• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2000

Akabane disease is transmitted through mosquitoes in cattle, sheep and goats. It shows congenital abnormalities including encephalomyetitis, hydranencephaly, neurogenic arthrogryposis, and deformed neonatal calves. Akabane viruses, 93FMX and K-9 strain, were isolated from fetal matrix of aborted cow and blood of healthy cow, respectively. S gene sequences of 93FMX and K-9 showed 100% homology with that of OBE-1 strain isolated in Japan. Based upon our sequencing data, we synthesized specific primers for PCR diagnosis. Using these primers, we were able to amplify the S gene of Akabane virus not only from the culture fluid of Vero cells but also from the brain tissue of suckling mouse inoculated with, Akabane virus. These PCR products were confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Not only the sensitivity of PCR test was high enough to detect the viruses of $10^{1.0}TCID_{50}/ml$, but also the time for diagnosis was significantly shorter than that of the virus isolation by tissue culture method. This method was also effective for the detection of Akabane virus in the cerebrum of fetus. RT-PCR method may be used for a useful diagnostic test of the clinical cases of Akabane disease.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.393-402
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• 1987

The halophilic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus, previously called lactose-positive(L+) Vibrio and Beneckea vulnifica, causes acute, fulminating wound infections and septicemia in humans. Septicemia is very serious infection with a fatality rate of about 50%. Most patients with primary septicemia due to V. vulnificus have preexisting liver disease. V. vulnificus also cause severe wound infections usually after trauma and exposure to marine animals or the marine environment. The mortality rate is not nearly as high as in primary septicemia caused by this organism. In most cases human disease results from ingestion of contaminated seafood or from infection of a wound, frequently of seawater or crab origin. The author made an attempt to isolation of the V vulnificus from seawater, seamud, fish, shellfish, and algae on the southern sea of Korea from January to September in 1987, using for the purpose of vaccine preparation. The author investigated for bacteriological identification, hemolysis and determination of serotypes of isolated V. vulnificus strains. Eighty-five strains(5.9%) out of 1450 specimens collected of V. vulnificus were isolated. The distribution of the 85 isolates were as follows: 21 strains from seawater, 11 strains from seamud, 28 strains from fish, 19 strains from shellfish, and 6 strains from algae, respectively. All 85 isolates were positive reaction on human blood agar. The distribution of serotypes of V. vulnificus isolates were O1 to O8: 13 strains of O1, 6 strains of O2, 11 strains of O3, 9 strains of O4, 10 strains of O5, 7 strains of O6, 15 strains of O7, and 10 strains of O8, respectively. Eighty-one strains showed agglutination with O antisera, but 4 strains failed to show agglutination. In this study, the author suspected that serotypes of V. vulnificus isolates distributed also in the seaside of Korea as well as in most seaside of the world, and new serotypes were in existence in the seaside of Korea except reported up to now.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.461-466
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• 2002

Fiber-optic comb filters using a side-polished fiber coupler are proposed as multi-channel isolation filters on wavelength division multiplexing systems. We have demonstrated that the coupling efficiency between two waveguides is improved by the intermediate coupling layer in spite of the decrease of the optical power transfer between two waveguides due to the high-order modes of the overlay waveguide coupled with the side-polished single-mode fiber. When LiNbO$_3$with a 200-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-thickness was applied as a planar-overlay-waveguide, the comb filtering characteristics with a 4 nm-channel-spacing were achieved and the maximum power coupling occurred at the 1-${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-thickness and the refractive index in range 1.52 to 1.53 of an intermediate coupling layer. If the intermediate coupling layer is optimized, an extinction ratio with more than 20 dB can be obtained. These experimental results are in good agreement with the BPM simulation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.375-393
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• 2006

