• 제목/요약/키워드: high risk population

검색결과 842건 처리시간 0.021초

Dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with the risk for diabetes and dyslipidemia

  • Song, Su-Jin;Lee, Jung-Eun;Paik, Hee-Young;Park, Min-Sun;Song, Yoon-Ju
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.349-356
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    • 2012
  • Several studies have been conducted on dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition in Asian populations. We examined the cross-sectional associations in dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition, including the glycemic index (GI) with dyslipidemia and diabetes among the Korean adult population. We analyzed 9,725 subjects (3,795 men and 5,930 women, ${\geq}$ 20 years) from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was collected using single 24-hour recall. Reduced rank regression was used to derive dietary patterns from 22 food groups as predictor variables and four dietary factors related to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates as response variables. Two dietary patterns were identified: 1) the balanced pattern was characterized by high intake of various kinds of foods including white rice, and 2) the rice-oriented pattern was characterized by a high intake of white rice but low intake of vegetables, fruits, meat, and dairy products. Both patterns had considerable amounts of total carbohydrate, but GI values differed. The rice-oriented pattern was positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia in men and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both men and women. The balanced pattern had no overall significant association with the prevalence of dyslipidemia or diabetes, however, men with energy intake above the median showed a reduced prevalence of diabetes across quintiles of balanced pattern scores. The results show that dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetes in the Korean adult population.

Priority Setting for Occupational Cancer Prevention

  • Peters, Cheryl E.;Palmer, Alison L.;Telfer, Joanne;Ge, Calvin B.;Hall, Amy L.;Davies, Hugh W.;Pahwa, Manisha;Demers, Paul A.
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.133-139
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    • 2018
  • Background: Selecting priority occupational carcinogens is important for cancer prevention efforts; however, standardized selection methods are not available. The objective of this paper was to describe the methods used by CAREX Canada in 2015 to establish priorities for preventing occupational cancer, with a focus on exposure estimation and descriptive profiles. Methods: Four criteria were used in an expert assessment process to guide carcinogen prioritization: (1) the likelihood of presence and/or use in Canadian workplaces; (2) toxicity of the substance (strength of evidence for carcinogenicity and other health effects); (3) feasibility of producing a carcinogen profile and/or an occupational estimate; and (4) special interest from the public/scientific community. Carcinogens were ranked as high, medium or low priority based on specific conditions regarding these criteria, and stakeholder input was incorporated. Priorities were set separately for the creation of new carcinogen profiles and for new occupational exposure estimates. Results: Overall, 246 agents were reviewed for inclusion in the occupational priorities list. For carcinogen profile generation, 103 were prioritized (11 high, 33 medium, and 59 low priority), and 36 carcinogens were deemed priorities for occupational exposure estimation (13 high, 17 medium, and 6 low priority). Conclusion: Prioritizing and ranking occupational carcinogens is required for a variety of purposes, including research, resource allocation at different jurisdictional levels, calculations of occupational cancer burden, and planning of CAREX-type projects in different countries. This paper outlines how this process was achieved in Canada; this may provide a model for other countries and jurisdictions as a part of occupational cancer prevention efforts.

불안 감소를 위한 생기능자기조절 훈련(뉴로피드백) 임상연구: 체계적 문헌고찰 (Neurofeedback Training for Anxiety: A Systematic Review)

  • 조민규;임완현;이고은;임정화
    • 동의신경정신과학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.79-97
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the clinical effects of neurofeedback training on reducing anxiety. Methods: Eight databases were used to extract clinical reports on neurofeedback intervention for anxiety reduction published until 2016. We analyzed the characteristics of selected studies and evaluated biases using the Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment. Results: A total of 22 clinical trials were extracted for the analysis. The risk of bias in most studies was high or unclear. The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-3 (CCMD-3) was the most frequently used diagnostic criteria, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) was the most frequently used assessment tool, and the alpha wave activity increase, sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), and theta wave training were the most frequently used intervention methods. All papers showed a statistically significant decrease of anxiety symptoms; however, significant adverse events were not reported. Conclusions: Neurofeedback intervention might be beneficial for reducing anxiety. However, the quality of the studies used in the analysis was low, and the heterogeneity of the population and interventions was revealed. Therefore, more scientifically designed clinical studies regarding neurofeedback training are required.

