• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2002

본 연구는 염수 농도, 처리기간 및 처리시기가 벼의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 한 것이다. 처리시기는 분얼기, 감수분열초기, 출수기였으며, 염수처리 농도는 고농도(3.0%), 중농도(1.5%) 및 저농도(0.5%)로 하여, 고농도와 중농도는 4일간, 저농도는 30일간 처리하였다. 공시품종은 장안벼로 하여 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하던 다음과 같다. 1. 잎 피해율은 처리시기에 관계없이 고농도 단기처리에서 가장 심하였으며, 1999년에는 분얼기, 출수기, 감수분열초기 순으로 및 피해율이 높았으나, 2000년도에는 출수기, 감수분열초기 , 분얼기 순이었다. 2. 출수기는 분얼기 염수처리에서 1-5일 지연되었다. 간장 및 수장의 단축은 감수분열초기에 염수를 처리하였을 때 가장 심하였다. 3. 감수분열초기 염수처리에서 수량감소가 가장 켰고, 다음이 출수기, 분얼기 순이었으며, 이삭수를 제외한 수량 및 수량 구성요소에서 무처리＞중농도 단기처리＞저농도 장기처리＞고농도 단기처리 순으로 낮게 나타났다 수량구성요소중 등숙률과 천립중이 염수처리에 의한 감소가 가장 현저하였다. 4. 감수분열초기 염수처리에서 다른 생육시기에 비해 많은 지발이삭의 발생으로 이삭수가 많았으며, 지발이삭에 의한 수량 보상력은 2.1-12.0%이었다. 5. 립중, 등숙속도 및 등숙기간에 대하여 분얼기 처리에서는 처리농도 및 처리기간별로 차이가 크지 않았으며, 감수분열초기 처리에서는 저농도 장기처리 및 고농도 단기처리에서, 출수기 처리에서는 고농도 단기처리에서 크게 감소하였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2007

We studied changes in the biochemical and physiological status and ROS-scavenging enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) activity in leaves and roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants exposed to high salinity. Under salt stress, the reduction in RWC (relative water content) in leaves was relatively severe in comparison with that of roots. The proline content was also significantly higher in leaves of rice plants following salt treatment. The activities of CAT and POX in roots increased with increasing NaCl concentration, but the activity of SOD decreased. These results suggest that the increase of endogenous proline is closely associated with the increase of CAT and POX activities, which may play important roles in salt tolerance. Therefore, we conclude that the alleviation of oxidative damage and increased resistance to salinity may result from the presence of efficient antioxidative systems.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 1990

Germination and vegetative growth of Enteromorpha multiramosa Bliding from Pyoson, Cheju Island were investigated in laboratory under various combinations of temperature (5-$25^{\circ}C$) and salinity (8-48$^{\circ}C$). Percent level of germination was relatively high at all combinations of the two factors. The highest value among the combinations was revealed at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 32$\textperthousand$. Dry weight also was fairly high at all levels of combination with maximum value at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and 32$\textperthousand$. Analysis of variance for germination and growth was completed respectively and polynomial prediction models were constructed. F ratio revealed that all factors had a significant effect (p<0.001) on percentage of germination and dry weight, and their interactions also were significant (p<0.001), although the F ratio of interactions was far less than that for either the separate effect of temperature or salinity. Response surface of polynomial equation represented that temperature influenced less than salinity on germination, while it effected remarkably on vegetative growth, so the Enteromorpha multiramosa was kept to visible macrothalli from winter to spring in Cheju Island.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2012

