• 제목/요약/키워드: high cholesterol diet

검색결과 1,456건 처리시간 0.029초

Cardiovascular Health Metrics and All-cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Middle-aged Men in Korea: The Seoul Male Cohort Study

  • Kim, Ji Young;Ko, Young-Jin;Rhee, Chul Woo;Park, Byung-Joo;Kim, Dong-Hyun;Bae, Jong-Myon;Shin, Myung-Hee;Lee, Moo-Song;Li, Zhong Min;Ahn, Yoon-Ok
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제46권6호
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    • pp.319-328
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: This study estimated the association of cardiovascular health behaviors with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in middle-aged men in Korea. Methods: In total, 12 538 men aged 40 to 59 years were enrolled in 1993 and followed up through 2011. Cardiovascular health metrics defined the following lifestyle behaviors proposed by the American Heart Association: smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet habit score, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. The cardiovascular health metrics score was calculated as a single categorical variable, by assigning 1 point to each ideal healthy behavior. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio of cardiovascular health behavior. Population attributable risks (PARs) were calculated from the significant cardiovascular health metrics. Results: There were 1054 total and 171 CVD deaths over 230 690 person-years of follow-up. The prevalence of meeting all 7 cardiovascular health metrics was 0.67%. Current smoking, elevated blood pressure, and high fasting blood glucose were significantly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality. The adjusted PARs for the 3 significant metrics combined were 35.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.7 to 47.4) and 52.8% (95% CI, 22.0 to 74.0) for all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios of the groups with a 6-7 vs. 0-2 cardiovascular health metrics score were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.59) for all-cause mortality and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.29) for CVD mortality. Conclusions: Among cardiovascular health behaviors, not smoking, normal blood pressure, and recommended fasting blood glucose levels were associated with reduced risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Meeting a greater number of cardiovascular health metrics was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality.

와송이 고지방 식이로 유도된 비만 쥐의 간내 지질 및 항산화 대사에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Water Extract from Orostachys japonicus on Lipid and Antioxidant Metabolism in the Liver of Obese Mice)

  • 이형선;김수환
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.515-521
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 고지방 식이로 유발된 비만 모델의 지질 및 항산화 관련 효소의 대사에 대하여 와송 열수 추출물의 섭취를 통한 효과를 확인하였다. 정상군을 제외하고 나머지 군은 8주 동안 고지방식이를 공급하여 비만 상태로 유도하였으며, 9주에서 14주까지 고지방식이에 와송 열수 추출물이 2.5%, 5% 첨가된 식이를 자유 급식하였다. 그 결과, 고지방 식이군 대비 와송 추출물 섭취군에서 간과 폐의 무게가 감소되었으며, H&E 염색상에서도 lipid droplet이 현저하게 감소되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한, 간조직내의 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방과 같은 지질 함량이 유의성 있게 줄어들었다. 와송 추출물의 항산화제로서의 능력을 확인한 결과 DPPH 라디컬 소거능의 활성을 증가하였고, ROS 형성량은 탁월하게 감소되었다. 산화스트레스를 감소시키는 SOD와 CAT와 같은 항산화 효소의 활성이 와송 추출물의 고농도 섭취군에서 정상군에 근접하게 회복되었다. 결론적으로 와송 추출물의 섭취는 간내 지질대사를 조절하고 항산화 효소를 활성화시켜 비만 치료를 위한 생리활성물질로 유용하게 활용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

황정 에탄올 추출물의 비만 조절 유전자에 대한 효과 (Effects of ethanol extract of Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome on obesity-related genes)