Under high velocity, pulse type near source earthquakes semi-active control systems are very effective in reducing seismic response base isolated structures. Semi-active control systems can be classified as: 1) independently variable stiffness, 2) independently variable damping, and 3) combined variable stiffness and damping systems. Several researchers have studied the effectiveness of independently varying damping systems for seismic response reduction of base isolated structures. In this study effectiveness of a combined system consisting of a semi-active independently variable stiffness (SAIVS) device and a magnetorheological (MR) damper in reducing seismic response of base isolated structures is analytically investigated. The SAIVS device can vary the stiffness, and hence the period, of the isolation system; whereas, the MR damper enhances the energy dissipation characteristics of the isolation system. Two separate control algorithms, i.e., a nonlinear tangential stiffness moving average control algorithm for smooth switching of the SAIVS device and a Lyapunov based control algorithm for damping variation of MR damper, are developed. Single and multi degree of freedom systems consisting of sliding base isolation system and both the SAIVS device and MR damper are considered. Results are presented in the form of nonlinear response spectra, and effectiveness of combined variable stiffness and variable damping system in reducing seismic response of sliding base isolated structures is evaluated. It is shown that the combined variable stiffness and variable damping system leads to significant response reduction over cases with variable stiffness or variable damping systems acting independently, over a broad period range.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.427-441
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect EVE about culture & art education and social tendencies have on adult educatees eliminating controlled mechanisms. Quantitative research on those in their 40s and 50s was executed. The results show that there is a high correlation between GEVE and individualism, REVE and collectivism. GEVE has a higher influence on actualization of self-efficiency, FEVE on reignition of retained desires, REVE on substantialization of non-isolation, individualism on actualization of self-efficiency, and collectivism on substantialization of non-isolation. This research evokes the importance of an interdisciplinary and integrated understanding of EVE in culture & art education, educatees' social tendencies, and their psychological mechanisms. Also, it suggests the necessity of following research and practical adaptation related to developing programs, securing quantitative and qualitative appropriateness reflecting social requirements, and operation, evaluation, and management considering reciprocality.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.404-414
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• 1989

Attempts were made to isolate and identify Gram-positive or lactic acid bacteria in Kimchi fermentation. Species diversity depended on isolation media and temperatures, and diversity tended to be reduced with decrease of temperature. MRS and KM (natural medium prepared from Kimchi materials) were suitable respectively for isolation and present number of species. Identification of isolates was performed by dichotomous identification schemes arranged on the basis of Bergey's manual of Systematic Bacteriology (1986). Gram-positive bacteria isolated at different temperatures (5, 15, $25^{\circ}C$) were 5 species of Leuconostoc, 4 species of Streptococcus, 3 species of Pediococcus, 2 species of Bacillus and 18 species of Lactobacillus. Species with high frequency of appearance were Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus raffinolactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides at $25^{\circ}C$, L. plantarum, Lactobacillus fructosus, L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides at $15^{\circ}C$ and L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Leuconosotoc paramesenteroides, Lactobacillus maltaromicus at $15^{\circ}C$. In general, Kimchi fermentation was achieved by Lactobacillus spp. (59.7% frequency) at $25^{\circ}C$ and Leuconostoc spp. (65.2% frequency) at $5^{\circ}C$. Pediococcus cerevisiae and Streptococcus faecalis which have been so far known as bacteria of Kimchi fermentation were not isolated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.37-49
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• 2002

The objective of this research was an investigation of the important green spaces in Daegu and to present the basic frame of green network in Daegu. Present the condition of the significant green spaces is as follows: In the 3km radius of the city center, the isolation and discontinuation of the green spaces was extensive, caused by crowding of houses and funeral parlours. Consequently, the isolation relaxation which leads to the additional creation of the green spaces and a buffering plan were demanded. In the transfer area of a 3∼6km radius, which is located between the city center's congested area and the suburb green spaces, the significant green spaces had high connection and buffering characteristic, but in the northwest and the south, serious discontinuation appeared between the suburb green spaces and the city conte green spaces. In the 6∼9km radius, the suburb important green spaces accomplished the function which extended the back core green spaces to the city center area. But creation of buffering green spaces was necessary in part because of proximity to the resident area. The results suggest a connection between green spaces on the base of the distribution of the important green spaces, were as follows: In the 3km radius, irregular direction lines appeared while a schedule one direction line appeared in 3∼6km and 6∼9km radius. The discontinued parts of the green network were caused by industrial complexes, house crowding, and cultivation areas. Consequently, reservation and creation plans of green spaces in response to this were demanded. Through the additional creation of green spaces in the discontinued parts, the basic frame of green network in Daegu was the radiation annular form. And it was suitable to activate the parks and the general green spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2016

