• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2001

Background: Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes is believed to be important in the development of many human malignancies. Recently, several lines of evidence have indicated that the wild type p53 gene located at 17p13.3, may function as a tumor suppressor gene and that a mutant p53 gene could promote transformation by inactivating normal p53 function in a dominant negative fashion. These broad spectrum of p53 mutation in human cancers provide that mutant p53 and their protein may be potential targets of tumor diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Method: Colony formation was performed to investigate growth suppressional ability. p53 expression pattern was examined by western blot and p53-mediated transactivation ability was assessed by CAT activity. SNU C2A cells were observed in apoptotic aspects induced by etoposide and $H_2O_2$ treatment, detecting sensitivity on agent, DNA fragmentation through agarose gel, chromatin condensation by fluorescence microscope, and cell cycle distribution by FACS. Result: 1) p53 mutant his179arg ($histidine{\rightarrow}arginine$) detected in SNU C2A cells lost transcriptional activity and growth suppression ability, showing dominant negative effect on its wild type p53. 2) Etoposide-treated SNU C2A cells induced apoptosis, exhibiting dramatic reduction of cell growth, DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation formation of apoptotic body and increment of sub-G1 cell fraction. 3) Etoposide and $H_2O_2$-treated SNU C2A cells have no high increase of p53 expression and overexpressed p53 protein changed localization, from cytoplasm to nucleus. Also, p53-mediated transcriptional activity was increased by agents-treatment. Conclusion: SNU C2A cells coexpress wild-type and mutant p53 protein induced apoptosis in the condition on DNA damage, through localizational shift from cytoplasm to nucleus of p53 protein rather than the induction of p53 protein. SNU C2A cells derived mutant p53 his179arg abrogated both the growth supression ability and transactivational activity, showing inhibition effect on transcriptional activity of wild type p53, but did not repress the activity of wild type p53 in SNU C2A cells owing to dominant activity of wild type. These cell condition may provide new gene therapeutic implications leading effective antiproliferation of cell when mutant and wild-type p53 protein were co-expressed in cell.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.7
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• pp.283-302
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the current situation about the internet usage and advertisement attitude, to investigate the relationship between consumer characteristics and internet advertising effect, and to identify the moderating effect of consumer characteristics on the relationship between advertising types and advertising effects. For the study, a sample of 152 apparel consumers participated in this survey research. The survey of design with a questionnaire was employed. Questionnaire was developed with the html language and data collection was done at Korea though the internet on October 2000. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (i.e., frequency, percent), ANOVA with duncan tests were used. First, the major place of using internet was found as home, company, school, PC room in order and the average time of using internet was found as three times weekly. The major purpose of using internet were information search, e-mail, PC communication and program-download. The experience of internet fashion advertising was high. Second, consumer characteristics(age, job) had significant effects on attitude to the product. 20 years-old age group and specialist group were found to influence on the higher attitude toward product. Third, main effects of consumer characteristics(age, job) were found to be significant. The correlation and interaction effects of consumer characteristics and internet advertisement types were not significant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.1 s.100
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to comprehend the color and the coloration of Han-bok on the oil-painting of modern Korea. Generally, the modern Korean art is from late 19th to early 1980s' for the lowest year. Through the introduction of oil painting and the painter's work which had been reflected painter's realism at these times, we might know that the phases of the times and we could see a Korean costume and color combination. In this study, Han-bok is divided to upper clothes, lower clothes and the other parts which was distinguished by the color. The color of Han-bok which is watched on the modern art oil-painting is mainly white. The primary color including red, yellow, blue and middle tone colors is in harmony. It means that the five colors of Yin-Yang Wu-hsing were preferred until the modern times. The coloration of Han-bok is classified to a one-colored arrangement, two-colored arrangement and three-colored arrangement. The one-colored arrangement by white and black is a peculiar coloration to the modern times. The two-colored arrangement is a traditional coloration of Han-bok. The color which is high value and chroma is arranged on jacket, Jeogori. A dimension rate that is related with the difference of value and chroma made a visual harmony. In many cases of the two-colored arrangement of neutral colors is not much different in Jeogori and Chima. So Han-bok which is two-colored arrangement of neutral colors is colored in a breast- tie, pigtail ribbon, cuff and waist band for getting visual focus. The represented three-colored arrangement is white Jeogori and navy blue Chima with red breast-tie. It is a perfect visual color combination. The color of Han-bok was inherited a traditional color and the combination of neutral color was balanced. It was a refinable coloration system according to a difference of value and chroma. It means that a color sensation and arrangement of Korean have been developed by our unique climate, nations and the culture which has been formed for a long times.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1126-1126
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• 2001