  • 전우진;이도섭;손서연;서윤지;연승우;강재훈
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.384-391
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    • 2016
  • 선행연구(12,13)에 따르면 10주간 ID1216을 투여한 비만 마우스에서 체중과 체지방이 감소하였고 이는 SIRT1-$PGC1{\alpha}$의 발현을 조절하여 나타나는 것으로 확인하였다. 본 연구는 $SIRT1-PGC1{\alpha}-PPAR{\alpha}$의 하위 기전인 UCPs, ACO, aP2의 발현 조절에 ID1216이 영향을 미쳐 그 효과를 나타내는 것을 추가로 확인한 것에 의미가 있다. 또한 10주간 ID1216을 투여한 비만 마우스의 혈액 분석 결과에서도 혈중 중성지방, LDL, HDL total cholesterol등의 혈중 지방질 수치가 개선됨과 동시에 free fatty acid의 농도는 감소하였는데 이는 ID1216이 HSL과 같은 지방질분해효소의 활성을 조절하여 중성지방의 분해과정에 관여하기는 하나 에너지 대사와 지방산 산화 과정에도 복합적으로 관여하여 최종적으로 나타내는 비만 대사 조절 효과에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 ID1216은 $SIRT1-PGC1{\alpha}-PPAR{\alpha}$ pathway를 촉진시켜 세포와 조직 수준에서 열발생(thermogenesis)에 관여하는 유전자인 UCP1, UCP2, UCP3의 발현을 증가시켰고 ${\beta}$-oxidation에 관여하는 유전자인 ACO와 aP2의 발현도 증가시켰으며 또한 지방분해(lypolysis)에 관여하는 유전자인 ATGL과 HSL의 발현을 증가시키는 분자생물학적 기전을 나타내어 체지방 감소 효과를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다.

n-6/n-3 지방산 비율이 비만 랫드의 지질대사에 미치는 영향 (Effect of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio on lipid metabolism in obesity model rats)

  • 신종서;엄경환;박병성
    • 한국응용과학기술학회지
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.654-666
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 비만 모델동물 랫드에서 식이 내 오메가 6와 3 지방산 비율(n-6/n-3 0, 4:1, 15:1, 30:1)이 지질대사의 생화학적 메카니즘을 구명하였다. 혈액 중성지방은 대조군과 비교할 때 n-6/n-3 비율 4:1, 15;1, 30:1 처리군에서 22.21%, 총콜레스테롤 20.60%, LDL-C 52.96%, 혈당 15.71%, ALT 11.97%, AST 9.13%, 인슐린 37.57%, 렙틴 45.98% 낮아졌으나, HDL-C 28.38%, 인지질 80.39% 증가하였고, 특히 4:1 처리군에서 가장 큰 효과가 나타났다. 간 조직에서 SREPB-$1{\alpha}$, SREPB-2 mRNA는 대조군과 비교할 때 n-6/n-3 비율 처리군에서 하향조절 하였으나 PPARs 그리고 지방조직의 LPL-mRNA는 상향조절 하였다. 간 조직에서 지방세포의 크기는 n-6/n-3 비율 30:1, 대조군, 15:1, 4:1 순서로 낮아졌고, 지방조직에서 지방세포의 크기는 대조군, 30:1, 15:1, 4:1 순서로 낮았다. 결과는 비만 모델동물 랫드에서 오메가 6와 오메가 3 지방산 비율, 특히 4:1을 함유하는 식이를 급여하면 혈액 유해 지질, 간 기능 효소, 렙틴, 인슐린, 간과 지방조직의 유전자 발현 조절을 통하여 건강을 유지할 수 있다는 새로운 사실을 발견하였다.

흑미 호분층 추출물의 급여가 난소절제 흰쥐의 체내 지방, 혈중 지질 및 관련 호르몬 수준에 미치는 영향 (Supplementary Effects of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Aleurone Layer Extract on Body Fat, Serum Lipid, and Serum Hormone Levels in Ovariectomized Rats)

  • 최봉겸;남송이;이영민;김정봉;최정숙;이해정;이성준;이성현
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제15권9호
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    • pp.599-605
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 흑미(Oryza sativa L.) 호분층 추출물이 난소절제 흰쥐의 체내 지질 및 관련 호르몬 수준에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 흰쥐를 Sham군(S), 난소절제 control군(OVX), 난소절제 이소플라본 10 mg/kg 투여군(IF), 난소절제 흑미 30 및 90mg/kg 투여군(BRE-30, BRE-90)으로 나누어 12주 동안 고지방식이(45% calories from fat)를 급여하였을 때, 체중 증가량, 체지방무게 및 비만지수는 OVX군에서 증가하였으나, 이소플라본 및 BRE 투여에 의해 유의하게 감소되었다. 혈중 중성지방은 BRE-90군이 OVX군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았고, 혈청 adiponectin 수준은 BRE군에서 OVX군에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였으며, leptin 수준은 대조군인 OVX군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였다. 간 중 총지질과 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤은 유의적이지는 않았으나 BRE 투여군에서 OVX군보다 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서, 흑미 호분층은 난소절제 흰쥐에서 지질 대사를 조절함으로써 비만 및 여성의 폐경기 관련 질병을 예방하는 식품이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