하구언이 설치된 하구의 여름철 환경변화는 방류되는 담수에 의해 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 영산강 하구언 담수방류에 의한 하구의 염분 및 수온 분포를 파악하기 위하여 2010년 6월 소규모 방류시와 8월의 집중방류 중 후로 3회에 걸쳐 8개 정점에서 관측한 CTD 자료를 분석하였다. 6월의 소규모 방류시 표층염분은 30~32.5 psu를 나타냈고, 수평구배는 고하도 근해에서 다른 해역에 비해 상대적인 큰 값을 보여주었다(0.25~0.32 psu/km). 그러나, 저층염분은 약 33 psu의 일정한 값을 보여 수평구배는 존재하지 않았다. 영산강 하구내 수온은 $19{\sim}21^{\circ}C$ 범위를 보이며 동서방향보다 남북방향의 구배가 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 대규모 방류가 진행 중이었던 8월 12일의 경우 표층염분은 9~26 psu로 감소하였다. 또한, 고하도 북쪽 수로의 표층과 저층 수평구배가 각각 3.79 psu/km와 0.28 psu/km인 강한 염분전선이 형성되었다. 수온은 하구언에서 높고 멀어질수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 고하도 북쪽수로 표층과 저층에서 각각 $-0.45^{\circ}C/km$와 $-0.12^{\circ}C/km$의 공간적 변화가 나타났다. 집중방류 후(3차 관측) 표층염분은 22~26 psu로 회복되었으나 고하도 주변해역에서 여전히 높은 수평구배가 나타났다. 저층염분은 26.5~27.5 psu의 범위로 전반적으로 감소하였으나 수평구배는 크지 않았다. 하구언 가까운 정점에서 관측한 염분과 수온 시계열 자료에 의하면, 상층의 고온저염수가 일시적으로 하강하였다가 빠르게 회복하는 패턴을 보여주었는데, $13{\times}10^6$ 톤 방류시 회복속도는 약 0.4 m/hr로 나타났다. 영산강 하구는 대규모 방류 후 전반적으로 저염화되고, 여름철의 강한 태양복사에 의해 표층수온은 증가하여 하구 내 성층구조가 강화되고 수직혼합이 억제되는 환경이 형성되었다. 담수방류에 따른 염분의 공간적인 분포특성을 볼 때, 수평구배가 높은 고하도 주변해역, 고하도에서 하구언까지 염분이 낮은 내측해역, 그리고 상대적으로 높은 염분을 보이는 고하도에서 연안까지 외측해역으로 구분할 수 있다.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.361-373
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• 2020

The community dynamics of benthic diatoms in the hypersaline environment are investigated to advance our understanding how salinity impacts marine life. Diatoms were sampled in the two salterns encompassing salt Ponds, ditches, and seawater reservoirs (n = 11), along the salinity gradient (max = 324 psu), and nearby tidal flats (n = 2). The floral assemblages and distributions across sites and stations showed great variations, with a total of 169 identified taxa. First, not surprisingly, higher diversity of benthic diatoms was found at natural tidal flats than salterns. The saltern diatoms generally showed salinity dependent distributions with distinct spatial changes in species composition and dominant taxa. Biota-environment and principal component analysis confirmed that salinity, mud content, and total nitrogen were key factors influencing the overall benthic community structure. Some dominant species, e.g., Nitzschia scalpelliformis and Achnanthes sp. 1, showed salinity tolerance / preference. The number of diatom species at salinity of >100 psu reduced over half and no diatoms were found at maximum salinity of 324 psu. The highest salinity for the observed live diatoms was 205 psu, however, a simple regression indicated a theoretical salinity threshold of ~300 psu on the survival. Finally, the indicator species were identified along the salinity gradient in salterns as well as natural tidal flats. Overall, high species numbers, varying taxa, and euryhaline distributions of saltern diatoms collectively reflected a dynamic saltern ecosystem. The present study would provide backgrounds for biodiversity monitoring of ecologically important microalgal producers in some unique hypersaline environment, and elsewhere.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2018

In this study, vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) was used to treat high-salinity wastewater (concentration about 17%) discharged by chlor-alkali plant after resin regeneration. The feasibility of VMD for the treatment of real saline wastewater by using Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microporous plate membrane with a pore diameter of $0.2{\mu}m$ was investigated. The effects of critical operating parameters such as feed temperature, velocity, vacuum degree and concentration on the permeate water flux were analyzed. Numerical simulation was used to predict the flux and the obtained results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The results showed that an increase in the operating conditions could greatly promote the permeate water flux which in turn decreased with an increase in the concentration. When the concentration varied from 17 to 25%, the permeate water flux dropped marginally with time indicating that the concentration was not sensitive to the decrease in permeate water flux. The permeate water flux decreased sharply until zero due to the membrane fouling resistance as the concentration varied from 25 to 26%. However, the conductivity of the produced water was well maintained and the average value was measured to be $4.98{\mu}s/cm$. Furthermore, a salt rejection of more than 99.99% was achieved. Overall, the outcome of this investigation clearly indicates that VMD has the potential for treating high-salinity wastewater.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제13권3B호
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• pp.3-13
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• 1999

