• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.248-261
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is that the blood nutrient indicator in adult women, is the depressive indicator. This study recruited 77 pre-menopausal women, and excluding missing values, 53 (mean age 44.2±6.5 years) blood indexes were statistically confirmed and then analyzed the effect of indexes on the Beck Depression Inventory. The Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI)'s average of the study subjects was 7.6±7.2, and most of the depression symptoms were within the normal range. Only two women were very serious and other two women were serious state. As a result of this study, 21 questions of BDI was classified into 5 sub-factors. Of these, 2 factors were considered physical depression, 1 factor was mood depression, 1 factor was cognitive depression, and 1 factor undecided. As a result of the correlation analysis, triglyceride, LDL(low density lipoprotein) cholesterol and potassium showed statistically significant positive relationship with depressive factors. On the other hand, HDL(high density lipoprotein) cholesterol, sodium and chloride ions showed negative relationship with depressive factors. When multiple regression analysis was performed. Considering the depression factors was dependent variable, and triglyceride, cholesterol, blood sugar, and ketone bodies was considered as independent variables. HDL(high density lipoprotein) cholesterol had a statistically significant negative effect on the depression factor 3. Considering the depression factors was dependent variable, and minerals were considered as independent variables. Potassium had a positive effect, and chloride ions had a negative effect on the depressive factor 3. This study was limited to 77 pre-menopausal women. In the future, post-menopausal women, men, and clinical neurological disorders group will be possible.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.70-94
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• 1999

This paper was performed for a cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmacologic treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Agents modeled were cholestyramine, gemfibrozil. bezafibrate, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin. Pharmacologic effectiveness was estimated by regression from reported clinical trials. Pharmacologic effects were expressed as the percent change of blood cholesterol level. Cost estimates included patients' travel expenses and time loss as well as resource consumption in the health care sector. Bezafibrate was the most efficient agent for reducing total cholesterol levels, having an cost over 1 year of ￦31.400 per percent reduction in total cholesterol. Simvastatin (10mg/d) was also efficient(￦33,100 per percent reduction). Chole styramine(8g/d) was least efficient at ￦90,200. For low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. simvastatin(10mg/d) was most efficient, at ￦23,200 per percent reduction, followed by lovastatin(20mg/d) at ￦28,000. Gemfibrozil was least efficient at ￦77,800 per percent reduction. For high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. bezafibrate(400mg/d) was most efficient at ￦39,300 per percent increase of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cholestyramine was least efficient at ￦514,700. Analyses combining low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density cholesterol effects suggest that bezafibrate(600mg/d) and simvastatin (10mg/d) were most efficient for reducing cardiovascular risk. The cost-effectiveness analysis results show that both simvastatin and bezafibrate could be efficient treatment. Simvastatin provide more effective treatment at higher cost, whereas bezafibrate is more cost-effective, as it may be less effective, at lower cost. Therefore, clinicians should choose reasonable treatment according to the patient's needs This pharmacoeconimc analysis will provide a guideline for efficient pharmacologic treatment and also be reference data for pricing new drugs.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2002

The purpose of this study to examine lipid profiles and lipoprotein (a) concentrations and identify the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with macrovascular complications. The subjects were consisted of 618 out patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from beginning of March through the end of April in 2001, who visited at the endocrinology department at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University in Seoul. The patient's clinical laboratory data and the occurrence of chronic complications of diabetes were assessed at medical record review. The data were analyzed using for t-test. chi-square test and logistic regression. The results were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in age. duration of diabetes. body mass index, sex, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and $HbA_{1}c$ level between macrovascular complication group and non macrovascular complication group. 2. There were significant differences in the level of total cholesterol. triglyceride. HDL(High density lipoprotein) cholesterol, LDL(Low density lipoprotein) cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) between macrovascular complication group and non macrovascular complication group. 3. Significant factor associated with macrovascular complication in the logistic regression best gut model was HDL cholesterol.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.311-315
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• 2008

The objective of the study was to investigate the antihyperlipidemic activity of alcoholic extract of Pongamia pinnata Linn. (PPAE) leaves in rats fed with high fat diet (HFD). PPAE was administered orally in the divided doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/day for 30 days in HFD fed rats. Body weights were observed and the analysis of serum lipid profile was carried out on day 30. Marked decrease in the body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) whereas significant increase in the levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) were observed after treatment with PPAE. However, PPAE in a dose of 250 mg/kg did not show significant (P < 0.05) increase in HDL levels. The PPAE also lowered TC: HDL-c and LDL: HDL-c ratios significantly suggesting it's antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective potential. The present work reveals that PPAE at the dose of 500 mg/kg/day exhibited significant (P < 0.01) antihyperlipidemic effects.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 1996

