• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권6_1호
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• pp.959-971
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• 2019

대표적인 딥러닝(deep learning) 기법 중 하나인 Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)은 고수준의 공간-분광 특징을 추출할 수 있어 초분광 영상 분류(Hyperspectral Image Classification)에 적용하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 초분광 영상은 높은 분광 차원이 학습 과정의 시간과 복잡도를 증가시킨다는 문제가 있어 이를 해결하기 위해 기존 딥러닝 기반 초분광 영상 분류 연구들에서는 차원축소의 목적으로 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)를 적용한 바 있다. PCA는 데이터를 독립적인 주성분의 축으로 변환시킬 수 있어 분광 차원을 효율적으로 압축할 수 있으나, 분광 정보의 손실을 초래할 수 있다. PCA의 사용 유무가 CNN 학습의 정확도와 시간에 영향을 미치는 것은 분명하지만 이를 분석한 연구가 부족하다. 본 연구의 목적은 PCA를 통한 분광 차원축소가 CNN에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하여 효율적인 초분광 영상 분류를 위한 적절한 PCA의 적용 방법을 제안하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해 PCA를 적용하여 초분광 영상을 축소시켰으며, 축소된 차원의 크기를 바꿔가며 CNN 모델에 적용하였다. 또한, 모델 내의 컨볼루션(convolution) 연산 방식에 따른 PCA의 민감도를 분석하기 위해 2D-CNN과 3D-CNN을 적용하여 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과는 분류정확도, 학습시간, 분산 비율, 학습 과정을 통해 분석되었다. 축소된 차원의 크기가 분산 비율이 99.7~8%인 주성분 개수일 때 가장 효율적이었으며, 3차원 커널 경우 2D-CNN과는 다르게 원 영상의 분류정확도가 PCA-CNN보다 더 높았으며, 이를 통해 PCA의 차원축소 효과가 3차원 커널에서 상대적으로 적은 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.468-488
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• 2016

The paper proposes a novel framework for 3D face verification using dimensionality reduction based on highly distinctive local features in the presence of illumination and expression variations. The histograms of efficient local descriptors are used to represent distinctively the facial images. For this purpose, different local descriptors are evaluated, Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Three-Patch Local Binary Patterns (TPLBP), Four-Patch Local Binary Patterns (FPLBP), Binarized Statistical Image Features (BSIF) and Local Phase Quantization (LPQ). Furthermore, experiments on the combinations of the four local descriptors at feature level using simply histograms concatenation are provided. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated with different dimensionality reduction algorithms: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Locality Preserving Projection (OLPP) and the combined PCA+EFM (Enhanced Fisher linear discriminate Model). Finally, multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier to carry out the verification between imposters and customers. The proposed method has been tested on CASIA-3D face database and the experimental results show that our method achieves a high verification performance.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1257-1264
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• 2011

Delirium is a neuropsychiatric disorder accompanying symptoms of hallucination, drowsiness, and tremors. It has high occurrence rates among elders, heart disease patients, and burn patients. It is a medical emergency associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. That s why early detection and prevention of delirium ar significantly important. And This mental illness like delirium occurred by complex interaction between risk factors. In this paper, we identify risk factors and interactions between these factors for delirium using multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.3884-3910
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• 2016

Intrusion Detection System (IDS) in general considers a big amount of data that are highly redundant and irrelevant. This trait causes slow instruction, assessment procedures, high resource consumption and poor detection rate. Due to their expensive computational requirements during both training and detection, IDSs are mostly ineffective for real-time anomaly detection. This paper proposes a dimensionality reduction technique that is able to enhance the performance of IDSs up to constant time O(1) based on the Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the present study offers a feature selection approach for identifying major components in real time. The PCA algorithm transforms high-dimensional feature vectors into a low-dimensional feature space, which is used to determine the optimum volume of factors. The proposed approach was assessed using HTTP packet payload of ISCX 2012 IDS and DARPA 1999 dataset. The experimental outcome demonstrated that our proposed anomaly detection achieved promising results with 97% detection rate with 1.2% false positive rate for ISCX 2012 dataset and 100% detection rate with 0.06% false positive rate for DARPA 1999 dataset. Our proposed anomaly detection also achieved comparable performance in terms of computational complexity when compared to three state-of-the-art anomaly detection systems.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2016

Although a large number of genetic variants have been identified to be associated with common diseases through genome-wide association studies, there still exits limitations in explaining the missing heritability. One approach to solving this missing heritability problem is to investigate gene-gene interactions, rather than a single-locus approach. For gene-gene interaction analysis, the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method has been widely applied, since the constructive induction algorithm of MDR efficiently reduces high-order dimensions into one dimension by classifying multi-level genotypes into high- and low-risk groups. The MDR method has been extended to various phenotypes and has been improved to provide a significance test for gene-gene interactions. In this paper, we propose a simple method, called accelerated failure time (AFT) UM-MDR, in which the idea of a unified model-based MDR is extended to the survival phenotype by incorporating AFT-MDR into the classification step. The proposed AFT UM-MDR method is compared with AFT-MDR through simulation studies, and a short discussion is given.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1020-1033
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• 2021

