• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.74-89
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• 1981

Breadmaking is a complex system in which many variables govern the production of acceptable bread. Lipids, a minor component of wheat flour, function importantly in bread-making. Shortening, or fat, is one of the essential ingredients in commercial baking. Beneficial shortening effect depends on type and quantity of lipids present in wheat flour and also on wheat flour quality. Surfactants have been used in baking industry during last decade because certrain surfactants can replace shortening and/or natural flour lipids. A proper combination of lipidshortening-surfactant is more useful in the production of specialty breads such as whole wheat breads, high protein breads, high fiber breads or even non-wheat composite breads rather than in the production of regular white breads. This presentation is a review of recent studies on the contribution of flour lipids, shortening, and surfactants, alone or in combination in the production of breads; illustrations are mainly from data obtained in the author's laboratory.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.377-380
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• 1992

To produce economically important acid with pear juice, an acetic acid bacterium was selected from many isolated acetic acid bacteria. The alcohoic fermentation was conducted by inoculating pear juice with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 4124, and then the pear vinegar was prepared by batch cultivation in flaskes with the isolated Acetobacter sp. The optimum conditions for high yield of acetic acid were studied experimentally in the batch shake flask . For seed purposes the Acetobactor sp. was cultivated for 2 -days and transferred to the acid production medium . Optimum alcohol concentration, initial acidity and temperature for the acid production were 8.0% , 2.0% and 28$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Under the same conditions, the addition of yeast extract (1%) was observed to produce relatively high yield of acetic acid.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.199-202
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• 2011

Organic production practices varied among producers. Generally, organic producers were relying on imported input materials such as organic compost and liquid fertilizer even more than conventional producers. Very few organic farmers had composting facilities or sites for the own supply of compost in need. The productivity of organic kiwifruit orchard (92%) was not as low as that of conventional while the net income (243%) was more than double that of conventional. This was mainly attributed to high farm gate price of organic fruits, low paid labour use and electricity. As a consequence, organic kiwifruit production seems to become a feasible option in Korea. However, high dependence on imported farming material, fuel and labour for too frequent liquid fertilizer spray should be addressed to achieve long term sustainability of organic kiwifruit production.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.4726-4731
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• 2011

This paper proposed the algorithm to select optimal grinding condition for plunge grinding in the batch production unit. In order to apply to the proposed algorithm, the state variable for plunge grinding process was defined and the optimal grinding condition for each cycle in batch production was decided by genetic algorithm. Based on the optimized grinding condition in each cycle, the optimal grinding condition for whole batch production was selected by dynamic programming. The proposed algorithm was evaluated by computer simulation.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

This paper was studied on a strategy in rice production under New round system of WTO(World Trade Organization) in Korea. Under enactment of New round system in WTO rice will be opened at the world market and thus rice growers will compete with this marketing system. In this regard, rice industry in Korea would be "a theory of rice triangle" such as high quality, low cost, and environmental friendly system. High quality rice would be obtained through a cultivar, cultivation technology, and quality control(QC) to compete against oversea's dealer. Lower cost in rice production should be concentrated into rapid decrease in rural population and into introducing for young generation. Rice cultivation has been played major role in this peninsula in terms of a preservation of water resource, fresh air and prevention of soil erosion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.326-326
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• 2017

Climate warming is the issue on the global scale. Soybean can be seriously damaged when high temperature occurs during a reproductive stage such as the flowering and pod-setting period according to the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) (2021~2100) 8.5 scenarios. The weather in 2016 was very different from other years (average for 30 years from 1980 to 2010) ; the highest temperature was $33.7^{\circ}C$ which was higher $3.29^{\circ}C$ than average temperature from last 30 years and average rainfall was 26.5 mm, lower 140.9 mm than average rainfalls from other years. Especially, the highest temperature during soybean flow-ering and pod setting stage was $26.8^{\circ}C$ which was higher $0.1^{\circ}C$ and rainfall was 172.2 mm, higher 47.8 mm than other years from the first to the 20th in the October at soybean seed elongation stage. Soybean leaves were turned upside down by the drought stress during the flowering and pod-setting stage. The numbe-r of pods and seeds per unit area decreased 11.0% and 30.3% compared with the previous year, respectively. The ripening period was prolonged by 21 days because of high temperature and soil moisture contents due to the continual rainmade increase of the seed weight up to 15.6% and the yield decreased 7.1% compared to the previous year.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.317-317
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• 2017