The Role of Milk Products in Metabolic Health and Weight Management

  • Zemel, Michael B.
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.17-28
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    • 2010
  • A substantial body of evidence has emerged over the last decade in support of the novel concept that dietary calcium and dairy foods play an important role in regulating energy metabolism and thereby promote healthy weight management and reduce obesity risk. This concept has been demonstrated in experimental animals studies, cross-sectional and prospective population studies and a number of randomized clinical trials. Notably, the effects of dairy foods in weight management are more consistent than the effects of supplemental calcium across clinical trials, and calcium per se is responsible for approximately 40-50% of the effects of dairy. The calcium component is only effective in individuals with chronically low calcium intake, as it serves to prevent the endocrine response to low calcium diets which otherwise favors adipocyte energy storage; calcium also serves to promote energy loss via formation of calcium soaps in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby reduce fat absorption. The calcium-independent anti-obesity bioactivity of dairy resides primarily in whey. The key components identified to date are leucine and bioactive peptides resulting from whey protein digestion. The high concentration of leucine in whey stimulates a repartitioning of dietary energy from adipose tissue to skeletal muscle where it provides the energy required for leucine-stimulated protein synthesis, resulting in increased loss of adipose tissue and preservation of skeletal muscle mass during weight loss. Finally, dairy rich diets suppress the oxidative and inflammatory responses to obesity and thereby attenuate the diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk associated with obesity.

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위암 발생의 식이 및 관련요인에 대한 환자군-대조군 연구 (A Case -Control Study on Dietary and Other Factors Related to Stomach Cancer Incidence)

  • 염필영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.62-71
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    • 1998
  • As stomach cancer is very prevalent in Koreans, various factors, especially dietary factors, related to stomach cancer incidence were examined in a case-control study. The study population consisted of 105 individual s diagnosed for stomach cancer in two general hospitals and 124 control subjects, matched for age and sex, in Seoul. Data for general characteristics, family history, smoking and alcohol consumption, personality , dietary habits and food preference were obtained by self-administered questionnaire and personal interview. Heredity was found to be one of the most important factors causing stomach cancer. In addition, genetic inheritance tended to differ between the sexes. The male patients showed significantly higher incidence of their father's relatives than mother's relatives but the female patients showed higher incidence of their mother's relatives that father's relatives. Smoking was significantly related to stomach cancer. It was also found that the cases drank alcohol more frequently and in much greater quantity than the controls. Personality was related to the incidence of stomach cancer. The cases tended to be more sensitive , impatient, and anxious to do things quickly. With regards to dietary habits, the male cases had meals significantly more irregularly than the male controls. The relative risk of preferencefor salty food and ramen showed to be significantly very high. The male cases consumed carbonated beverages and instant foods, low intake of green yellow vegetables, smoking of cigarettes and drinking of alcohol may contribute to the risk of stomach cancer.

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위치기반서비스에서 관계 품질과 L-로열티에 관한 연구 (Study on Relationship Quality and L-Loyalty in Location-Based Service)

  • 장성희
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제16권9호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구의 목적은 위치기반서비스(Location-Based Service: LBS)에서 관계 품질과 L-로열티에 미치는영향에 대해 검증하는 것이다. LBS, 관계 품질, L-로열티에 관한 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 연구모형 및 가설을 설정하였다. 본 연구에서는 위치기반서비스 이용자들을 대상으로 설문지를 배포하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 개인화, 지각된 가치는 몰입에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 지각된 위험은 몰입에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 개인화, 편재성, 지각된 가치는 만족에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 지각된 위험은 만족에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 몰입과 만족은 L-로열티에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 위치기반서비스에서 관계 품질과 로열티를 향상시키고 충성도 높은 고객을 확보할 수 있는 다양한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

Methodology for Risk Assessment for Exposure to Hurricane Conditions

  • Edge, Billy L.;Jung, Kwang-Hyo
    • International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.37-49
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    • 2012
  • An analysis of potential flooding by storm surge and wave run-up and overtopping can be used to evaluate protection afforded by the existing storm protection system. The analysis procedure can also be used to evaluate various protection alternatives for providing typhoon flood protection. To determine risk, the storm surges for both historical and hypothetical are compiled with tide conditions to represent high, slack and low water for neap, spring and mid range tides to use with the statistical procedure known as the Empirical Simulations Technique (EST). The EST uses the historic and hypothetical events to generate a large population of life-cycle databases that are used to compute mean value maximum storm surge elevation frequency relationships. The frequency-of-occurrence relationship is determined for all relevant locations along the shoreline at appropriate locations to identify the effect using the Empirical Storm Simulation (EST). To assist with understanding the process, an example is presented for a study of storm surge analysis for Freeport, Texas. This location is in the Gulf of Mexico and is subject to hurricanes and other tropical storms that approach from the Atlantic Ocean.

Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on the developing rat :Pharmacological and neurobehavioral studies

  • Park, Sun-Ju
    • 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 제4회 추계심포지움
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    • pp.171-172
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    • 1996
  • Cocaine is a powerful reinforcer that has become a popular drug of abuse in man. CNS effects that are related to the abuse of cocaine include feeling of well-being and euphoria. Brain dopamine systems are thought to mediate reinforcement and it is often assumed that cocaine's inhibition of dopamine uptake is the mechanism underlying its reinforcing effects. With increase in cocaine use among general population in recent years, adverse effects of the drug have occurred in all social strata and age groups. Therefore, it has been recognized that the epidemic of cocaine abuse is a growing major concerning public health. One of the most troubling aspects of cocaine abuse is its use by pregnant women. Drug abuse during pregnancy puts two lives at risk. Cocaine produces toxic effects on the fetus at concerntrations that are apparently nontoxic to the mother. Not only does cocaine cross the placenta via diffusion and via rapid penetration to mucous membranes, due to its high lipid solubility, but cocaine can also be found in breast milk, the effects of the cocaine can persist long after the child is born. Although it is known that prenatal cocaine exposure is associated with developmental risk to the fetus ana newborn, few studies have been conducted to assess the mechanisms whereby either short-term or long-term administration of cocaine can exert its harmful effects on the mother or the child. Therefore, it was our great interest to investigate the pharmacological and neurobehavioral changes in offspring that are prenatally exposed to cocaine.

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인삼의 사망에 대한 예방효과에 관한 연구 (A Study on Preventive Effect of Ginseng on All Cause Mortality -Kangwha Cohort Study-)

  • 이상욱;홍재석;오희철
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.158-164
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    • 2003
  • Recently, there are much concerns about ginseng as disease therapeutics. There are no epidemiologic study on relationship between ginseng intake and all cause mortality based from general population Cohort. This study sought to examine relationships between ginseng intake and all cause mortality from Kangwha Cohort data. From March 1985 through December 1999, 2696 males and 3595 females who were aged 55 or over as of 1985 were followed up. We calculate the mortality rate, standardized mortality ratio and risk ratios by ginseng intake. Cox proportional hazard model was used to adjust various confounding factors. Ginseng intake group had the lower all cause mortality(Risk ratio(RR)=0.88, 95%Confidence Interval(CI)=0.79-0.97) among males. Increasing ginseng intake, lower all cause mortality(Low ginseng intake: RR=0.88, 95%CI=0.79-0.98; high ginseng intake : RR=0.87, 95%CI=0.75-1.00) among males. There is no statistically significant difference between ginseng intake and mortality among females. The results of this study suggests that ginseng intake may prolong the human life among males.

Association Between Sleep Quality and Anxiety in Korean Adolescents

  • Kim, Hyunkyu;Kim, Seung Hoon;Jang, Sung-In;Park, Eun-Cheol
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제55권2호
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    • pp.173-181
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    • 2022
  • Objectives: Anxiety disorder is among the most prevalent mental illnesses among adolescents. Early detection and proper treatment are important for preventing sequelae such as suicide and substance use disorder. Studies have suggested that sleep duration is associated with anxiety disorder in adolescents. In the present study, we investigated the association between sleep quality and anxiety in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire was used to evaluate anxiety. The chi-square test was used to investigate and compare the general characteristics of the study population, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and anxiety. Results: In both sexes, anxiety was highly prevalent in participants with poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43 to 1.71 in boys; aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.42 in girls). Regardless of sleep duration, participants with poor sleep quality showed a high aOR for anxiety. Conclusions: This study identified a consistent relationship between sleep quality and anxiety in Korean adolescents regardless of sleep duration.