• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1930-1938
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• 2018

Objective: The present study attempted to determine safe and sufficient growth promoters in poultry feeding. Methods: A total of 520 seven-day-old quail chicks were randomly allotted to eight treatment groups in a $4{\times}2$ factorial design experiment to evaluate the effect of different levels of humic acid (HA) and black cumin (BC) seed and their interactions on growth, carcass traits, gut microbes, and blood chemistry of growing quails. Quails were randomly distributed into 8 groups in a $4{\times}2$ factorial design, included 4 HA levels (0, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 g/kg diet) and 2 BC levels (0 or 5 g/ kg diet). Results: Increasing HA level associated with a gradual increase in final weight, feed intake and body weight gain along with an improvement in feed conversion ratio. Dietary addition of 5 g BC powder/kg diet gave similar results. The highest level of HA (2.25 g/kg diet) recorded the best values of carcass weight, breast yield, intestinal length, and intestinal weight comparing with the control and other HA levels. Total viable microbial counts decreased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of HA except the intermediate level (1.5 g/kg diet). The concentration of serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (excluding that 0.75 g HA) decreased (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein increased (p = 0.034) along with increasing HA level. The interaction between the $2.25g\;HA{\times}5g$ gave the best results regarding most studied parameters. Conclusion: These findings indicated that HA combined with BC could be used as effective growth promoters, with the recommended level being 2.25 g HA+5 g BC/kg of quail diet.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.812-823
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Korean rice wine residue (RWR) on the growth performance and blood profiles of Hanwoo steers in the fattening stage. In situ and in vivo experiments were conducted to analyze rumen fermentation characteristics and total tract digestibility, respectively. Three cannulated Hanwoo steers (mean body weight: 448 ± 30 kg) were used in both analyses. The growth performance of 27 experimental animals in the fattening stage (initial body weight: 353.58 ± 9.76 kg) was evaluated after 13 months of feeding. The animals were divided into three treatment groups (n = 9/group). The treatments comprised total mixed ration (TMR) only (CON), TMR + 10% RWR (10% RWR), and TMR + 15% RWR (15% RWR). The diets of equal proportions were fed daily at 08:00 and 18:00 h based on 2% of the body weight. The animals had free access to water and trace mineral salts throughout the experiment. Supplementation of 15% RWR significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the rumen fluid pH compared with the control treatment, but there was no significant difference in the total volatile fatty acid concentration. It also significantly increased (p < 0.05) dry matter digestibility compared with the other treatments. The total weight gain and average daily gain of the animals in the RWR-supplemented groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the control group. Furthermore, the feed intake and feed efficiency of the RWR-supplemented groups were higher than those of the control group. Supplementation of RWR did not affect the alcohol, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein concentrations, and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase activities in the blood; these parameters were within the normal range. The high-density lipoprotein and creatinine concentrations were significantly higher in the 15% RWR group, whereas the blood urea nitrogen concentration was significantly higher in the 10% RWR group than in the other groups. These results suggest that TMR with 15% RWR can serve as an alternate feed resource for ruminants.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

본 연구는 키토산을 육계 사료에 첨가하지 않은 무첨가구를 대조구로 하고, 사료에 1% 첨가구를 T1, 2% 첨가구를 T2, 음수에 1% 첨가구를 T3, 2% 첨가구를 T4로 첨가 급여하면서 육계의 생산성을 조사하였고, 키토산을 급여한 계육의 일반 성분, 혈청콜레스테롤, pH, TBARS, WHC, 전단력, 육색 및 지방산 조성의 변화를 검토하고자 육계 200수(Arbor Acre Broiler, male)를 공시하여 사양한 후 다리 부위 근육을 이용하여 분석하였다. 육계의 증체량, 사료 요구율 등의 생산성은 차이가 없었다. 계육의 일반 성분 중에 조지방 함량은 대조구와 T3에서 유의적으로 높은 함량을 보였고 (P<0.05), 수분, 조단백질 및 조회분은 키토산 급여에 의한 영향은 없었다. pH는 대조구보다 키토산 급여구에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). TBARS는 키토산 급여구에서 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였고, 음수에 첨가하는 방법보다는 사료에 첨가하는 방법이 효과적이었다. 키토산 급여량이 증가할수록 낮은 TBARS값을 나타내어(P<0.05), 키토산은 계육의 저장성의 향상 가능성이 보였다. 혈청콜레스테롤은 키토산을 급여함으로써 총콜레스테롤, LDL-C은 감소하고, HDL-C은 증가하고, 첨가량이 많을수록 그리고 음수보다는 사료에 첨가하는 방법이 효과적이었다. 육색은 키토산 급여구에서 $L^*$값과 $b^*$값은 높았고, 지방산은 palmitic acid, oleic acid 등은 증가하고, linoleic acid 및 arachidonic acid는 감소하였다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 키토산을 사료에 첨가 급여함으로 총 콜레스테롤, LDL-C은 감소하고, HDL-C은 증가하며, TBARS값을 낮추는 효과가 있다. 이와 같은 결과는 음수보다는 사료에 첨가하는 방법이 유리하며 첨가량이 많을수록 좋았다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.173-186
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• 1996

