• 한국음향학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 골절 위험도가 높은 대퇴골에서 음속 및 광대역 초음파 감쇠와 같은 음향특성과 골밀도 사이의 상관관계를 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위해 0.5 및 1.0 MHz의 중심주파수를 갖는 두 쌍의 초음파 트랜스듀서와 함께 투과법을 이용하여 생체 외 조건에서 15개의 소 대퇴골 해면질골 샘플의 음속 및 광대역 초음파 감쇠를 측정하였다. 또한 마이크로 컴퓨터 단층촬영법을 이용하여 해면질골 샘플의 단위체적당 골밀도를 측정하였다. 골밀도는 0.5 및 1.0 MHz 초음파 트랜스듀서를 이용하여 측정된 음속 및 광대역 초음파 감쇠와 모두 강한 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 골밀도와 0.5 MHz 초음파 트랜스듀서를 이용하여 측정된 광대역 초음파 감쇠 사이에 가장 높은 상관관계가 존재하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 생체 외 조건의 대퇴골에서 측정된 음향특성이 대퇴골의 골밀도를 예측하기에 충분한 지표라는 것을 의미한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2014

Bone marrow is a hematological and immunological organ that provides multiple immune cells, including B lymphocytes, and thus plays a critical role in the efficacy of vaccine. We previously demonstrated that Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica antigen has high immunogenicity in spleen cells, a peripheral immune organ. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of B. bronchiseptica antigen in bone marrow cells, a central immune organ. B. bronchiseptica antigen increased the cellular activity of bone marrow cells and significantly enhanced the production of nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$. Bone marrow cells primed with B. bronchiseptica antigen in vivo were harvested and stimulated with the same antigen in vitro. The stimulation of B. bronchiseptica antigen significantly increased the cellular activity and proliferation rate of the primed cells. B. bronchiseptica antigen also greatly induced the production of antigen-specific antibody in the primed cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that B. bronchiseptica antigen can stimulate bone marrow cells, a central immune organ, and recall the immune response of the primed bone marrow cells.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2007

Weight control diets induce reducing women' bone mineral density (BMD) that has a close relationship to risk in osteoporosis. This study was carried out to identify bone density risk factors affecting women's BMD, and to examine the relationship age, lifestyle and dietary habits for bone health by physical measurement and questonnaies. The subjects of this study were 194 women living on the Seoul area. When the subjects were divided into 4 age groups, BMI was the highest in the 50 years group (24.8) and the lowest in the 20 years group (21.63). Average T-score, which is BMD of forearm bone and calcaneus was the highest in the 40 years (-0.07) and the lowest in the 20 years (-0.59). The rate of eating breakfast was shown significantly higher in the 50 years group than that in the younger group. The frequencies of eating out, fried food intakes, and alcohol drinks were shown significantly different by age (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the risk rate of BMD was high in the 20syears and 50 years groups. It may due to the 20s' weight-control diet. Breakfast eating, exercise, intakes of anchovies, radishes, carrots, zucchinis and tomatoes were significantly important factors to prevent bone density risk.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1991

Analysis of major nutritional components and Sensory evaluation in two kinds of beef bone stocks (White & Brown) have been Carried out in this study, these stocks were prepared with four different parts of beef bone (Knee bone, Rumpbone, Legbone, Backbone). White bone stocks were made of each beef bone boiling in water & hours, while brown bone stocks were prepared with roasted beef bone in the oven at $230^{\circ}C$ for half an hour and boiled 8 hours with water. Fatty acids were determined by GLC (Gas Lipids Chromatogram), the minerals were analysed by Automic spectrometer. The results of these analysis were obtained as followes; 1. Neutral lipids was gradually becreased, and glycolipids phospholipids were increased in quantity in Brown stocks for 8 hours. Unsaturated fatty accid of Brown stocks was highly decreased due to roasting of bores in the oven at 23$0^{\circ}C$ for half an hour. But they appeared in large quantity in white stocks. 2. The minerals also contained of high percentage in almost Brown stock except backbone Stock 3. Four materials (Kneebone, Rumpbone, Legbone, and backbone) were used for this study and the paired comparison of flavor test presented the recognition of different flavor at 5% level of Least Significant Difference (LSD) on brown stocks (Kneebone, and Legbone). Ranking preference test showed that white Kneebone stock and brown legbone stock had good taste.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2005

