low frequency electro-acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture at $LI_4$ or sham point in rat devided into pre-treatment group and post-treatment group. and we resulted as follow for measuring charcoal travel rate to observe intestinal motility. Results : 1. Any of needle retention acupuncture, low frequency electro-acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture at $LI_4$ have no significant influences on intestinal motility of rat in normal state. 2. All of the pre-treatment and post-treatment of needle retention acupuncture, low frequency electro-acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture didn't significantly decrease intestinal motility in rat which over-activated with carbachol. 3. Pre-treatment of needle retention acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture significantly increased intestinal motility in rat which suppressed with loperamide. 4. Post-treatment of needle retention acupuncture, low frequency electro-acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture significantly increased intestinal motility in rat which suppressed with loperamide. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture on $LI_4$ have preventive effect and therapeutic effect on suppressed intestinal motility, and especially high frequency electro-acupuncture is more effective.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 2013

Purpose: The application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is beneficial for joint movements, inhibition of spasticity, and the improvement of walking ability in patients with chronic hemiplegia. This study aimed to identify the effect of the application of TENS to the knee extensor on the affected side with respect to postural-sway distance and velocity during the sit-to stand movement. Methods: We included 19 patients with post-stroke hemiplegia in this study. They underwent measurements during the sit-to stand movement on a force plate with 5 different stimulation dosages applied over 7 s:No TENS, high-frequency and high intensity TENS, high-frequency and low intensity TENS, low-frequency and high intensity TENS, and low-frequency and low intensity TENS The 5 different condition were administered in random order. Results: The group that received TENS application exhibited a significant decrease in path length and average velocity of center of pressure (COP) displacement compared with the group that did not receive TENS application. TENS dosage at low frequency (3Hz) and high intensity yielded a significant decrease in path length, average velocity, mediolateral distance and anteroposterior distance of COP displacement (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of the application of low-frequency TENS on STS performance. These findings provide useful information on the application of TENS for the reduction of postural sway during the sit-to-stand movement after stroke.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.312-319
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• 1998

The effect of noise on the input motion for the seismic test of structures using shaking table was studied. Table motions usually contain high frequency contents which influence the PGA of input motions. It was shown that the noise influenced PGA much with minor changes in high frequency contents. The Butterworth bandpass filter can be effectively used. The adequacy of the table motion should be judged based on both the frequency contents and the PGA.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-82
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• 2017

A new and effective Doppler effects compensation scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplex(OFDM) system based on constellation estimation is presented with analytical descriptions which quantitatively clarify the mechanism of inter-carrier interference(ICI). The proposed compensation techniques, applicable both frequency and time domain with remarkable accuracy, are crucial to the future OFDM system operating on ultra high speed mobile vehicles.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.48-62
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• 1997

Several studies have evaluated the effects of types of relative frequency and delay interval of knowledge of results(KR) on motor skill learning independently. The purpose of this study was to determine more effective types of KR relative frequency and KR delay interval for motor learning. Forty-six healthy subjects (15 female, 31 male) with no previous experience with this experiment participated. The subjects ranged in age from 20 to 29 years (mean=23.9, SD=0.474). All subjects were assigned to one of four groups: a high-instant group, a high-delay group, a low-instant group, and a low-delay group. During the acquisition phase, subjects practiced movements to a target (400 mm) with either a high (83%) or low (33%) KR relative frequency, and with either an instantaneous or delayed (after 8s) KR. Four groups were evaluated on retention (after 3min and 24hr) and transfer (450 mm) tests. The major findings were as follows: (1) there were no between-group differences in acquisition and short-term retention (p>0.05, (2) a low (33%) KR relative frequency during practice was as effective for learning as measured by both long-tenn retention and transfer tests, compared with high (83%) KR practice conditions (p<0.05), (3) delayed (8s) KR enhanced learning as measured by both long-term retention and transfer tests, compared with instantaneous KR practice conditions (p<0.05), and (4) there were no interactions between KR relative frequency and KR delay interval during acquisition, retention, and transfer phases. The results suggest that relatively less frequent and delayed KR are more effective types for motor learning than more frequent and instantaneous KR.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.163-171
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• 2004