The paper presented here is the initial part of a larger study, in which it was determined which quality parameters in cheese powder could already be predicted by NIR at an early stage in the process and which could only be predicted at the final stages of the process. This initial study was performed in order to establish the levels and nature of variation within and between batches such that the subsequent data collection could be tackled optimally. The perspectives evolved into more than was originally planned and revealed some interesting uses of NIR-technology. Cheese powder production starts as a batch process, where waste cheese from other dairies is melted down in a vat. The process then turns into a continual process as the vat is emptied and the melted cheese is then filtered, homogenized, pasteurized and finally spray dried. Between each batch the powder is to a greater or lesser degree a mixture of 2 batches. This paper is divided into 2 aspects, one regarding the optimization of sampling time and the other is a study of process dynamics. Optimizing sampling time This initial study included 9 powder samples from 9 different batches produced during one day. The raw materials for the batches were chosen with the aim of creating a relatively high level of variation in the data. The total of 81 samples were taken out at regular intervals and spectra were collected on a NIR-systems 6500 instrument. The subsequent reduction of the data by PCA to score values shows the power of NIR as a tool to determine not only when samples are representative of a certain batch, but also which batches are stable enough to include in a further study. Studying process dynamics To take this experiment a step further 1 of the 81 samples were sent to the laboratory for further analyses. The samples were chosen on the criteria that they covered the spectral variation in the dataset. These samples were analysed for 4 chemical components and 5 physical attributes, which are essential for describing the quality of the product. The latent structure of the 7 samples, using the chemical and physical variables, is totally comparable to the latent structure of the NIR spectra. This outcome makes it possible to describe the dynamics of one day's production both chemically and physically with relatively little resources. Additionally it raises the question as to whether reference values are needed, as the latent structure of the NIR-spectra appears to be sufficient in providing information on the quality of the product. To be able to use NIR in this way would require defining quality limits in the principal component space as opposed to each of the reference values. The potential of NIR applied in an explorative fashion with batch processes opens a whole new gateway for the use of this technology. This study explains yet again after so many years in the field “why I'm crazy about NIR!”.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to shed further light on the effect of modifiable health behavior risk factors on dependence in activities of daily living, defined in a multidimensional fashion. Methods: The study participants were 10,278 middle aged Americans in a longitudinal health study, the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS). A multi-stage probability sampling design incorporating the effect of population sizes (Metropolitan and non-metropolitan), ethnicity (the non- Hispanic White, the Hispanic, and the Black), and age (age 51-61) was utilized. Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were measured using five activities necessary for survival (impairment in dressing, eating, bathing, sleeping, and moving across indoor spaces). Explanatory variables were four health behavior risk factors included smoking, exercise, Body Mass Index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Results: Most participants at baseline were ADL independent (1992). 97.8% of participants were independent in all ADL's at baseline and 78.2% were married. Approximately 27.5% were current smokers at baseline, and the subjects reported moderate or heavy exercise were 74.8%. All demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors were significantly associated with the ADL status at Wave 4 except alcohol consumption. Risk behaviors such as current smoking, sedentary life style and high BMI at Wave 1 were associated with ADL status deterioration; however, moderate alcohol consumption tended to be more related to better ADL status than abstaining at Wave 4. ADL status at Wave 1 was the strongest factor and the next was exercise and smoking affecting ADL status at Wave 4. People who were in ADL dependent at Wave 1 were 15.17 times more likely to be ADL dependent at Wave 4 than people who were in ADL independent at Wave 1. Concerning smoking cigarettes, people who kept only light exercise or sedentary life style at Wave 1 were 1.70 times more likely to be died at Wave 4 than the people who did not smoke at Wave 1. Conclusions: All demographics and health behaviors at wave 1 had consistently similar OR trends for ADL status to each other except alcohol consumption. Smoking and exercise in health behaviors, and age and gender in demographics at Wave 1 were significant factors associated with ADL group separation at Wave 4.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.7 s.155
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• pp.1025-1033
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• 2006