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Ganoderma lueuidum (GL) water extract on fat accumulation in the fatted rats Induced by the oral high fat administration for six weeks. Total cholesterol, neutral fat and epididymal fat pad of GL groups were lower than the control group. On the other hand, high density lipoprotein(HDL) -cholesterol was somewhat higher in GL than In the control group. In addition, the same result as the above case was obtained when examining adipose for liver and epididymal fat components. During the feeding experiment, level of low density lipoprotein(LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) increased while HDL was decreased in the control group as compared with normal group. The decree of LDL and VLDL was decreased, but HDL was increased in GL group as compared with the control group. Experiment group showed the Increased excretion as compared with the control group, in the excretion. Based on the above results, It was shown that it is possible to improve fat accumulation induced by high fat dietary through using the oral administration of Ganoderma lueidum boiling extract solutions.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.526-534
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica complex (OF) on the lipid metabolism, bile acid in feces, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, aspatate aminotransferase (AST) activity, composition of urine and expression of cholesterol related mRNA in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into non-diabetic control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic OF of 2% (OF-2) and diabetic OF of 5% (OF-5), then each group was fed for 3 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were decreased significantly (p<0.05) in OF-5 group compared to DC, but high density lipoprotein (HDL) was not changed. AST and ALT were also reduced and bile acid excretion was improved. Composition of urine in OF-5 was almost same in NC. The expression of cholesterol $7{\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA-R), Low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) mRNA indicated that feeding OF have the effects of cholesterol decreation in plasma by synthesis of bile acid from cholesterol. These results provide experimental evidence about improved lipid metabolism of the OF feeding in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.595-601
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate dietary lipid intakes and the plasma lipoprotein levels and fatty acid composition of eight healthy young Korean women for 7 days. After an overnight fast, blood samples were taken on the last day of dietary survey. The plasma were fractinated to very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL), low-density lipoprotein(LDL), and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) by ultracentrifugation. From each fraction, the content of triglyceride (TG), phospholipid(PL), cholesterol(CHOL), free fatty acid(FFA) and protein were determined. Fatty acid composition of total plasma lipid was alos analyzed. The subjects consumed 34.7$\pm$2.8g of fat daily. The ingested amounts of EPA and DHA were 0.2 and 0.4g/day, respectively. They also consumed 112.2$\pm$12.9mg of cholesterol per day. The concentrations of VLDL, LDL and HDL in the plasma were 66.5$\pm$6.1, 114.0$\pm$8.8 and 129.4$\pm$5.1mg/dL, respectively, so the percentages of VLDL, LDL, and HDL were 20.7, 44.8 and 34.5%, respectively. The VLDL was composed of 27.5mg/dL of TG, 39.7 of PL, 58.8 of CHOL, 3.1 of FFA, and 22.4 of protein. The HDL had 10.7mg/dL of TG, 23.7 of PL, 18.7 of CHOL, 2.6 of FFA, and 73.7 of protein. In the plasma, linoleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid, followed by palmitic and oleic acid, the percentages of these 3 fatty acids were 30.8, 23.4 and 17.7%, respectively. The result indicated that the plasma levels of lipoprotein in the healthy young Korean women were slightly low and the levels of EPA and DHA were relatively high, compared to the data of other investigatiors. This might be due to the fact that they consumed less fat and cholesterol and higher EPA and DHA.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.258-269
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to present the effects of case management of a home visiting health service for clients with hypertension. Method: One-group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were 280 clients who received case management among the first and second registered group. The data were eight-week-case management results from January to December, 2010. In order to evaluate the effect of the visiting nursing service, biological indexes(blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, BMI) and self-care abilities(knowledge/attitude of hypertension, management of medication, nutritional care, confidence of self care) were measured. Result: Biological indexes and self-care abilities were improved, except total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein. Conclusion: The case management of home visiting health service by public health centers is considered to be an effective nursing service. Therefore, greater effort is needed for better maintenance of case management, and more research is needed in order to examine a variety of biological indexes.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.605-610
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• 2009

Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular disease, and are known to increase with repetitive exercise. In the current study, HDL fractions from athletes' sera were isolated and compared as a function of the type of sport (runners [n = 10], throwers [n = 10], wrestlers [n = 10], and weight lifters [n = 8]), and as an age- and gender-matched reference group (n = 14). Among athletes, HDL from runners had the strongest antioxidant activity. Immunodetection showed that runners and wrestlers had the highest levels of apoA-I and lowest levels of apoA-II in their HDL. Electron microscopy also revealed that HDL2 of runners and wrestlers were the largest in size. In conclusion, although all athlete groups had significantly better serum lipid/lipoprotein profiles than the reference group, runners and wrestlers had the most desirable lipoprotein function and structure, including antioxidant activity, HDL-associated enzyme activities and increased particle size.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2002

Aim To evaluate blood pressure, blood glucose and serum lipid level in obese and nonobese type 2 diabetic patients. Methods 206 obese(76 male, 130 female) and 442 nonobese(208 male, 234 female) type 2 diabetic patients underwent fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$ total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, microalbuminuria, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and C-peptide were measured. Diabetes was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association(ADA)criteria. Obesity was defined as body mass index(BMI, kilograms per meters squared)${\geq}25$. Results In male, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, microalbuminuria and C-peptide were significant higher in obese than nonobese patients. Fasting blood glucose were significantly lower in obese than nonobese patients. Diastolic blood pressure, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were no difference between 2 groups. In female, triglycerides and C-peptide were significant higher in obese than nonobese patients, Blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose, $HbA_1c$, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, microalbuminuria, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were no difference between 2 groups. Conclusion Our present study supports that increased triglycerides play a major role in increasing the risk of coronary heart disease(CHD) in obese women type 2 diabetic patients.