• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 1995

Three new lectins, MLA-I, MLA-II and MLA-III, have been isolatedand purified from the hemolymph of Meretrix lusoria and reported previously. Biophysicochemical characteristics were investigated with these three MLA lectins. The MLA lectins agglutinated human erythrocytes non specifically and proved as D-galactose group carbohydrate specific. Molecular weight of ML.A-I. II and III were estimated to be 330, 500 and 310KD, respectively, by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B column. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ML.A-I was dissociated into a single subunit of 42KD, MLA-II was into the twelve subunits of 46, 32, 30, 28, 25, 23. 22, 20. 19, 16, 15, and 14KD, and MLA-III was into the two subunits of 72 and 44KD. The pl of MLA-I, II, III were 4.0. 4.9 and 5.0. Amino acid analysis revealed a high contents of acidic and hydroxy amino acids, and a paucity of sulfur containing amino acids. Proline was not contained in MLA-II.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.318-324
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• 1998

A ${\beta}$-galactosidase with high transgalactosylic activity was purified from a Bacillus species, registered as KFCC10855. The enzyme preparation showed a single protein band corresponding to a molecular mass of 150 kDa on SDS-PAGE and gave a single peak with the estimated molecular mass of 250 kDa on Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration, suggesting that the enzyme is a homodimeric protein. The amino acid and sugar analyses revealed that the enzyme is a glycoprotein, containing 19.2 weight percent of sugar moieties, and is much more abundant in hydrophilic amino acid residues than in hydrophobic residues, the mole ratio being about 2:1. The pI and optimum pH were determined to be 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. Having a temperature optimum at $70^{\circ}C$ for the hydrolysis of lactose, the enzyme showed good thermal stability. The activity of the enzyme preparation was markedly increased by the presence of exogenous Mg (II) and was decreased by the addition of EDTA. Among the metal ions examined, the most severely inhibitory effect was seen with Ag (I) and Hg (II). Further, results of protein modification by various chemical reagents implied that 1 cysteine, 1 histidine, and 2 methionine residues occur in certain critical sites of the enzyme, most likely including the active site. Enzyme kinetic parameters, measured for both hydrolysis and transgalactosylation of lactose, indicated that the enzyme has an excellent catalytic efficiency for formation of the transgalactosylic products in reaction mixtures containing high concentrations of the substrate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.269-276
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• 2015

This study investigated the influence of characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) on the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), and proposed the control strategies of DBPs formation in a drinking water treatment plant using lake water in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix analysis results revealed that the origins of NOM in raw waters to the plant were a mixture of terrestrial and microbial sources. Molecular size distributions and removals of NOM fractions were evaluated with a liquid chromatography-organic carbon detector (LC-OCD) analysis. Humic substances and low molecular weight organics were dominant fractions of NOM in the raw water. High molecular weight organics were relatively easier to remove through coagulation/precipitation than low molecular weight organics. The concentrations of DBPs formed by pre-chlorination increased through the treatment processes in regular sequence due to longer reaction time. Chloroform (74%) accounts for the largest part of trihalomethanes, followed by bromodichloromethane (22%) and dibromochloromethane (4%). Dichloroacetic acid (50%) and trichloroacetic acid (48%) were dominant species of haloacetic acids, and brominated species such as dibromoacetic acid (2%) were minimal or none. Dichloroacetonitrile (60%) accounts for the largest part of haloacetonitriles, followed by bromochloroacetonitrile (30%) and dibromoacetonitrile (10%). The formation of DBPs were reduced by 16~44% as dosages of pre-chlorine decreased. Dosages of pre-chlorine was more contributing to DBPs formation than variations of dissolved organic contents or water temperature.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.427-435
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• 2019

Background: A growing interest in health has increased the need for the development of potent antioxidant materials known to play a role in various physiological activities. Currently research and development of non-toxic natural antioxidants with high activity is ongoing. Methods and Results: In this study, we measured 2,2'-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of 10 plant essential oils, selecting samples of Dendranthema indicum, Dendranthema zawadskii, and Citrus sunki essential oils. The samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography (LC) and the radical scavenging activity on LC-based systems with the same conditions. In the LC-mass spectroscopy (MS)/MS analysis of the active compound peak, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol with a molecular weight of 150.1 g/mol was identified in C. sunki essential oils. Eugenol or isoeugenol with a molecular weight of 164.1 g/mol as identified in D. indicum and D. zawadskii essential oils as radical scavenging active compounds. Conclusions: In the LC-based measurement system, the active ingredient can be identified by simultaneously conducting profile analysis and the radical scavenging activity of essential oil samples. In addition, LC-MS/MS analysis of the active compound peaks can be performed under the same separation conditions to obtain data that can identify the active compounds in the sample.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.176-185
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• 2016

Yeonsan Ogae has been known as supporting health and high efficacy of treatment. In recent days, as the efficacy of functional peptides has known, the optimization of oligo peptides production and its characteristics from Ogae legs has been performed. Response surface method was used to perform the optimizaion of enzyme hydrolysis. The range of processes was temperature ( 40, 50 and $60^{\circ}C$), pH( pH 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 ), and enzyme( 1, 2 and 3% ). The degree of hydrolysis, amino acids, molecular weight of products were analyzed. The optimum process of enzyme hydrolysis were determined as temperature $58^{\circ}C$, pH 7.5, and enzyme concentration 3%. At optimum conditions, the degree of hydrolysis after 2 h reaction was 75-80%. The amino acid and were 168.131 mg/100 g, respectively. The molecular weight of products by using MALDI-TOF was ranged from 300 to 1,000 Da.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2017