Objectives : The effects of exercise on bone density have been found to be inconsistent in previous studies. We conducted a cross-sectional study in premenarcheal girls to test two hypotheses to explain these inconsistencies. Firstly,'the intensity of mechanical strain, in terms of the ground reaction force(GRF), has more important effects on the bone mass at a weight-bearing site', and secondly, 'calcium intake modifies the bone response to exercise'. Methods : The areal bone mineral density was measured at the Os calcis, using peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, in 91 premenarcheal girls aged between 9 and 12 years. The intensity of mechanical strain of exercise was assessed by a self-report questionnaire and scored by the GRF as multiples of body weight, irrespective of the frequency and duration of exercise. The energy and calcium intake were calculated from the 24-hour dietary recall. An analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) was used to determine the interaction and main effects of exercise and calcium on the bone density, after adjusting for age, weight, height and energy intake. Results : The difference in the bone density between moderate and low impact exercise was more pronounced in the high than low calcium intake group. The bone density for moderate impact exercise and high calcium intake was significantly higher than that for low impact exercise (p=0.046) and low calcium intake, after adjusting for age, weight, height and energy intake. Conclusions : Our study suggests that the bone density at a weight-bearing site is positively related to the intensity of mechanical loading exercise, and the calcium intake may modify the bone response to exercise at the loaded site in premenarcheal girls.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 성장기 마우스 모델을 이용하여 고지방식 이를 제공한 후 이에 따른 염증지표와 골의 형태학적 미세구조의 변화를 살펴보았다. C57BL/6J 4주령 수컷 마우스를 난괴법에 의해 대조군 (n = 6)과 실험군 (n = 6)로 분류하여 대조군에는 10% Kcal fat 식이와 고지방식이군에는 45% Kcal fat 식이를 12주 동안 자유급식 방법으로 제공하였다. 혈액검사와 염증지표를 분석하였으며 micro-CT를 이용하여 대퇴부 뼈의 형태학적 미세구조를 측정하였다. 대조군과 고지방식이군의 체중 증가는 각각 $5.85{\pm}1.84g$, $16.06{\pm}5.64g$로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 (p < 0.01), 혈당은 각각 $115.00{\pm}16.88mg/dL$, $188.33{\pm}13.29mg/dL$ (p < 0.01), 중성지방은 각각 $65.00{\pm}6.19mg/dL$, $103.33{\pm}8.02mg/dL$ (p < 0.05)로 나타났다. 렙틴과 IL-6는 고지방식이군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 골대사의 생화학적지표 분석 결과 오스테오칼신은 고지방식이군에서 낮게 나타났으나 유의적이지 않았으며, CTx은 고지방식이군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 골밀도는 고지방식이군에서 낮게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 골의 형태학적 미세구조 분석결과 골소주의 두께는 고지방식이 군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 좁게 나타났으며 (p < 0.05), 골소주의 간격은 고지방식이군이 유의적으로 넓게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 골의 형태학적 미세구조인 골소주의 간격과 IL-6가 양의 상관성이 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 본 연구결과 최대골밀도가 형성되는 단계의 성장기 마우스에서 고지방식이 공급을 통한 비만 유도 현상은 골소주의 수와 골소주가 차지하는 비율의 변화를 유발하여 골 미세구조에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 염증지표와 상관성이 나타났다. 이에 성장기에 염증지표 증가를 억제하고 정상적인 골형성을 위하여 과잉의 지방섭취 제한이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2002

