• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.79-83
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• 1995

There is epidemilogical evidence that the population with high fecal ${\beta}-glucuronidase$activity has greater risk of colon cancer than the population with low facal ${\beta}-glucuronidase$. This relationship was investigated by using the mouse-dimethylhydrazine colon carcinogenesis model and the fraction of Glucidum which is a .${\beta}-glucuronidase$inhibitor. Mice with low facal ${\beta}-glucuronidase$activity induced by consumption of the ether fraction of G lucidum had significantly fewer aberrant crypts(AC) after injections of 1, 2-dimethylhydeazine (DMH) than mice treated with DMH alone. The result supports the hypothesis that the inhibitor such as the ether fraction of G lucidum can protect an animal against the induction of colon cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2159-2163
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• 2014

Background: Prostate cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer among males in economically developed countries. Among the several risk factors that have been suggested, only age, ethnicity, diabetes, and family history of prostate cancer are well-established and primary prevention of this disease is limited. Prior studies had shown that dietary intake could be modified to reduce cancer risk. We conducted a hospital-based, casecontrol study to examine the association between dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk in Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of fifty patients with prostate cancer and a hundred controls underwent face-to-face interviews. Factor analysis was used to determine the dietary patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We defined two major dietary patterns in this population: 'western diet'(high in sweets and desserts, organ meat, snacks, tea and coffee, French fries, salt, carbonated drinks, red or processed meat) and 'healthy diet' (high in legumes, fish, dairy products, fruits and fruit juice, vegetables, boiled potatoes, whole cereal and egg). Both Healthy and western pattern scores were divided into two categories (based on medians). Higher scores on Healthy pattern was marginally significantly related to decreased risk of prostate cancer (above median vs below median, OR =0.4, 95%CI=0.2-1.0). An increased risk of prostate cancer was observed with the higher scores on the Western pattern (above median vs below median, OR=4.0, 95%CI=1.5-11.0). Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that diet might be associated with prostate cancer among Iranian males.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2193-2197
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• 2015

Cervical cancer, mostly progressing from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Chinese women. This is largely due to high prevalence of high-risk human papillomaviruses (hr-HPVs) in the population. The prevalence of hr-HPV DNA in women and in cervical lesions women ranged from 9.9% to 17.% and from 50.5% to 70.9% in different regions of China, respectively. The most common genotypes somewhat differ between regions throughout the country and from those in many other countries. This may be a challenge to cervical cancer screening and prevention in China. Combined detection of particular HPV genotypes should be recommended in all geographical regions in China and greater attention must be paid to specific hr-HPV types during cervical cancer screening and follow-up of cervical lesions. Besides, vaccination for prevention of cervical cancer by particular HPV genotypes, has not been introduced to China so far. Updated knowledge on prevalent HPV genotypes should be provided to public health organizations to help with the development of more effective HPV vaccines, which can protect Chinese women against HPV types prevalent in local China and thus have a substantial impact on the cervical cancer burden.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5621-5624
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• 2013

Mucosal head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas that develop in the upper-aero digestive epithelium. Together they constitute the sixth most common cancer with an estimated 900,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths each year reported worldwide. The risk factors are tobacco, alcohol and human papillomavirus (HPV). Our research team initially reported a high incidence rate of HNC in the indigenous population of the Northern Territory. Mortality rates also vary in the Australian States and Territories, with particularly high mortality observed in the Northern Territory. There is a paucity of incidence studies of HNC for the Australian States and Territories. Therefore this review primarily focuses on variation in incidence and mortality iacross the country and highlights specifically the high incidence and mortality in the Northern Territory. Attention is also given to sex-specific incidence and mortality rates.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2009