Kenaf bast can be obtained by decortication of Kenaf stem. Kenaf fibers are much more rough than cotton fiber because they include impurities as pectin, lignin and hemicellulose besides cellulose. The purpose of this research is to investigate the distribution of kenaf fiber length and diameter during the processes of removing impurities. To remove pectin, kenaf bast was retted chemically. A half of the retted kenaf fiber bundle were scoured and bleached. The other half one were treated with $NaClO_2$ solution to remove lignin, and were treated with sodium hydroxide solution to remove hemicellulose. Four kinds of specimens that were obtained for investigating physical characteristics. Length and diameter of 100 fibers on each specimen was measured. The tensile strength of 100 fiber bundles were measured. And also the color values of them were measured with spectrocolorimeter. The length of retted kenaf fiber was 16.97cm. Then it decreased to 11.43cm after bleaching. Kenaf fiber bundles could be finer by chemical processes that remove non-cellulosic materials. The thickness of retted fiber was $132{\mu}m$. And after undergoing the chemical processes to remove non-cellulosic materials, the thickness of kenaf fiber became finer as $73{\mu}m$. Tensile strength of the retted kenaf fiber bundles was 11.37Mpa. The retted kenaf fiber lost their strength as 22.6% by bleaching and as 18.3% by treatment for removing lignin. The retted kenaf fiber showed low whiteness as 56.48 of L*value. After bleaching, the kenaf fibers have creamy white color and their whiteness got 90.02 of L*value. After the treatment for removing hemicellulose, the kenaf fibers also have creamy white color and their whiteness got L* value of 79.02.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.2 s.81
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• pp.31-39
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• 2005

This study was conducted to remove the dyes in dye wastewater by the chemical precipitation or biological treatment which are one of the main pollutants in dye wastewater. In order to remove the disperse dyes effectively in aqueous solution by chemical precipitation process, coagulation and flocculation tests were carried out using several coagulants on various reaction conditions. It was found that the Ferrous sulfate was the most effective coagulant for the removal of disperse dye(DB79), and we could get the best result for the removal of disperse dye(DB56) in the aspects of TOC removal efficiency and sludge yield. When the Ferrous sulfate dosage was 800mg/l, the sludge settling velocity was very fast$(SV_{30}=4\%)$, and the color was effectively removed in the disperse dye(DB79) solution. Although the color removal was ineffective when the Alum was used as a coagulant, the sludge yield decreased in comparison with the Ferrous sulfate or the Ferric sulfate being used in the disperse dye(DB56) solution. In order to decolorize disperse dye(DR17) by using biological treatment process, a strain which has potential ability to degrade disperse dyes was isolated from natural system. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and pH were found to be $40^{\circ}C\;and\;8.5\~9$, respectively. When yeast extract was mixed with polypeptone at the mixing ratio of 1:1 as a nitrogen source, decolorization efficiency was highest$(93\%)$ among the nitrogen sources. The strain screened was excellent to adjust to pH, and it seems to have ability to control pH needed to growth. The optimal culture conditions in concentration of $MgSO_{4.}\cdot7H_2O\;and\;KH_2PO_4$ were $0.1\%(w/v)\;and\;0.2\%(w/v)$, respectively. Strains degrading and decolorizing reactive dyes, RB198 and RR141 which were isolated from water system, are named RBK1 and RRK. And the cell growth characteristics of RBK1 and RRK were investigated. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and pH were found to be 30t' and 7.0, respectively. Optimum nitrogen source was peptone, and it was found that decolorization efficiencies by strains RBK1 and RRK, were $85\%\;and\;62\%$, respectively, with introduction of 4,000mg/l of peptone. In the case of RBK1, color removal efficiencies were very high below 400mg/l. Decolorization efficiency was over $90\%$ at 20hours of culture time. The Color degradation ability of RRK was lower than that of RBK1.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2012