In the direct digital textile printing process, the pre-treatment process is an essential condition for products by forming a clear pattern by sticking and penetration of DTP dye without spreading on the fabric. Recently, pre-treatment agent is changing from high viscosity to low viscosity in order to reduce defects of fabric during pre-treatment process. In this study, pre-treatment agent of acrylic polymer with low viscosity(less than 50cps) was prepared according to the solid content of the polymer, pre-treated on the cotton fabric, and direct DTP printing was performed to compare the color and sharpness. As a result, it showed high color at a viscosity of 50cps or less. When the solid content of the polyacrylic acid having a high molecular weight(A1) was 2.5wt%, when the solid content of the polyacrylic acid having a low molecular weight(A2) was 1 - 1.5wt%, the color was the best. And when the solid content of A1 and A2 was 1.5wt%, the degree of spreading was small and A1 was superior to A2 at the sharpness.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 1998

Polyvinyl acetate emulsion has been widely used as adhesives for wood and paper, paint additives and binders for fiber, leather, and other materials because it is an excellent adhesive with many advantages including low in toxicity risks and manufacturing cost. It is expected the consumption of polyvinyl acetate emulsion as adhesives will increase in cigarette industry as well as in paperboard coating industry. Recently the operation speed of the cigarette tip wrapper increased so substantially that improvement of the emulsion properties is required including good wet tack development, narrow and controlled particle size distribution, low viscosity, etc. In this study the effects of such polymerization conditions as the type and amount of emulsifier, internal or external plasticizing, and emulsification methods on the viscosity and particle size of polyvinyl acetate emulsions were examined. Results showed that polyvinyl alcohol with a high degree of hydrolysis and low molecular weight and nonionic surfactants are superior to anionic surfactant in improving adhesion and emulsion stability. They also tend to produce emulsions with smaller particle size. External plasticization with dipropylene glycol dibenzoate was more effective in improving flexibility than internal plasticization with butyl acrylate. Monomer emulsification under high shear was more effective in decreasing the particle size.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.547-552
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• 2010

Biodegradable polymers have gained enormous attentions in the pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, especially in drug delivery. In this work, we report the synthesis and characteristics of high molecular weight polyoxalate with ~75000 Da. Hydrolytic degradation kinetics and degradation products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. Polyoxalate is a semicrystalline and thermally stable polymer with a glass transition temperature of ${\sim}35^{\circ}C$, which is suitable for drug delivery applications. The hydrophobic nature of polyoxalate allows it to be formulated into nanoparticles and encapsulate drugs using a conventional oil-in-water emulsion/solvent displacement method. Polyoxalate nanoparticles also exhibited excellent cytotoxicity profiles. It can be suggested that polyoxalate has great potential for numerous biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.581-586
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• 2021

The high fatality of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is closely related to acute pneumonia and severe blood clot formation in brain, heart, kidney and lung. The use of low-molecular weight heparins has been shown to reduce the risk of thrombosis and reduce fatality rates among COVID-19 patients. In this study, we investigated the antithrombotic activity of different parts of C. sativa extracts to determine its potential in preventing blood clots in patients with thromboprophylaxis. The extracts of leaf, stem, root, immature flower and seed of C. sativa showed strong inhibitory activities on blood clot formation. In particular, the flower extract showed the strongest inhibitions against blood coagulation factors and thrombin. Strong hemolysis activities were observed in flower extract and seed extract, suggested that removal of the hemolysis active compounds in th extracts is necessary. This is a first report of anti-thrombosis activities of different parts of C. sativa extracts, and our results suggest that C. sativa extract has potential has a valuable bioresource for high-value products.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.645-654
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• 2016

For the purpose of reuse the wasted by-products from the skate process to the health functional food or medicinal material, chondroitin sulfate was extracted from the skate cartilage with the method of hydrolysis with protease enzyme, and the contents of chondroitin sulfate and hydrolyzed protein were measured qualitatively and quantitatively. The effects of chondroitin sulfate on body weight or liver weight changes, hepatotoxicity elimination and anti-inflammatory actions were measured from in vivo test with feed-treated mice. From the hydrolytic extraction of skate cartilage with the mixture of 1% alcalase and 1% protease for 4 hours, the extraction yield of chondroitin sulfate was about 32.55%. The content and molecular weight of chondroitin sulfate was 26.63% and $2.85{\times}10^5Da$., respectively and the content ratio of chondroitin sulfate to protein was measured to 1 to 2.76 with gel permeation chromatography. For the odor component, trimethylamine decreased about 30% but almost not ammonia from chondroitin sulfate with the treatment of activated carbon. From the feeding chondroitin sulfate to mice, the control effect of body and liver weights decrease was measured, anti-inflammatory action and hepatotoxicity elimination action were also measured. From these results, process operation conditions for manufacturing of chondroitin sulfate were suggested.