Metabolic syndrome has been strongly associated with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a surrogate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We investigated the relationship between metabolic syndrome and elevated ALT in the general Korean population. The study sample was comprised of 4,781 Korean adults who had participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Metabolic syndrome was defined by National Cholesterol Education Program for Adult Treatment Panel III. Elevated ALT was defined as an enzyme activity > 40 IU/L for men, and > 31 IU/L for women. ALT was measured by enzymatic methods. Among participants, 425 (8.9%) subjects displayed elevated ALT. The odds ratios (ORs) for elevated ALT increased in subjects with obesity or one of components of metabolic syndrome such as abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting glucose, high triglyceride, and low HDL cholesterol after adjusting for age and sex. The unadjusted OR for elevated ALT increased according to the number of components of metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.96-2.32 for 1 component; OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.98-4.61 for 2 components; OR = 6.3, 95% CI: 4.29-9.35 for ${\geq}3$ components; p for trend < 0.0001). This trend did not differ after adjustments for putative risk factors including age, sex, BMI, smoking status, and alcohol intake. Metabolic syndrome is implicated as a strong risk factor of elevated ALT in Korean adults.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2009

Metabolically obese but normal weight(MONW) syndrome is characterized, with potentially increased risks for development of the insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome despite their normal body mass index(BMI) < 25 kg/m2. Such characteristics could confer upon MONW individuals a type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases(CVD) risk however, research on MONW is scarce. MONW individuals have metabolic disturbances typical of obese persons and are identified by having a high amount of visceral fat, a low BMI, a high fat mass, a low lean body mass, low insulin sensitivity, and high triglyceride concentrations. The purpose of this study is to review several markers as potential modulators in individuals displaying the "MONW". Body fat appears to be functionally comparable with a dynamic endocrine organ, producing and secreting various adipocy tokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, CRP, tumor necrosis factor(TNF-), interleukin(IL)-6, all of which play an important role in the onset of cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Otherwise, physical activity and a lower inflammation state might be helped to reduce the number of persons at risk of diabetes, CVD complications, or premature mortality. We should provide a method to optimal treatments resolving the emerging public health problem to prevention of MONW by providing guideline for physical activity as an optimal treatment for the MONW Korean. Furthermore we expect to develop a new strategy to manage MONW Korean in this society in terms of reducing medical costs and enhancing public health care for uprising population with MONW.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

국내 15 지점의 폐광산 주변 지역에서 재배 생산된 백미 중 총 비소 오염도를 조사하였고, 연령과 성별에 따른 평균일 일노출량(ADD)을 산정하여 발암위해확률 및 비발암독성영향을 평가하였다. 광산 인근에서 재배 생산된 백미 중 총 비소의 평균 농도는 0.09 mg/kg으로 조사되었다. ADD값은 총 비소 함량에 무기 비소의 비율을 고려하여 산정하였으며, FAO/WHO에서 정한 2.1 ${\mu}g/kg$ b.w.-day의 PTDI 값을 초과하지 않았다. 그러나 광산 지역 인근에서 재배한 백미를 섭취했을 경우, 연령 및 성별 인구집단의 발암위해확률은 허용수준인 $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-4}$ 범위를 초과하였고, 특히 6세 이하 유아의 경우 평균 10,000 명당 5인 이상의 높은 발암위해확률이 있는 것으로 산정되었다. 비발암독성위험값 (HQ)은 모든 연령 및 성별 인구집단에서 1.0을 초과하지 않았으며, 따라서 폐광산 주변 지역에서 재배 생산된 백미를 장기간 섭취하더라도 비소에 의한 인체 독성이 나타날 가능성은 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.422-439
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• 2019

