• 설비공학논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2013

Some characteristics of nitrogen-water slug flow were optically measured, in vertical acrylic tubes of 2, 5 and 8 mm diameter. Bubble velocity, bubble and unit cell lengths were measured, by analyzing the light intensity signals from two sets of dot laser-infrared sensor modules mounted along the transparent tubes. Optical images of the bubbles were also taken and analyzed, to measure bubble shapes and liquid film thickness. It was found that the measured bubble velocities were in good agreement with the empirical models in the literature, except for those measured under high superficial velocity condition in the 2 mm tube. Bubble length was found to be the longest in the 2 mm tube, being 4 to 5 times those of the other tubes. Liquid film was found to have developed early in the 2 mm tube, which made the blunt shape of the bubble head. Liquid film thickness in the 8 mm tube was measured at almost twice those of the other tubes.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2000

유동장의 2차원 평면 속도 분포를 측정하기 위하여 two-color PIV 기법을 개발하였고, 마하 2.0 초음속 노즐에 적용하여 보았다 이 기법은 single-color PIV 기법과 유사하나 서로 다른 색의 두 레이저 빔을 사용하여 방향성의 문제를 해결하는 차이점을 갖는다. 녹색의 레이저 평면광 (532 nm)과 적색의 레이저 평면광 (619 nm)이 주입된 입자를 조사하기 위하여 사용되었고, 입자 위치가 고해상도 (3060${\times}$2036) 디지털 칼라 CCD 카메라에 기록되었다. 이러한 디지털 칼라 CCD 카메라론 이용한 two-color PIV 시스템은 사진 필름 현상 시간과 이에 따른 디지털화하는 시간 그리고 방향성의 문제론 해결하기 위해 사용되는 일반적인 image shifting 기법과 관련된 어려움을 제거해 준다. 또한 고속 유동장에서는 알맞은 입자 밀도의 주입이 어려워지는데, two-color PIV는 높은 신호 대 잡음비로 인하여 속도 벡터론 얻기 위해서 조사영역에 존재해야 하는 벡터쌍의 수가 줄어들게 된다. 따라서 다른 색의 두레이저 빔의 시간 간격을 조절함으로써 고속 유동장의 속도 분포를 쉽고 정확하게 측정할 수 있게 된다. 마하 2.0 초음속 노즐에서의 속도 분포가 측정되었으며, 속도장으로부터 변형률장을 구하여 과팽창 충격파 구조를 예측해 보았다. Two-color PIV에 의해 얻어진 속도 분포와 충격파의 위치 결과는 schlieren 사진과 비교 분석해 보았다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.241-242
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• 2008

The Velocity Autocorrelation Function (VAF) of the sodium ions is calculated for a range of temperature from 250K to 1000K and converted into the linear ac-conductivity and ac-susceptibility response via Fourier transformation. A peak is found in the conductivity around $6\times10^{12}$ Hz that has some of the character of a Poley absorption. Here it is shown to be due to an harmonically coupled site vibrations of the sodium atoms, which extend only over a limited range. At frequencies below the peak the conductivity tends towards a constant i.e. dc value corresponding to a constant flow of ions through the simulation cell. At high temperatures the conductivity due to this ion transport process behaves like a metal with an insulator to metal transition occurring around a specific temperature.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.900-907
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• 2000

The three-dimensional turbulent flow in curved pipes susceptible to flow-accelerated corrosion has been analyzed numerically to predict the pressure and shear stress distributions on the inner surface of the pipes. The analysis employs the body-fitted non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system and a standard $ {\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model with wall function method. The finite volume method is used to discretize the governing equations. The convection term is approximated by a high-resolution and bounded discretization scheme. The cell-centered, non-staggered grid arrangement is adopted and the resulting checkerboard pressure oscillation is prevented by the application of a modified version of momentum interpolation scheme. The SIMPLE algorithm is employed for the pressure and velocity coupling. The numerical calculations have been performed for two curved pipes with different bend angles and curvature radii, and discussions have been made on the distributions of the primary and secondary flow velocities, pressure and shear stress on the inner surface of the pipe to examine applicability of the present analysis method. As the result it is seen that the method is effective to predict the susceptible systems or their local areas where the fluid velocity or local turbulence is so high that the structural integrity can be threatened by wall thinning degradation due to flow-accelerated corrosion.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.601-607
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• 2019

Ammonia would be formed in natural gas containing small amount of nitrogen reforming process in the process natural gas, which might damage the Pt catalyst and Prox catalyst. In the article, the effect of nitrogen contents on the formation of ammonia in the reforming process has been studied. In the experiments, Ru based and Ni based catalysts were used and the concentration of ammonia in the reformate gas at various gas hourly space velocity was measured. Experimental result shows that relatively higher ammonia concentration was measured with Ru based catalyst than with Ni based catalyst. It also shows that the concentration of ammonia increased rapidly after most of the methane converted into hydrogen. Based on the experimental results to reduce ammonia concentration it might be better to finish methane conversion at the exit position of the reforming reactor to minimize the contact time of catalyst and nitrogen with high concentration of hydrogen.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to clarify the occurrence of the high-speed mode of unsteady swirling flows in straight tubes. The unsteady flows generated in the tube were measured by means of a semiconductor-type pressure transducer and an FFT analyzer. The high-speed mode measured has rotational speed which is approximately equal to or higher than the peripheral velocity of the swirling flow. The unsteady flow is due to cell rotation in the circumferential direction of the tube. The occurrence of the high-speed mode was confirmed, and the characteristics (rotational speed, pressure amplitude, and phase) of this mode were clarified. In order to understand the measured unsteady flows, the three dimensional vortex core profiles were discussed based on the distributions of the pressure amplitude and phase.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2010