3종 복합소재인 양모와 나일론, 레이온의 염색공정은 먼저 알칼리 욕에서 반응성염료로 레이온을 염색한 후, 산성욕에서 산성염료로 양모와 나일론을 염색하는 것이 일반적이다. 그런데 양모, 나일론, 레이온은 알칼리에 민감하므로 면 염색 시 적용되는 강알칼리인 수산화나트륨을 사용하면 섬유의 취화로 인하여 강도와 촉감저하 등의 문제가 발생하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 알칼리 중 탄산나트륨과 중탄산나트륨을 사용하여 염료를 투입하지 않고 염색공정을 거친 후 백도와 인장강도를 측정하여 황변 및 강도 변화 여부를 알아보았다. 레이온 70%, 양모 19%, 나일론 11%의 혼용율을 가지는 전처리 된 편물(130$g/m^2$, 32 inch, 18 gauge)에 탄산나트륨(시약 1급) 20g/l과 중탄산나트륨(시약 1급) 20g/l 각각을 투입하고 반응성염색공정($60^{\circ}C$, 60 min)으로 처리한 경우와 반응성 염색 후 산성염색공정($98^{\circ}C$, 60 min)으로 처리한 경우로 나누어 측색을 통해 백도와 L, a, b값을 측정하고 KS K 0521에 따라 인장강도 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 탄산나트륨 투입시 백도 값이 중탄산나트륨에 비해 10% 정도 낮아지고 L, a, b값도 상대적으로 yellow 방향으로 이동해 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 황변이 일어남을 의미하며 육안으로 확인하였다. 또한 인장강도 측정결과를 통해 소다회 처리 시 중조에 비해 30% 정도의 강도 저하가 일어남을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 반응성염색 후 산성염색을 거치게 되면 황변과 강도 저하 현상이 회복되는 경향을 나타내었다. 즉, 천연/나일론 편물을 반응성염색 시 알칼리로 탄산나트륨을 사용하면 염색공정 상에서 중탄산나트륨에 비해 황변이 일어나 염료 고유의 색상 발현에 영향을 줄 수 있고 강도 또한 30% 정도 저하되지만, 후에 산성염색 공정을 거치면 산 조건과 욕중 효과를 통해 일부 개선됨을 확인하였다. 이와 별도로 이번에는 시판되는 반응성염료 5종과 산성염료 3종을 조합하여 탄산나트륨과 중탄산나트륨 투입에 따른 염색실험을 실시하고 측색(DataColor SF600 광원D65, Strength)을 통해 염착량을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 중탄산나트륨으로 염색하면 탄산나트륨에 비해 모두 염착량이 저하되었으며, 염료의 구조적 차이와 컬러별로도 그 차이는 다양하였다. 그 중 저온에너지형 반응성염료는 탄산나트륨 투입에 비해 47~60% 정도로 가장 양호하였으며, 일부 반응성염료는 20%까지 떨어지는 값을 나타내었다. 이것은 탄산나트륨보다 중탄산나트륨의 알칼리 정도가 낮으므로 반응성염료의 염착이 적은 것으로 생각되며, 저에너지형 반응성염료의 경우에는 낮은 온도나 알칼리 조건에서도 상대적으로 높은 고착률을 나타내므로 적절한 반응성염료의 선택을 통해 그 차이를 극복할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과를 통해 탄산나트륨과 중탄산트륨의 알칼리 정도가 강도와 염착량에 미치는 영향의 차이를 고려하여 최적의 현장 처방을 선정해야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.186-199
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• 2016

The shoe last which is the framework for the shoemaking is intensively combined with the 3D data and technologies. International shoe companies have already commercialized 3D printing technology in producing the shoe, but domestic shoe companies are still in their early stages. This study used the 3D scanning, 3D modeling and 3D printing of the high-technology to make the shoe last. This 3D producing processes should be helpful in building competitiveness in domestic shoe industry. The 3D foot scanning data of men in 30s(n=200) were collected in SizeKorea(2010). The basic statistics, factor and cluster analysis were performed. They were categorized in 3 groups by 3D foot measurement data, and the standard models were selected in each group. The cross sections in XY, YZ and XZ planes sliced from 3D scan data of the standard model were used in the sketches of the 3D shoe last modeling. The 3D shoe last was modeled by Solidworks CAD and printed by MakerBot Replicator2; a desktop 3D printer. This research showed the potential for utilization of 3D printing technology in the domestic shoe industry. The 3D producing process; 3D scanning, 3D modeling and 3D printing is expected to utilized widely in the fashion industry within the nearest future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.303-317
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• 2020

As the penetration rate of smart phones has spread and functions have been developed variously, a new advertising medium called mobile advertising has emerged. In addition, various mobile advertisements targeting teenagers, where most of their daily lives are conducted using smartphones, have been activated. Adolescents in the modern society called Generation Z have the longest time to use a smartphone among age groups. Even during the economic downturn, adolescent consumers are an important consumer group that can overcome the economic recession, so mobile advertisements targeting their purchasing power are being created like a flood. Therefore, in this study, the influence of mobile advertisement characteristics and personal characteristics on purchasing attitudes for adolescents using smartphones was identified, and how this was linked to purchasing behavior again. To conduct the research, a survey was conducted on 324 high school students using smartphones, and the results are as follows: First, the higher the recognition of convenience in mobile advertising characteristics and brand preferences, the higher the brand preference. Characteristics and brand trust had a positive effect on acceptance as the awareness of convenience, information, and entertainment increased. Third, the influence of adolescents' personal characteristics on purchasing attitudes had a positive effect on brand preferences by pursuit of fashion, pursuit of personality, and practical pursuit. Fourth, as a result of analyzing the relationship between purchase attitude and purchase behavior, it was verified that brand preference and brand trust among purchase attitude have a positive influence on purchase behavior. This study has significance in that it has grasped the influence of mobile advertising on purchasing behavior among teenagers who are rapidly growing as mobile consumers.