본 연구는 40세 이상 중년의 남자 근로자 253명을 대상으로 신체 적합도 및 여가중 신체 활동과 혈중 지질 중 심혈관질환 발생에 특히 중요한 혈중 총콜레스테롤 값, HDL 콜레스테롤 값 및 총콜레스테롤/HDL 콜레스테롤 비와의 관련성을 알아 보기 위하여 시도된 단면조사연구이다. 단순분석에서 혈중 총콜레스테롤 값과 유의한 상관 관계가 있는 변수는 신체 적합도(r=-0.27), 비만지수(r=0.27)였다. 여가중 신체 활동은 총콜레스테롤 값이 170mg/dl 이상군에서만 총콜레스테롤 값과 유의한 상관관계(r= -0.20)가 있었다. HDL 콜레스테롤 값과 유의한 상관관계가 있는 변수들은 신체 적합도(r=0.15), 비만지수(r=-0.22)및 1주간 음주량(r=0.14)이였다. 총콜레스테롤/HDL 콜레스테롤 비와 유의한 상관관계가 있는 변수들은 신체 적합도(r=0.23), 비만지수(r=0.32), 총흡연지수(r=0.13), 1주간 음주량(r=-0.13) 및 야채 선호도(r=0.13)이었다. 신체 적합도는 안정시 맥박수와 중등도의 상관관계(r=-0.66)가 있었고, 여가중 신체 활동(r=0.19)및 비만지수(r=-0.18)와도 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 다중회귀분석(Multiple linear regression) 결과 혈중 총콜레스테롤 값과 유의한 관련성을 보이는 변수는 신체 적합도(beta=-0.23)와 비만지수(beta=0.18)이었다. HDL 콜레스테롤 값과 유의한 관련성을 보이는 변수는 비만지수(beta=-0.25)뿐이었다. 총콜레스테롤/HDL 콜레스테롤 비와 유의한 관련성을 보이는 변수는 비만지수(beta=0.30)와 신체 적합도(beta=-0.16) 및 야채선호도(beta=0.14)이었다. 결론적으로 중년 남성 근로자들에서 신체 적합도는 비만지수와 함께 혈중 총콜레스테롤 값, HDL 콜레스테롤 값, 총콜레스테롤/HDL 콜레스테롤 비의 중요한 관련 요인이었다. 여가중 신체 활동은 혈중 총콜레스테롤 값이 170mg/dl 이상인 군에서만 혈중 총콜레스테롤 값과 관계가 있었고, 신체 적합도와는 관련성이 유의하지만 크지 않았다. 따라서 신체 적합도가 여가중 신체 활동보다 혈중 지질 농도의 더 중요한 관련요인이며, 앞으로 신체 활동에 관련된 역학적 연구에서 신체 적합도가 독립적이고 중요한 요인으로 추가되어야 할 것이다.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