연료전지는 환경문제와 천연자원 고갈을 해결할 수 있기 때문에 가장 주목받고 있는 새로운 동력원이다. 본 논문에서는 마이크로 연료전지의 효율을 높이기 위해 다양한 형상에 대해 마이크로 채널에서 수소가스 유동을 수치해석 하였다. 이미 개발된 채널과 새롭게 고안된 채널, 모두 여섯 개의 다른 형상을 가진 채널이 같은 유동 특성과 경계조건으로 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석 결과를 통해 유속, 유동분포, 유동균일성 등이 채널형상에 따라 영향을 많이 받는 것을 알았다. 이에 수소 가스 유동을 고려한 채널형상 최적화를 통해 연료전지의 성능을 향상시키고자 하였다. 수치해석을 통한 최적화된 채널형상을 사용한 PEMFC 실험결과 평균보다 높은 전류밀도를 나타내었다. 그러나 내구성이 낮았다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2016

탄성파 자료의 영상화 과정에서 입력자료인 속도 모델에 불연속면이 있는 경우 반사파에 의해 참반사보정(migration) 결과가 왜곡될 수 있다. 따라서 참반사보정을 위한 속도 모델은 지층 경계면에서 샘 파동장과 수신기 파동장을 구할 때 발생하는 반사파를 제거하기 위해 평활화(smoothing)하여 사용하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 속도 모델을 평활화할 경우 지층 경계면에서 속도 정보가 달라져 지하구조 영상이 왜곡될 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 최소화하기 위해 속도가 불연속인 층간의 음향 임피던스를 일정하게 만들어 샘 파동장과 수신기 파동장을 구할 때 발생하는 반사파를 줄이고자 하였다. 음향 임피던스를 일정하게 만들기 위해 속도 차이를 보상하는 가상의 밀도(fake density)를 정의하고 참반사보정에 사용하였다. 음향 임피던스가 모든 층에서 일정할 때, 반사면에서 수직 입사파의 반사계수가 영이 되고 반사파가 최소화되어 참반사보정 결과를 향상시킬 수 있다. 이를 검증하기 위해 셀기반 유한차분법을 이용하여 거꿀시간 참반사보정(reverse-time migration) 알고리듬을 구현하였다. 수치예제를 통해 속도 대비가 큰 지층 경계면에서 참반사보정 영상의 품질이 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있고, 특히 천부 지층에서 성능 개선효과가 큰 것을 관찰할 수 있다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.710-716
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• 2006

Micro-PIV system with a high speed CCD camera is used to measure the flow field near the advancing meniscus of a water slug in microchannels. Image shifting technique combined with meniscus detecting technique is proposed to measure the relative velocity of the liquid near the meniscus in a moving reference frame. The proposed method is applied to an advancing front of a slug in microchannels with rectangular cross section. In the case of hydrophilic channel, strong flow from the center to the side wall along the meniscus occurs, while in the case of the hydrophobic channel, the fluid flows in the opposite direction. Further, the velocity near the side wall is higher than the center region velocity, exhibiting the characteristics of a strong shear-driven flow. This phenomenon is explained to be due to the existence of small gaps between the slug and the channel wall at each capillary corner so that the gas flows through the gaps inducing high shear on the slug surface. Simulation of the shape of a static droplet inside a cubic cell obtained by using the Surface Evolver program is supportive of the existence of the gap at the rectangular capillary corners. The flow fields in the circular capillary, in which no such gap exists, are also measured. The results show that a similar flow pattern to that of the hydrophilic rectangular capillary (i.e., center-to-wall flow) is always exhibited regardless of the wettability of the channel wall, which is also indicative of the validity of the above-mentioned assertion.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2012

In this paper, we present the results of our studies on optimal die design towards development of a vacuum die casting process to fabricate fuel cell bipolar plate with micro-channel array. Cavity and overflow shape is designed by computational filling analysis of MAGMA soft. Optimal die design consists of seven overflows at the end of cavity and three overflows at each side wall of cavity. The molten metal that passed the gate and reached the side wall flowed into the side overflow, no turbulent flow occurred, and the filling behavior and velocity distribution were uniform. In addition, partially solidified molten metal passing through the channel was perfectly eliminated by overflow without back-flow. When vacuum pressure, injection speed of low and high region was 300 mbar, 0.3 m/s and 2.5 m/s respectively with Silafont 36 die casting alloy, sound sample without casting defects was obtained. The experimental results are nearly consistent with simulation results.