후방가장자리 개체군은 전형적으로 고도의 고립된 분포에 따라 개체군의 유전적다양성이 낮고 절멸의 위험이 높다고 평가한다. 그러나 유전적다양성이 낮음에도 불구하고 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 개체군의 지속이 관찰된다. 따라서 개체군의 지속에 관여하는 생태적인 과정에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 넓은잎제비꽃은 세계적인 분포에서 한국이 후방가장자리개체군에 해당한다. 한반도의 중부 내륙에 제한적인 분포를 나타내는 넓은잎제비꽃의 지속에 관여하는 요인을 알아보기 위해 먼저 분포현황을 조사하였다. 다음으로 식생 및 토양환경, 식물계절학, 자가화합성 여부, 개체군 구조 그리고 분포지에서 관찰되는 위협요인을 조사하고 평가하였다. 넓은잎제비꽃은 석회암지대의 낙엽활엽수림 하부, 낙엽침엽수와 낙엽활엽수 식재림의 하부, 관목림의 하부 그리고 초원에 걸쳐 분포하였다. 개체군내에서 유묘의 재정착이 관찰되었고 대부분 안정적인 개체군 구조로 나타났다. 개방화는 화분매개곤충의 방문이 열매의 생산과 밀접한 연관이 있었다. 그렇지만 개체군 내에서 폐쇄화의 생산이 보다 왕성하였고 일부 개체군에서는 개체의 크기가 큼에도 불구하고 폐쇄화만을 생산하였다. 개체의 크기는 개방화의 생산에 비해 폐쇄화의 생산에 보다 더 높은 상관이 있었다. 따라서 개체군내의 유묘 보충은 폐쇄화의 기여도가 높은 것으로 판단되었다. 개방화와 폐쇄화의 생산은 토양분석 항목 중 유효인산을 제외하고는 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 넓은잎제비꽃은 자가불화합성으로 이것은 왕성한 폐쇄화의 생산능력이 존재하기 때문으로 생각되었다. 생육지에서 관찰된 잠재적인 위협요인으로는 석회암광산의 개발, 경작지의 확대 및 주택의 건설이 있었다. 넓은잎제비꽃은 한반도에서 석회암지대에 고립되어 분포하지만 초원부터 비교적 울폐도가 낮은 식생하부에 이르기까지 넓은 식생환경에 걸쳐 관찰되었다. 또한 다수의 개체군과 안정적인 개체군 구조를 유지하고 있어 현재와 같은 상태가 유지된다면 개체군의 지속은 가능할 것으로 평가되었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2009

High blood pressure (BP) is the most frequent risk factor among metabolic syndrome components. The control of hypertension is very important to prevent the cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome. The dysfunction of calcium channel is responsible in the regulation of the vascular muscle contribution to hypertension. Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha-1A subunit (CACNA1A) gene is located in brain and known to control the intracranial hypertension. In this study, we investigate whether the polymorphisms of CACNA1A gene is associated with hypertension. The 49 CACNA1A genotypes were determined using the Affymetrix Genotyping chip array in 92 hypertension and 279 control individuals from a Korean population. Logistic and multiple regression models were employed to analyze the genetic contributions of polymorphisms. Out of 49 polymorphisms, six SNPs (rs12611029, rs16035, rs7259944, rs10419472, rs17777900, and rs4926294) showed a significant association with hypertension in three alternative models (codominant, dominant, and recessive models; P<0.05 after adjusting for age and sex). Our results suggest that the CACNA1A gene may be associated with hypertension in the Korean population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.5983-5991
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• 2014

Introduction: Upper aero-digestive tract cancer is a multidimensional problem, international trends showing complex rises and falls in incidence and mortality across the globe, with variation across different cultural and socio-economic groups. This paper seeks some explanations and identifies some research and policy needs. Methodological Approach: The literature illustrates the multifactorial nature of carcinogenesis. At the cellular level, it is viewed as a multistep process involving multiple mutations and selection for cells with progressively increasing capacity for proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis. Established and emerging risk factors, in addition to changes in incidence and prevalence of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract, were identified. Risk Factors: Exposure to tobacco and alcohol, as well as diets inadequate in fresh fruits and vegetables, remain the major risk factors, with persistent infection by particular so-called "high risk" genotypes of human papillomavirus increasingly recognised as also playing an important role in a subset of cases, particularly for the oropharynx. Chronic trauma to oral mucosa from poor restorations and prostheses, in addition to poor oral hygiene with a consequent heavy microbial load in the mouth, are also emerging as significant risk factors. Conclusions: Understanding and quantifying the impact of individual risk factors for these cancers is vital for health decision-making, planning and prevention. National policies and programmes should be designed and implemented to control exposure to environmental risks, by legislation if necessary, and to raise awareness so that people are provided with the information and support they need to adopt healthy lifestyles.