Dyslipidemia, mainly characterized by high triglyceride (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, is an important etiological factor in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Considering the relationship between childhood obesity and CVD risk, it would be worthwhile to evaluate whether previously identified lipid-related variants in adult subjects are associated with lipid variations in a childhood obesity study (n = 482). In an association analysis for 16 genome-wide association study (GWAS)-based candidate loci, we confirmed significant associations of a genetic predisposition to lipoprotein concentrations in a childhood obesity study. Having two loci (rs10503669 at LPL and rs16940212 at LIPC) that showed the strongest association with blood levels of TG and HDL-C, we calculated a genetic risk score (GRS), representing the sum of the risk alleles. It has been observed that increasing GRS is significantly associated with decreased HDL-C (effect size, $-1.13{\pm}0.07$) compared to single nucleotide polymorphism combinations without two risk variants. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between allelic dosage score and risk allele (rs10503669 at LPL) on high TG levels (effect size, $10.89{\pm}0.84$). These two loci yielded consistent associations in our previous meta-analysis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the genetic architecture of circulating lipid levels (TG and HDL-C) overlap to a large extent in childhood as well as in adulthood. Post-GWAS functional characterization of these variants is further required to elucidate their pathophysiological roles and biological mechanisms.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.411-419
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• 2016

본 연구는 고지방식이와 쑥추출물이 흰쥐의 지질대사, 인슐린저항성, 아디포카인 분비에 미치는 효과를 측정하였다. 고지방식이에 의해 부고환지방과 복막후강지방의 축적이 증가되었고, 그 결과 혈장 항염증성 아디포카인은 감소하고 염증성 아디포카인은 증가하여 아디포넥틴/렙틴 및 아디포넥틴/PAI-1 비가 저하되는 불균형을 초래하였다. 내장지방 축적과 관련된 아디포카인의 불균형은 TG, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C를 증가시키고 HOMA-IR의 증가를 유발한 것으로 추정된다. 이에 비해 쑥 에탄올추출물의 첨가는 부고환지방과 복막후강지방의 축적을 완화함으로써 PAI-1과 렙틴을 감소시켜 아디포넥틴/렙틴 및 아디포넥틴/PAI-1 비의 저하를 억제하고 아디포카인의 균형을 상대적으로 유지하였으며, TG, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C 및 HOMA-IR 수치가 감소하였다. 따라서 쑥 에탄올추출물은 내장지방 축적을 억제하고 아디포카인의 분비, 특히 염증성물질인 렙틴과 PAI-1의 분비를 저하시켜 아디포카인의 균형을 조절함으로써 지질대사 및 인슐린저항성을 개선하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.743-749
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 수경재배 인삼의 전초를 이용하여 식초를 제조하여 진세노사이드의 패턴 및 함량 변화를 확인하고자 하였으며, 고지방 식이로 유도된 비만 쥐에 수경재배 인삼 식초를 투여하여 체중, 체지방 및 지질대사를 분석함으로써 항비만 식품으로서 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 수경재배 인삼으로 식초 제조 시 산도는 $5.60{\pm}0.24%$이었으며, 초산 발효 과정에서 진세노사이드 Re가 감소하고 진세노사이드 Rg2가 약 4배 수준 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 수경재배 인삼 식초의 항비만 효과를 확인하기 위해 4주령 C57BL/6J mice에 고지방 식이를 투여하면서 수경재배 인삼 식초 및 녹차추출물을 8주간 투여하였다. 실험식이 종료 후 체중 변화를 비교한 결과 수경재배 인삼초투여군(HGV) 및 녹차추출물투여군(GT)은 고지방식이군(HFD)과 비교하여 유의적인 체중감소효과가 관찰되었다. 체성분 분석결과 복부지방 및 피하지방의 함량이 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 개복 후 복부 주위의 지방을 적출하여 무게 측정 시 고지방식이군(HFD)과 비교하여 수경재배 인삼초투여군(HGT) 및 녹차추출물 투여군(GT)은 각각 85.5, 83.3% 낮아진 것으로 확인되었다. 혈중지질프로파일 분석 결과 수경재배 인삼초투여군(HGV) 및 녹차추출물투여군(GT)은 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤이 고지방식이군(HFD)과 비교하여 유의적으로 낮아졌으며, HDL 콜레스테롤이 증가된 것으로 확인되었다. 고지방 식이에 의한 간 독성을 관찰하기 위해 AST 및 ALT 효소 활성을 측정하였으며, 수경재배 인삼초투여군(HGV)은 고지방식이군(HFD)과 비교하여 각각 67.3, 75.1%, 녹차추출물투여군(GT)은 각각 68.4, 75.1% 감소 효과가 관찰되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 수경재배 인삼으로 식초 제조 시 흡수율이 우수한 proginseonside Rg2의 함량이 증가되어 생리활성 강화 효과를 기대할 수 있으며, 체지방 축적을 억제하고 혈청 지질 조성을 개선시킴으로써 항비만 식품소재로 가치가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.483-494
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• 2015

