• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.483-486
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• 2000

The influence of feed allowance on intake and nutrient utilization by Barbari goats given green maize (Zea mays) and potential feeding value of left-overs were studied. The goats were offered food at 3 levels to give left-overs of about 20% (T-1), 35% (T-2) and 50% (T-3) DM of offered amount. A marked effect of refusal rate on intake and digestibility of nutrients was found. The DMI, g/kg $W^{0.75}$ increased from 39.86 in T-1 to 50.91 and 66.55 g in groups T-2 and T-3, respectively. Allowing selective consumption at higher levels (T-2 and T-3), the intake of TDN and DCP from green maize was found not only to meet the maintenance requirement but provided surplus energy and protein for substantial production. The variability in diet selectivity between goats under different treatments was pronounced. As the level of food excess increased to T-3, the left overs had a higher IVDMD and crude protein and decreased cell wall constituents (p<0.05). Considering the substantial increase in intake and digestibility from feeding green maize at high allowances to goats, further studies are needed to develop practical feeding strategies.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.291-296
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• 1995

This study was conducted to determine the influence of alfalfa supplementation on intake, digestibility nitrogen and energy utilization in Korean native goats fed oak browse. This experiment was conducted by total collection method in laboratory, 1994. Diets included 100% oak bmwse(control), 75% oak browse+ 25% alfalfa and 50% oak browse + 50% alfalfa. Alfalfa supplemented diets were slightly higher CP(PO.O5). lignin (P<0.05) and tannin(P<0.05) contents than those control diets. Increasing levels of alfalfa supplementation, dry matter intake slightly increased, but no differences were observed in all diets. Digestibility for dry matter and cellular constituents showed higher for alfalfa supplemented diets than control diets(P<0.05), but NDF and ADF digestibility were similar for all diets. Alfalfa supplemented diets furnished higher dietary N, apparently digested N and retained N than did the control diets(P<0.05). Consumed energy slightly increased with increasing levels of alfalfa supplementation(P>0.05). DE was high(P<0.05) in alfalfa supplemented diets. but ME was similar for all diets. As above results, oak browse diets alone did not supply N and energy in excess of NRC recommended allowance for goats. Hence, goats fed oak browse with supplementation of protein sources such as alfalfa will be need to provides adequate nutrients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.383-393
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• 1991

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of cimaterol on growth performance, carcass quality and cellular functional activity of broilers as affected by the various protein and energy levels. In starter period (0-21 days) all chicks were fed the basal diet which contained approximately 23 % crude protein and 3200 kcal of metabolizable energy per kg of diet. The cimaterol was added during 22-49 days and during the period of 8th week the cimaterol was withdrawn. In finisher period (22-49 days), a $2{\times}2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement consisting of 2 levels of cimaterol (0 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg), 2 levels of protein (19%, 17%) and 3 levels of energy (3200, 2900, 2600 kcal/kg) was used. In the finisher period, the body weight gain and feed efficiency was improved by the supplementation of cimaterol. The high protein and high energy level with supplementation of cimaterol had showed the highest body weight gain and feed efficiency, without significant difference. The administration of cimaterol had no effects on percentage of abdominal fat content, giblet and neck. Eventhough the difference was not significant (p>0.05), carcass yield was improved slightly by the administration of cimaterol. The effect of cimaterol on carcass composition was clearly demonstrated that protein content of broilers was not increased (p>0.05) but fat content decreased significantly (p<0.05). The ultilization of nutrients in experimental diets was not significantly affected by feeding cimaterol compared to control group. The results of in vitro studies with liver and adipose tissue showed that cimaterol increased the lipolytic activities at 19% protein level whereas at 17% protein level this effect was variable. Lipogenic activities in liver and adipose tissue were not affected with the administration of cimaterol but the activities increased as energy decreased, particularly in liver tissue. In cell studies with acinar culture of liver tissues, cimaterol had no effect on protein synthetic activity but the parameter was increased at higher level of dietary protein and energy. Protein secretion in liver was increased by the supplementation of cimaterol. In addition, at high protein level the protein secretion was increased and has shown the highest values at medium energy level.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2010

Soil microbes perform crucial roles in the nutrient cycles of forest ecosystems, by effecting the decomposition of organic matter. Enzyme activities have been used to evaluate decomposition rates, as well as microbial activities. The principal objectives of this study were to determine the activities of different soil enzymes, to compare enzyme activities at different elevations, and to elucidate the most important controlling variables for enzyme activities. We conducted a field survey at three sites in Mt. Jumbong on a monthly basis from May, 2004 to September, 2005. Enzyme activities did not change substantially over different seasons. However, the spatial differences were distinct; the lowest elevation site evidenced the lowest levels of enzyme activity. Soils at the lowest elevation were nutrient-depleted soils, and enzyme activities appeared to be affected by precipitation and temperature. However, enzyme activities in fertile soils at high elevations were associated with nutrients and organic matter. The enzyme activities detected in this study differed significantly at the three elevations, and their controlling variables also evidenced different factors.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.411-416
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• 2022

Looking at the dietary patterns of women in their 20s and 30s as well as postmenopausal women, the intake of most nutrients was lower than the recommended levels. Shrimp is a low-calorie, high-protein food, and contains abundant minerals, and it is expected to help prevent osteoporosis. In this study, jinmal dasik was prepared by varying the shrimp content at 0, 1, 5, and 7%, and the quality characteristics were measured. Hardness, adhesion, chewiness, and cohesiveness of physical properties increased significantly as the amount added increased (p<0.001). The springiness decreased significantly as the amount of addition increased in the addition group (p<0.001). In the calcium, there was a significant increase as the amount added increased (p<0.001). In the potassium, there was a significant increase as the amount added increased (p=0.049). This study intends to highlight the benefits and possible uses of shrimp.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.144-152
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• 2012