This study is to find out how the 4 types of calcium salt such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium lactate and calcium citrate in soy protein diet, the vegetable protein source, affect the calcium utilization in the body. To do so, calcium, phosphate and creatinine concentration and ALP activity in blood as well as the content of calcium and ash, the length, weight strength, and the calcium utilization in the bone were measured. Four groups of Sprague-Dawley male rats with the weight of around 180g were fed for 3 weeks with the experimental diet. Each group was fed with the isolated soy protein containing 14% of the diet and the above mentioned 4 types of calcium salt as the calcium source. The results are as follows; 1. There were no differences of the feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency among groups. 2. ALP activity in blood was sinificantly high in calcium lactate group(P<0.05), but there were no differences of concentration of calcium, phosphates, and creatinine in blood among groups. 3. The weight, calcium content, calcium ratio in ash and the strength of bone were low when calcium lactate was provided(P<0.05). 4. The content of calcium in the liver was high in calcium lactate group and calcium citrate group(P<.0.05). 5. The exceretion of feces was low in calcium lactate group(P<0.05) and the excretion of urine was also relatively low. In addition, the ratio of absorption and the retention of calcium were high(P<0.05). In summary, out of four types of calcium salt such as calcium carbontate, calcium phosphate, calcium lactate and calcium citrate when calcium lactate was provided the ALP activity in blood was high and the weight, calcium content, calcium ratio in ash and the strength of bone were low. In calcium utilization, the ratio of absorption and retention of calcium were high, however it has lower effect than 3 other calcium types in improving weight, the content of calcium and the strength of bone.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate lower incisor position and bony support between patients with Class II average- and high-angle malocclusions and compare with the patients presenting Class I malocclusions. Methods: CBCT records of 79 patients were divided into 2 groups according to sagittal jaw relationships: Class I and II. Each group was further divided into average- and high-angle subgroups. Six angular and 6 linear measurements were performed. Independent samples t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn post-hoc tests were performed for statistical comparisons. Results: Labial alveolar bone thickness was significantly higher in Class I group compared to Class II group (p = 0.003). Lingual alveolar bone angle (p = 0.004), lower incisor protrusion (p = 0.007) and proclination (p = 0.046) were greatest in Class II average-angle patients. Spongious bone was thinner (p = 0.016) and root apex was closer to the labial cortex in high-angle subgroups when compared to the Class II average-angle subgroup (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Mandibular anterior bony support and lower incisor position were different between average- and high-angle Class II patients. Clinicians should be aware that the range of lower incisor movement in high-angle Class II patients is limited compared to average- angle Class II patients.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권10호
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• pp.734-741
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• 2016

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has a role in inducing emergency hematopoiesis upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Although GM-CSF generated murine bone marrow derived cells have been widely used as macrophages or dendritic cells in research, the exact characteristics of each cell population have not yet been defined. Here we discriminated GM-CSF grown bone marrow derived macrophages (GM-BMMs) from dendritic cells (GM-BMDCs) in several criteria. After C57BL/6J mice bone marrow cell culture for 7 days with GM-CSF supplementation, two main populations were observed in the attached cells based on MHCII and F4/80 marker expressions. GM-BMMs had $MHCII^{low}F4/80^{high}$ as well as $CD11c^+CD11b^{high}CD80^-CD64^+MerTK^+$ phenotypes. In contrast, GM-BMDCs had $MHCII^{high}F4/80^{low}$ and $CD11c^{high}CD8{\alpha}^-CD11b^+CD80^+CD64^-MerTK^{low}$ phenotypes. Interestingly, the GM-BMM population increased but GM-BMDCs decreased in a GM-CSF dose-dependent manner. Functionally, GM-BMMs showed extremely high phagocytic abilities and produced higher IL-10 upon LPS stimulation. GM-BMDCs, however, could not phagocytose as well, but were efficient at producing $TNF{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-12p70 and IL-6 as well as inducing T cell proliferation. Finally, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that GM-BMMs and GM-BMDCs are overlap with in vivo resident macrophages and dendritic cells, respectively. Taken together, our study shows the heterogeneicity of GM-CSF derived cell populations, and specifically characterizes GM-CSF derived macrophages compared to dendritic cells.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of calcium intake on bone mineral density (BMD) in pre and post menopause women and to provide basic data for enhancing bone health of middle aged women. Methods: A total of 700 middle-aged women living in Seoul and Geonggi Province were interviewed during the period from June 2003 through January 2004 to investigate their social. demographic and physiological characteristics, health and daily activity performance, and their dietary patterns, and bone mineral density was measured. The survey of dietary intake was 24 hour recalls, and the individual calcium intake was calculated using food frequency. Data of 618 subjects was used for the analysis. Of the calcium intake levels, BMD values of the subjects of 20% of high level. 60% of middle level and 20% of low level were analyzed and compared. Results: The level of calcium intake according to general characteristics of the subjects was significantly related to age (p=0.001), education levels (p=.003) and marital status (p=.001). The BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femur of the subjects taking a high level of calcium showed significantly higher than that of the subjects taking a middle level and low level of calcium. Femoral T-score was also significantly higher in subjects taking a high level of calcium than that of those taking a middle level and lower levels of calcium. Lumber spine T-score was higher in the high level group than that of the middle level group. Conclusion: The study revealed that women taking a high level of calcium had better bone health. Therefore. calcium intake is extremely important in daily dietary intake so that the intake of calcium-rich foods is highly recommended.