산간지(山間地) 농촌주민(農村住民)의 영양실태조사(營養實態調査) (Nutrition Survey in a Korean Mountainous Farming Area)

  • 함정례;김영수;이기열;김영후
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 1973
  • The main character of the Korean diet has been found to be low in protein both quantity and quality and high in carbohydrate. The purpose of this survey was to study the amount of salt intake related to the dietary pattern in Korea. The nutrition survey was conducted in a mountainous farming area located in Auhchun-ri, Gaebuk-myon, Changsoo-gun, Chunbuk Province, February 14-19 in 1973 (7 days). The precise weighing method was used in evaluating the kinds of foods and nutrients intake for 24 households during a three day period. The physical examinations were performed by a doctor on 120 persons and a detailed biochemical test on both blood and urine was made on 42 persons over 40 years old. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) Average nutrients intake of an adult per day: calorie intake was 2,446 Cal and its components-protein(61.1g) was 10 percent, fat(12.9g) was 5 percent and carbohydrate(521g) contributed 85 percent of the total calories. Other nutrients-calcium (443mg), thiamine(1.09mg), riboflavin (0.90mg), niacin (14.4mg) and vitamin C (63.2mg) were lower than the recommended daily allowance but vitamin A(2,083 I.U.), iron(11mg) and phosphorous(998mg) were slightly higher than that. (2) To evaluate the nutritional deficiences, clinical examinations were conducted. Angular stomatitis was present in 16.7 percent of those examiners. No edema was found. The rate of osteoarthritis, hepatomegaly diseases appeared in 20 percent of the total subjects and the symptoms appeared highest among those Iron 50 to 59 years old. (3) The following chemical components of blood serum were analyzed and found to be within the normal range: glucose, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, total cholesterol, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and lecithine dehydrase. One case of each of the following were found: hyperglycemia, hypocholesterolemia, renal problem, hypoproteinaemia and diabetes mellitus, and two persons were classified as showing hypoglycemia and hyponaturemia. (4) The sodium content in urine was 199.6 mEq/L, potassium content was 24.6 mEq/L. The sugar, pH and specific gravity in the urine was shown to be normal.

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Streptozotocin으로 유도된 당뇨 마우스에서 L-carnosine의 혈당강하 효과 (Anti-glycemic effect of L-carnosine in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice)

  • 허진주;김종수;김준형;남상윤;윤영원;정재황;이범준
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제50권2호
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2010
  • Carnosine is a dipeptide $(\beta-alanyl-L-histidine)$ found in mammalian brain, eye, olfactory bulb and skeletal muscle at high concentrations. Its biological functions include antioxidant and anti-glycation activities. The objectives of this study were to investigate anti-diabetic effects of carnosine as determined by blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance test (GTT), glycosylated hemoglobin, and serum biochemical and lipid levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. There were five experimental groups including normal (ICR mice), control (saline), and three groups of carnosine at doses of 6, 30, and 150 mg/kg b.w.. Carnosine was orally administered to the diabetic mice everyday for 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in body weight changes in carnosine-treated groups compared to the control. The treatments of carnosine at the dose of 6 mg/kg significantly decreased the blood glucose level compared with the control at 2 and 4 weeks. The treatments of carnosine at the doses of 6 and 30 mg/kg significantly decreased the blood glucose levels in GTT and glycosylated hemoglobin compared with the control. Carnosine significantly increased total proteins compared with the control. Carnosine at the dose of 6 mg/kg significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride in the serum compared to the control. These results suggest that carnosine at a low level has a hypoglycermic effect resulting from reduction of blood glucose and that a carnosine-containing diet or drug may give a benefit for controlling diabetes mellitus in humans.