Nowadays, online or mobile social network services (SNS) are very popular and widely spread in our society and daily lives to instantly share, disseminate, and search information. In particular, SNS such as YouTube, Flickr, Facebook, and Amazon allow users to upload billions of images or videos and also provide a number of multimedia information to users. Information retrieval in multimedia-rich SNS is very useful but challenging task. Content-based media retrieval (CBMR) is the process of obtaining the relevant image or video objects for a given query from a collection of information sources. However, CBMR suffers from the dimensionality curse due to inherent high dimensionality features of media data. This paper investigates the effectiveness of the kernel trick in CBMR, specifically, the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) for dimensionality reduction. KPCA is a nonlinear extension of linear principal component analysis (LPCA) to discovering nonlinear embeddings using the kernel trick. The fundamental idea of KPCA is mapping the input data into a highdimensional feature space through a nonlinear kernel function and then computing the principal components on that mapped space. This paper investigates the potential of KPCA in CBMR for feature extraction or dimensionality reduction. Using the Gaussian kernel in our experiments, we compute the principal components of an image dataset in the transformed space and then we use them as new feature dimensions for the image dataset. Moreover, KPCA can be applied to other many domains including CBMR, where LPCA has been used to extract features and where the nonlinear extension would be effective. Our results from extensive experiments demonstrate that the potential of KPCA is very encouraging compared with LPCA in CBMR.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2023

점점 더 고도화되고 있는 랜섬웨어 공격을 기계학습 기반 모델로 탐지하기 위해서는, 분류 모델이 고차원의 특성을 가지는 학습데이터를 훈련해야 한다. 그리고 이 경우 '차원의 저주' 현상이 발생하기 쉽다. 따라서 차원의 저주 현상을 회피하면서 학습모델의 정확성을 높이고 실행 속도를 향상하기 위해 특성의 차원 축소가 반드시 선행되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 특성의 차원이 극단적으로 다른 2종의 데이터세트를 대상으로 3종의 기계학습 모델과 2종의 특성 추출기법을 적용하여 랜섬웨어 분류를 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 이진 분류에서는 특성 차원 축소기법이 성능 향상에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 다중 분류에서도 데이터세트의 특성 차원이 작을 경우에는 동일하였다. 그러나 학습데이터가 고차원의 특성을 가지는 상황에서 다중 분류를 시도했을 경우 LDA(Linear Discriminant Analysis)가 우수한 성능을 나타냈다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2013

In biomass gasification, efficiency of energy quantification is a difficult part without finishing the process. In this article, a radial basis function neural network (RBFN) is proposed to predict biomass efficiency before gasification. RBFN will be compared with a principal component regression (PCR) and a multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPN). Due to the high dimensionality of data, principal component transform is first used in PCR and afterwards, ordinary regression is applied to selected principal components for modeling. Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPN) is also used without any preprocessing. For this research, 3 wood samples and 3 other feedstock are used and they are near infrared (NIR) spectrum data with high-dimensionality. Ash and char are used as response variables. The comparison results of two responses will be shown.

• 한국통계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통계학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

An identification and characterization of susceptibility genes for common complex multifactorial diseases is a challengeable task, in which the effect of single genetic variation will be likely dependent on other genetic variations(gene-gene interaction) and environmental factors (gene-environment interaction). To address is issue, the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) has been proposed and implemented by Ritchie et al. (2001), Moore et al. (2002), Hahn et al.(2003) and Ritchie et al. (2003). With MDR, multilocus genotypes effectively reduce the dimension of genotype predictors from n to one, which improves the identification of polymorphism combinations associated with disease risk. However, MDR cannot handle missing observations appropriately, in which missing observation is treated as an additional genotype category. This approach may suffer from a sparseness problem since when high-order interactions are considered, an additional missing category would make the contingency table cells more sparse. We propose a new MDR approach with minimum loss of sample sizes by considering missing data over all possible multifactor classes. We evaluate the proposed MDR by using the prediction errors and cross validation consistency.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.27-49
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• 2006

본 연구는 구조적 차원성 탐색을 통한 최성재의 '노인 생활 만족도 척도'의 재검증을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 충주지역에 거주하는 65세 이상 노인 275명의 자료가 분석되었다. 연구 결과 '노인 생활 만족도 척도'는 세 개의 이론적 구인으로 구성된 다차원 구조를 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. 규명된 구인은 '긍정적 정서와 주관적 만족감', '부정적 자아상과 부정적 정서', 그리고 '자기 가치'로 명명되었다. 세 구인 모두 높은 신뢰도를 보였으며 '내적 구조에 근거한 타당도' 또한 모두 높은 것으로 분석되었다. '긍정적 정서와 주관적 만족감' 그리고 '부정적 자아상과 부정적 정서'는 수렴 타당도와 판별 타당도가 모두 높은 것으로 나타났다. '자기 가치'는 높은 수렴 타당도를 보인 반면 판별 타당도는 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 '노인 생활 만족도 척도'를 단일 차원 구조로 제시한 개발자의 견해와 달리 '노인생활 만족도 척도'의 다차원 구조를 검증함으로써 다수의 선행 연구 결과를 지지한다. 끝으로 '노인 생활 만족도 척도'의 구조적 차원성이 개발자의 연구와 본 연구에서 상이하게 나타난 원인이 논의되었다.