The diffusion characteristics of the high temperature and salinity water discharged in Chinhae Bay under BMP(Barge-Mounted Plants) desalination processes were simulated to access environmental impact. The 3-D baroclinic flow model is formulated by integrating the basic equations with respect to each control volume and by transforming them into a finite difference form using the space-staggered grid system. With a 3-D baroclinic flow model, the tide-induced and density-induced current was computed and confirmed by comparing with observed data. From the results of numerical experiment, it is expected that the maximum diffusion lengths of the high temperature and salinity which increase $0.6^{circ}C$ and 0.2 after discharging are 1 km and 3.5km, respectively. It may be expected that the discharge has an effect on surrounding area of discharge, but not an effect on whole area of Chinhae Bay.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2001

1999년 3월, 7월, 9월 및 11월에 섬진강 하구역에서 염분경사에 따른 식물플랑크톤과 동물플랑크톤의 현존량과종 조성의 변화를 조사하였다. 조사 정점은 지리적 위치보다는 각 조사시마다 표층 염분을 현장에서 측정하여 결정하였다. 식물플랑크톤은 총 96종이 동정되었으며, 그 중 돌말류가 60종으로 전 조사해역에서 출현하였다. 저염분역에서는 녹조류의 종수가 비교적 높았으며 고염분역으로 갈수록 와편모조류의 종수가 증가하였다. 월별 식물플랑크톤 현존량의 평균 값은 $183{\sim}833$cells/m의 범위로 11월에는 5${\sim}$15 psu 염분역에서 Skeletonema costatum의 bloom이 발생하였으며 초저염분역에서 현존량의 급격한 감소는 3월에 관찰되었다. 염분이 8.1 psu 이하의 분포를 보였던 강우기인 7월에 대부분의 조사해역에서 녹조류가 우점하였다. Chroomonas spp.는 3월과 9월에 높게 우점하였으며 고염분역으로 갈수록 현존량이 증가하였다. 동물플랑크톤은 3회의 조사에서 총 83개의 분류군이 검색되었고, 이중해산 분류군은 총 72개로 요각류가 34개 분류군을 차지하고 있었으며 담수 분류군은 총 11개로 수서 곤충류가 대부분을 차지하였다. 동물플랑크톤 종 조성은 해수의 유입에 의해 크게 의존하는 것으로 나타났으며 담수종이 출현하는 염분 한계는 시기적으로 달랐는데, 7월에는 8.1 psu 이하에서 , 9월에는 4.7 psu 이하에서 , 11월에는 0.2 psu 이하에서만 출현하였다. 하구역 염분 변화에 따른 동물플랑크톤 출현 양상의 특징은 풍수기에서 갈수기로 진행되면서다소 변화하는 양상을 보이지만 대체로 중간 정도의 염분 구역에서 출현 종과 개체수가 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2002년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.9-12
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to understand the high saline water phenomenon of Handong-ri area in the eastern coast of Jeju Island, were investigate the tidal effect of groundwater level, variation of electric conductivity and temperature, geological logging on the monitoring wells, chemical water quality, and ratios of oxygen istope of groundwater and seawater Results in investigating variation of interface zone of freshwater and saline water represented that the hyaloclastites formed at below groundwater table is developing toward the coast; this area consisted of stratum of good permeability. Hyaloclastites is presumed the main path of the high salinity water There are a lot of movement by the tide at upper layer. Salinity of lower layer spreads to upper up step in proportion to tidal energy. Because of hydrogeological characteristics, Interface zone of freshwater and saline water is made, High salinity of groundwater occur in east coastal area of Jeju Island. Therefore, I think that high saline groundwater phenomenon is natural condition by simple mixing.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.375-380
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• 2020

The high intrinsic water content and salinity of food waste prevent a smooth composting process and consequently cause social, economic and environmental problems. In this study, we investigated the distribution of the water content and salinity in food wastes to obtain useful primary data to ensure adequate and quality recycling. A total of 300 food waste (FW) samples were collected from residential apartments (home generated FW), a wide range of restaurants, i.e., restaurant generated FW that included Korean, Chinese, Japanese and western FWs, and several places that included food waste processing facilities (dehydrated FW cakes). The collected food wastes were oven dried for 48 hours at 80℃ after which the water and salinity contents were analyzed. The results show that the average water content of the FWs was 72.45 ± 10.51%, and the average salinity content was 2.03 ± 0.57%. Furthermore, the salinity of the collected FWs was characterized by where the FW was generated. By location, the salinity concentration of home generated FW was 2.30% while western food had the lowest salinity concentration of 1.18%. However, dehydrated cakes had the highest salinity concentration of 2.84%. Especially, the distribution of the salinity content in food wastes can form the basis for improving the compost quality in food waste recycling.