Kimchi attenuates fatty streak formation in the aorta of low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis

  • Woo, Minji;Kim, Mijeong;Noh, Jeong Sook;Park, Chan Hum;Song, Yeong Ok
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제11권6호
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    • pp.445-451
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    • 2017
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is positively associated with atherosclerosis via elevating macrophage cell death and plaque formation, in which oxidative stress plays a pivotal role. Antioxidative, lipid-lowering, and anti-atherogenic effects of kimchi, a Korean fermented vegetable, have been established, wherein capsaicin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid, and lactic acids were identified. In this study, mechanisms of action of kimchi methanol extracts (KME) on fatty streak formation via suppression of ER stress and apoptosis in aorta were examined in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice fed a high cholesterol diet with an oral administration of KME (KME group, $200 mg{\cdot}kg-bw^{-1}{\cdot}day^{-1}$) or distilled water (control group) for 8 weeks (n = 20 for group). Plasma lipid and oxidative stress levels were evaluated. Protein expression was measured by western blot assay. Fatty streak lesion size and the degree of apoptosis were examined in the aorta. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, in the KME group, plasma lipids levels were decreased and oxidative stress was alleviated (P < 0.05). Protein expression levels of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2-mediated antioxidants in aorta were increased whereas those for ER stress markers, glucose regulated protein 78, phospho-protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 subunit ${\alpha}$, X-box binding protein 1, and C/EBP homologous protein were decreased in the KME group (P < 0.05). Moreover, apoptosis was suppressed via downregulation of phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, bcl-2-associated X protein, caspases-9, and -3 with a concomitant upregulation of anti-apoptotic protein, B-cell lymphoma 2 (P < 0.05). Fatty streak lesion size was reduced and the degree of apoptosis was less severe in the KME group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, antioxidant activity of KME might prevent fatty streak formation through, in part, inhibition of ER stress and apoptosis in aortic sinus where macrophages are harbored.

Effect of increasing levels of apparent metabolizable energy on laying hens in barn system

  • Kang, Hwan Ku;Park, Seong Bok;Jeon, Jin Joo;Kim, Hyun Soo;Park, Ki Tae;Kim, Sang Ho;Hong, Eui Chul;Kim, Chan Ho
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제31권11호
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    • pp.1766-1772
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    • 2018
  • Objective: This experiment was to investigate the effect of increasing levels of apparent metabolizable energy ($AME_n$) on the laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in diets fed to laying hens. Methods: A total of three-hundred twenty 33-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens (Gallus domesticus) were evenly assigned to four experimental diets of 2,750, 2,850, 2,950, and 3,050 kcal $AME_n/kg$ in pens with floors covered with deep litter of rice hulls. There were four replicates of each treatment, each consisting of 20 birds in a pen. Results: $AME_n$ intake was increased (linear, p<0.05) with inclusion level of $AME_n$ in diets increased. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved (linear, p<0.01), but hen-day egg production tended to be increased with an increasing level of $AME_n$ in diets. During the experiment, leukocyte concentration and blood biochemistry (total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, total protein, calcium, asparate aminotransferase, and alanine transferase were not influenced by increasing level of $AME_n$ in diets. Gross energy and ether extract were increased (linear, p<0.01) as the inclusion level of $AME_n$ in diets increased. Conclusion: Laying hens fed high $AME_n$ diet (i.e., 3,050 kcal/kg in the current experiment) tended to overconsume energy with a positive effect on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology but not on egg production and egg mass.

빅 데이터 분석을 활용한 대사증후군 위험요인에 관한 메타분석 (A Meta-analysis of Influencing Mediator Athletics on the Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors Utilized Big Data Analysis)

  • 유옥경;차연수;진찬용;김도관;남수태
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제19권11호
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    • pp.2590-2596
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    • 2015
  • 메타분석은 여러 실증연구의 정량적인 결과를 통합과 분석을 통해 전체 결과를 조망할 기회를 제공하는 통계적 통합 방법이다. 우리나라 학술지에 게재된 대사증후군 위험요인에 관한 연구들을 계량적으로 통합하고 검토해보기 위해 진행하였다. 본 연구는 대사증후군에 대한 문헌적 고찰을 통해 선행연구를 살펴보고 열거된 요인에 관한 실증 분석된 연구들을 메타분석 하기 위해 2000년-2015년 국내 학술지에 게재된 36편 논문을 연구대상으로 하였다. 메타분석 결과 허리둘레 사전 사후 경로에서 가장 큰 효과 크기(r = .420)인 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째 큰 효과 크기는 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤 사전 사후 경로(r = -.402)인 것으로 나타났다. 그런데 이완기 혈압 사전 사후 경로가 가장 작은효과 크기(r = .234)인 값을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 연구결과를 바탕으로 학문적 실무적 의의를 논의하였다.