Micro-vibration induced by on-board appendages that have mechanical moving parts has always been treated as an useless objective that has to be isolated, in order to comply with a high-resolution mission requirement of the observation satellite. In this study, we proposed a tuned mass damper energy harvester combined with a conventional passive vibration isolator for exhibiting dual functions of both electrical energy harvesting and micro-vibration isolation. The feasibility of the proposed dual-function complex system has been demonstrated through the comparison with numerical simulations, based on the results of basic characteristic tests, and experiments of the harvested power and micro-vibration.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.503-529
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• 2015

Traditionally, multi-story buildings are designed to provide stiffer structural support to withstand lateral earthquake loading. Introducing flexible elements at the base of a structure and providing sufficient damping is an alternative way to mitigate seismic hazards. These features can be achieved with a device known as an isolator. This paper covers the design of base isolators for multi-story buildings in medium-risk seismicity regions and evaluates the structural responses of such isolators. The well-known tower building for police personnel built in Dhaka, Bangladesh by the Public Works Department (PWD) has been used as a case study to justify the viability of incorporating base isolators. The objective of this research was to establish a simplified model of the building that can be effectively used for dynamic analysis, to evaluate the structural status, and to suggest an alternative option to handle the lateral seismic load. A finite element model was incorporated to understand the structural responses. Rubber-steel bearing (RSB) isolators such as Lead rubber bearing (LRB) and high damping rubber bearing (HDRB) were used in the model to insert an isolator link element in the structural base. The nonlinearities of rubber-steel bearings were considered in detail. Linear static, linear dynamic, and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed for both fixed-based (FB) and base isolated (BI) buildings considering the earthquake accelerograms, histories, and response spectra of the geological sites. Both the time-domain and frequency-domain approaches were used for dynamic solutions. The results indicated that for existing multi-story buildings, RSB diminishes the muscular amount of structural response compared to conventional non-isolated structures. The device also allows for higher horizontal displacement and greater structural flexibility. The suggested isolation technique is able to mitigate the structural hazard under even strong earthquake vulnerability.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.68-72
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• 2020

Purpose: Trisomy 21, the cause of Down syndrome (DS) with various medical problems, is the most common aneuploidy during the fetal period. For diagnosis, a non-invasive screening test using maternal blood, which cannot be confirmed and invasive confirmation test with a risk of miscarriage, may be performed. The trophoblast retrieval and isolation of the cervix (TRIC) have been proposed by some researchers as an alternative to overcome the limitations of current tests. We experimented using TRIC to identify the possibility of trisomy 21 for the first time in Asia. Materials and Methods: Three cases of DS were analyzed confirmed by invasive tests (chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis). All samples of trophoblasts immediately were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline and processed with formalin for fixation. The trophoblasts were isolated using an anti-human leukocyte antigen-G antibody coupled to magnetic nanoparticles. β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-expressing cells were considered as trophoblast cells, and the detection rate calculated. DS was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: The mean trophoblast detection rate using β-hCG was 78.1%, and the detection rate using FISH was 22.2%. In all cases, the trisomy of chromosome 21 was identified. Conclusion: Trophoblast can be obtained from the five weeks of gestation and has a high detection rate, so it is noted that it can replace the current prenatal genetic test. To realize the clinical application as a prenatal genetic test, we will need additional efforts to identify trisomy 21 as well as other chromosomal abnormalities in future large-scale studies.