The primary goal of the present study was to explore more detailed evidence for the influence of aging and gender effects on the capability of Korean healthy, ears to generate DPOAEs. DPOAEs were examined in series of human subjects, with clinically nonnal hearing, ranging in age from 10 to 65 years. All 60 Koreans were divided into 6 age groups. Each age group included 10 participants, 5 females and 5 males. The gender effects on the difference between the absolute amplitude and noise floor value in DPOAEs did not exist. The difference increased as the frequency increased. The aging effects on the difference between the absolute amplitude and noise floor value in DPOAEs did exist. The difference increased as the frequency increased but orderly age effects could not be found. The principle finding was that, when compared between emissions in young and old ears, DPOAEs accurately tracked the systematic deterioration of high-frequency hearing in aging individuals. Such results support the need to reestablish the criterion for interpretation of DPOAEs in the elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2001

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used widely, but its effects are controversial. This is probably due to the varying intensity and type of pain. We designed a study to assess the effects of the TENS on the RIII nociceptive flexion reflex as the resting pain level and the temporal summation as a repeated, movement related pain in 7 normal volunteer subjects. Methods: High frequency (80 Hz), non-noxious TENS was applied over the left popliteal fossa for 20 minutes. Ipsilateral RIII reflexes induced by single electrical stimulus and temporal summation of pain responses to repeated stimuli (five stimuli at 2 Hz) were recorded before, during (just before stopping), and subsequently at 20 minutes after TENS. Results: R (III) nociceptive flexion reflex activity during and after TENS was more significantly decreased than before treatment. However, the temporal summation threshold was not changed. Conclusions: We conclude that high frequency, non-noxious TENS could be effective on resting pain relief in the same segment but not on the movement related pain.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.878-883
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• 2001

The effects of external excitation with various frequencies and amplitudes on the flame behavior and pollution emission characteristics from a laminar jet flame are experimentally investigated. Measurements of $NO_{x}$ emission indices($EINO_{x}$), performed in unconformed and vertical lifted flame at resonance frequency by strong excitation, have been conducted experimentally. It was also conducted to investigate the effects of excited frequency on $NO_{x}$ emissions with a various frequency ranged 0Hz to 2kHz. From the vertical lifted flame like turbulent of the excited jet with resonance frequency was shown that the dependence of $NO_{x}$ emission could be categorized into three groups: Group 1 of intermediate flame length and relative narrow flame volume yielding low $NO_{x}$ emission, Group 2 of short flame length but large flame volume yielding high $NO_{x}$ emission and Group 3 of long flame length with low temperature contours yielding high $NO_{x}$ emission.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1543-1548
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• 2007

Recent experiments investigating the analgesic or anti-stress effects of electro-acupuncture provide extensive evidence that opioid or stress hormone system is involved in those effects, respectively. It has been also suggested that opioid or stress hormones modulate long-term memory consolidation or retrieval in animals and human subjects. This article reviews the possibilitythat electroacupuncture can modulate memory consolidation or retrieval. The release of serum cortisol is enhanced or reduced by high-frequency or low-frequency electroacupuncture, respectively. Also the release of beta endorphin and enkephalin is enhanced by low-frequency electroacupuncture and the release of dynorphin is enhanced by high-frequency electroacupunture. The memory consolidation is enhanced by post-training injection of Glucocorticoids, Naloxone or Dynorphin. So this review suggests strongly that memory consolidation can be modulated by electroacupuncture.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 1995

High frequency Jet ventilation (HFJV) via cricothyroid membrane puncture contols frequency of ventilation as 20-200/min and persuits adequate gas exchange. HFJV was known to have advantages such as improvement of PaO$_2$, lesser barotrauma, stable hemodynamic effects, good operative field and lesser movement of head. The purpose of this study was to clarify the advantages of HFJV in cases of microlaryngeal surgery which operating time was expected even within 30 minutes. Twenty-eight patients were divided two groups : 1)control group : general endotracheal Intubation anesthesia. 2)experimental group : HFJV via cricothyroid membrane puncture with intravenous anesthesia, frequency 40/min, I/E ratio 40%, driving pressure 40 psi. We analyzed blood pressure, arterial blood gas, score of general condition and recovery time after operation. In conclusion, HFJV via cricothyroid membrane puncture had a good score of general condition and rapid recovery of consciousness, although some accumulation of P$CO_2$and elevation of blood pressure.