We performed this experiment to select high quality rice adapted to wheat-rice double cropping system. We sowed barley and wheat seed in November 2, 2015. After harvesting barley and wheat, we transplanted high quality rice cultivars: 'Unkwang', 'Hopun', 'Haepum', 'Hyunoum' in June 17 and 24. We used 'sindongjin' rice as a control. As a result, 'Hyunpum' had a highest head rice yield regardless of transplanting date. Head rice yield of 'Hyunpum' was 488.1kg/10a when transplanted in June 17, and 453.6kg/10a when transplanted in June 24. The reason for this highest head rice yield was not percentage of head rice but milled rice yield. Milled rice yield of 'Hyunpum' was 526.5kg/10a when transplanted in June 17, and 490.0kg/10a when transplanted in June 24. Percentage of head rice had little differences between rice cultivars. Among yield components, only number of panicle per $m^2$ had an effect on the differences of yield between rice cultivars. The other yield components didn't have an effect on the differences of yield between rice cultivars. Compared to June 17, only 'Unkwang' had higher head rice percentage and head rice yield in June 24. Head rice percentage of 'Unkwang' changed from 67.3% to 85.0% and head rice yield changed from 324kg/10a to 393.8kg/10a when transplanting date delayed from June 17 to June 24. When transplanting date was delayed, heading date of 'Unkwang' was more delayed than other rice cultivars. By delay of heading date, mean temperature for 40days changed from $25.0^{\circ}C$ to $22.9^{\circ}C$ which improved temperature condition during grain filling stage. This improved head rice percentage and head rice yield of 'Unkwang' transplanted in June 24. If transplanting date is more delayed than June 24, 'Unkwang' could have higher head rice percentage and head rice yield. Therefore, if you transplant rice before June 24 in rice-wheat double cropping system, 'Hyunpum' is recommended as adequate rice cultivar. But if you transplant rice after June 24, further research is needed to find out adequate rice cultivar.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 1991

The primary production of phytoplankton in oyster farming bays were seasonally measured by $^{14}C$ method in Hansan-Koje Bay and Kamagyang Bay for one year period. In Hansan-Koje Bay, mean daily prima production was $0.52gC/m^2/day\;(0.22{\~}1.02gC/m^2/day)$, and it was relatively high in summer and low in winter. Annual primary production was estimated to be $189gC/m^2/yr.$. Mean chlorophyll a content was $1.70mg/m^3$, and it was relatively high in summer. In Kamagyang Bay, mean daily prima production was $0.91gC/m^2/day(0.11{\~}3.61gC/m^2/day)$. and it was maximum in summer and minimum in fall. Annual primary production was estimated to be $334gC/m^2/yr$. Mean chlorophyll a concentration was $2.34mg/m^3$, and it was maximum in summer and relatively high in winter. Considering the water area of the two osyter farming bays, annual carbon production by phytoplankton were 9,450 ton in Hansan-Koje Bay and 37,000 ton in Kamagyang Bay. In general pattern of primary production in these bays, high production occurs in summer with increasing trend since spring.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.922-928
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• 2001

There exists considerable evidence that steroid hormones are involved in the regulation of ovulation rate and oviductal development in poultry. However, the effect of steroid hormones on egg productivity of Korean Native Ogol Chicken (KNOC) has yet to be studied. Therefore, this study was performed to relate the expression of steroid hormones, especially progesterone ($P_4$) and estradiol ($E_2$), with egg productivity during the laying period. Egg production and egg weight of 70 KNOC were recorded from 20 to 60wk. Blood was taken every 10 wk and serum $P_4$ and $E_2$ were measured by radioimmunoassay. Based on egg productivity and steroid hormones levels up to 60 wk, chickens were divided into two groups, high and low. Compared to the low egg production group, a significantly higher expression of $P_4$ at 30 wk was detected in the high group. Moreover, egg production in the high $P_4$ group significantly differed from that in the low group at 30 wk. On the other hand, a Significant difference (p<0.05) in $E_2$ expression was found between high and low egg weight groups at 30 wk. Although a significant difference in egg weight between two groups by $E_2$ was not detected, the high $E_2$ group showed a higher level of egg weight than the low $E_2$ group except for 25 wk. In the comparison of ovary weight and small yellow follicle number, the group with high egg productivity and steroid concentration showed greater levels than the low group. Taken together, the results indicate that $P_4$ is related to egg productivity whereas expression of $E_2$ is associated with egg weight in KNOC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2013

The myostatin (MSTN) gene, as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, has been proposed to be associated with production traits in farm animals. In the present study, a T/C variant at -125 bp (relative to ATG start codon) of 5'regulatory region of rabbit MSTN was identified by direct sequencing. Two hundred and twenty two rabbits, which were randomly sampled from 3 breeds (Ira rabbits, Champagne rabbits and Tianfu black rabbits), were genotyped by high-resolution melting (HRM). Comparing the genotyping results of 47 samples with direct sequencing, the HRM showed high sensitivity (0.96) and high specificity (0.98). In the three rabbit breeds, the allele C was the predominant allele. The polymorphic site showed high heterozygosity (He = 0.48) and high effective number of alleles (Ne = 1.91). The genetic diversity was reasonably informative (0.25