Purpose: This study identified effects of dietary and physical activity interventions including dietary interventions or physical activity interventions alone or combined dietary-physical activity interventions to improve symptoms in metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose through meta-analysis. Methods: Articles on metabolic syndrome X published from 1988 to 2013 were searched through electronic databases, Google Scholar, and reference reviews. Methodological quality was assessed by the checklist, SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network). Results: In the meta-analysis, there were 9 articles reporting 13 interventions with 736 participants. Using random effect models, the dietary and/or physical activity interventions showed a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 1.30 cm, 95% CI: - 2.44~ - 0.15, p=.027). The combined dietary-physical activity interventions showed a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 2.77 cm, 95% CI: - 4.77~ - 0.76, p=.007) and systolic blood pressure ( - 5.44 mmHg, 95% CI: - 10.76~ - 0.12, p=.044). Additionally, interventions of over 24 weeks yielded a lower mean difference in waist circumference ( - 2.78 cm, 95% CI: - 4.69~ - 0.87, p=.004) and diastolic blood pressure ( - 1.93 mmHg, 95% CI: - 3.63~ - 0.22, p=.026). Conclusion: The findings indicate that dietary and/or physical activity interventions for metabolic syndrome reduce central obesity with no adverse effects. This finding provides objective evidences for dietary and physical activity management on metabolic syndrome as an efficient intervention.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2013

Abnormal regulation of glucose and impaired lipid metabolism that result from a defective or deficient insulin are the key etiological factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The our study evaluated the beneficial effect of diet supplementation with Lentinus edodes on hyperglycemia and lipid metabolism in normal and type 2 diabetic rats. The animals were divided into 4 groups: group I(control) rats were fed standard diet (12% of calories as fat); group II (T2DM) rats were fed HFD (40% of calories as fat) for 2 weeks and then injected with STZ (50 mg/kg); group III and group IV rats were continually fed a diet containing 1% and 10% Lentinus edodes for 4 weeks after T2DM induction, respectively. After 4 weeks we determined biochemical parameters such as glucose, insulin concentration, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration were also measured. There was a significant reduction in serum TC and TG in the Lentinus edodes supplement groups. The Lentinus edodes diet supplementation were found to have a potent lipid metabolism improvement as well as LDL concentration decreased and HDL concentration was increased. Concentrations of blood glucose and HbA1c in the experimental groups II were significantly decreased after 4 weeks compared with the control group. The Lentinus edodes diet supplementation is useful in regulating the glucose level, improves the insulin, HbA1c, serum lipid metabolism in experimental diabetic rats. We suggest that Lentinus edodes supplementation may have the control effects of diabetes mellitus by improving blood glucose control and lipid metabolism.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The immigrant population has grown considerably in South Korea since the early 1990s due to international marriages. Dietary changes in immigrants are an important issue, because they are related to health and disease patterns. This study was conducted to compare changes in dietary intake between baseline and follow-up periods. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Two hundreds thirty three Vietnamese female married immigrants. Baseline data were collected during 2006-2009, and the follow-up data were collected during 2008 and 2010. Food consumption was assessed using a 1-day 24-hour recall. RESULTS: The amount of the total food consumed (P < 0.001) including that of cereals (P = 0.004), vegetables (P = 0.003), and fruits (P = 0.002) decreased at follow-up compared to that at baseline, whereas consumption of milk and dairy products increased (P = 0.004). Accordingly, the overall energy and nutrient intake decreased at follow-up, including carbohydrates (P = 0.012), protein (P = 0.021), fiber (P = 0.008), iron (P = 0.009), zinc (P = 0.006), and folate (P = 0.002). Among various anthropometric and biochemical variables, mean skeletal muscle mass decreased (P = 0.012), plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased, (P = 0.020) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein decreased at follow-up (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A long-term follow-up study is needed to investigate the association between changes in food and nutrient intake and anthropometric and biochemical variables in these Vietnamese female marriage immigrants.