Objective: Concerns are growing about the decrease in male reproductive health. Caffeine is one of the popular nutrients that has been implicated as a risk factor for infertility. In the present study, we examined whether in utero and lactational exposure to caffeine affects the reproductive function of the offspring of rats. Methods: Pregnant rats received caffeine via drinking water during gestation (26 and 45 mg/kg) and lactation (25 and 35 mg/kg). Body and reproductive organ weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, sperm parameters, fertility rate, number of implantations, and testosterone level of the offspring were assessed from birth to adulthood. Results: Significant dose-related decreases were observed in the body and reproductive organ weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, and germinal epithelium height of the offspring. Sperm density had declined significantly in offspring of the low-dose and high-dose groups, by 8.81% and 19.97%, respectively, by postnatal day 150. The number of viable fetuses had decreased significantly in females mated with male offspring of the high-dose group at postnatal days 60, 90, 120, and 150. There were also significant reductions in testosterone levels of high-dose group offspring from birth to postnatal day 150. Conclusion: It is concluded that maternal caffeine consumption impairs gonadal development and has long-term adverse effects on the reproductive efficiency of male offspring rats.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

The factors influencing somatic embryo maturation, high frequency somatic embryo germination, and plantlet formation were studied in Terminalia chebula Retz. Maturation of somatic embryo were influenced by a number of factors such as in vitro culture passage, concentrations of sucrose, levels of abscisic acid (ABA), basal media and media additive combinations. Maximum frequency of somatic embryo maturation ($57.22{\pm}2.02$), was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 50 g/l sucrose. Different factors such as strengths of MS nutrients, plant growth regulators, media additives and their combinations controlling somatic embryo germination and plantlet formation were studied. High frequency of germination and plantlet formation ($58.80{\pm}1.47$) were achieved by subsequent subculture of mature somatic embryos on MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose and 0.5 mg/l benzyl-adenine (BA). However, although duration of in vitro passage of the callus tissue was critical, contribution of the combinations of plant growth regulators and media additives showed nugatory effect on somatic embryo maturation and germination as evident from variable responses.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2020

Dietary components can modulate stress, inflammatory indicators, and health risk. This study examined the relationship among diet, metabolic disease risk, and perceived stress in Korean adult females using the 2017-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 4,353 adult women aged 19-64 years were classified into four groups according to perceived stress level: very high stress group (VHSG, n=225), high stress group (HSG, n=1,079), moderate stress group (MSG, n=2,532), and low stress group (LSG, n=517). Data collection included the sociodemographics, anthropometrics, blood profile, and dietary survey. After adjusting for covariates, those in the VHSG had a higher body mass index (p=0.013) and obesity rate (p=0.053) with a shorter sleep time than the LSG group. The VHSG also tended to have a higher plasma LDL-cholesterol, hsC-reactive protein and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol, vitamin A, and vitamin E than the low stress group. High stress subjects demonstrated increased breakfast skipping frequency (p<0.0001), decreased fiber intake (p=0.001), potassium (p=0.041), and vitamin A (p=0.011) than the low stress ones. Therefore the perceived stress level was associated with the inflammatory indicators, obesity, and lack of anti-inflammatory or antioxidant nutrients. The dietary components may be an important mediator of stress and metabolic disease.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.283-297
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the nutrient intake and level of depressive symptoms. A total of 5,761 subjects with depression were selected for the main data analysis from a Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, KNHANES (2016), and were divided into low depressed and high depressed groups. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2-test$, logistic regression, and t-test using SPSS 24.0 statistics. The results revealed significant differences in the prevalence of depression according to sex (P<0.001), age (P<0.001), income (P<0.001), and education (P<0.001). Regarding the health behavior, higher stress levels (P<0.001) and smoking habit (P<0.001) appeared to be strongly associated with high levels of depression. On the other hand, the possibility of experiencing depressive symptoms was lower when the number of walking days per week was more than 3 days (P<0.05), when the number of working days per week was more than 5 days (P<0.01), and the rate of aerobic physical activity was higher. Based on the 'Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans 2015', the subjects in the low depression group showed better intake of energy and 22 nutrients than the high depression group.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.645-661
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• 2020

Leaf senescence is a developmental process by which a plant actively remobilizes nutrients from aged and photosynthetically inefficient leaves to young growing ones by disassembling organelles and degrading macromolecules. Senescence is accelerated by age and environmental stresses such as prolonged darkness. Phytochrome B (phyB) inhibits leaf senescence by inhibiting phytochrome-interacting factor 4 (PIF4) and PIF5 in prolonged darkness. However, it remains unknown whether phyB mediates the temperature signal that regulates leaf senescence. We found the light-activated form of phyB (Pfr) remains active at least four days after a transfer to darkness at 20℃ but is inactivated more rapidly at 28℃. This faster inactivation of Pfr further increases PIF4 protein levels at the higher ambient temperature. In addition, PIF4 mRNA levels rise faster after the transfer to darkness at high ambient temperature via a mechanism that depends on ELF3 but not phyB. Increased PIF4 protein then binds to the ORE1 promoter and activates its expression together with ABA and ethylene signaling, accelerating leaf senescence at high ambient temperature. Our results support a role for the phy-PIF signaling module in integrating not only light signaling but also temperature signaling in the regulation of leaf senescence.