• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.590-593
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• 1996

This study was done to evaluate the effect of dietary calcium level (a diet which met 100% or twice the calcium level in AIN-76 diet) on preventing bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Forty Sprauge-Dawley female rats(body weight 200$\pm$5g)were divided into two groups. One group were ovariecotomized (Ovx) while the others received sham operation(Sham). Thereafter, each rat group was further divided into normal calcium diet(0.52%) and high calcium diet(1.04%) subgroups. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 8 weeks. The total body, spine and femur bone mineral densities and bone mineral contents were measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, Eight weeks following operation, ovariectomized rats fed a high calcium diet had a significantly higher total bone mineral content, total bone calcium content, spine bone mineral density, spine bone mineral content and femur bone mineral content than ovariectomized rats fed control calcium diet. The correlation between dietary calcium intake level and spine bone mineral density were positive, but there was no correlation between dietary calcium intake and femur bone mineral density. The findings from the present study demonstrated that bone loss due to ovarian hormonal deficiency can be partially prevented by a high calcium diet. Futhermore, these findings support the strategy of the use of a high calcium diet in the prevention of estrogen depleted bone loss(postmenopausal osteoporosis)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-84
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• 2003

Recently, diabetes has been found to be associated with osteoporosis. Specially in IDDM. In both type I and type II diabetes, glucose levels are elevated. Thus, a linkage between high glucose and osteoporosis can not be ruled out. In this study, an attempt has been made to observe the effect of high glucose on bone formation; osteoblast like UMR 106 cells were treated with high glucose (22 mM, 33 mM) for 1, 3 or 7 days. The high concentration of glucose inhibited markers. of bone formation activity such as alkaline phosphatase and collagen synthesis. In addition, reduction in the level of total cellular protein in response to high glucose was also observed. This study showed high glucose concentration could alter the bone metabolism leading to a defective bone formation and thus paving the linkage of such situation to diabetic complications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.943-949
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• 1996

Bone mineral density depends largely on the status of dietary minerals such as Ca, P, Mg, and F and proteins, physical activities, parathyroid hormone(PTH), calcitonin(CT), and vitamin D. The decrease of bone density often results in bone fractures and osteoporosis which is prevalent among postmenopausal women. This study was intended to examine the role of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and cholecaliferol in bone density of mice that were fed different dual photon energy beams. We have measured three major parts of the bone : whole body, head and femur. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Bone mineral density (BMD) was more increased by feeding high Ca diet compared to that of the low Ca diet. 2) Both PTH and Vit D3 enhanced BMD in all of the different Ca levels. 3) When the dietary Ca was deequate CT showed a synergistic effect with PTH in boosting bone density, while CT+Vit D3 showed a negative effect. 4) CT tended to inhibit the effect of increasing bone density by PTH and Vit D3 in medium and low Ca groups. 5) The effect of increasing bone density by PTH in the head of mouse increased when dietary Ca was lower : The increment of bone density by PTH in high, medium, and low Ca was 3%, 8%, 19%, respectively. 6) Femur bone density was affected significantly by dietary Ca levels than hormones. The above observations indicate that bone mineral density can be improved by high dietary Ca and hormone injections including PTH, CT and cholecalciferol, and thus proper dietary and hormonal treatment may be used in preventing bone fractures and osteoporosis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.152-165
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of bone density and crestal cortical bone thickness at the implant-placement site on micromotion (relative displacement between the implant and bone) and the peri-implant bone strain distribution under immediate-loading conditions. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model of the posterior mandible with an implant was constructed. Various bone parameters were simulated, including low or high cancellous bone density, low or high crestal cortical bone density, and crestal cortical bone thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mm. Delayed- and immediate-loading conditions were simulated. A buccolingual oblique load of 200 N was applied to the top of the abutment. Results: The maximum extent of micromotion was approximately $100{\mu}m$ in the low-density cancellous bone models, whereas it was under $30{\mu}m$ in the high-density cancellous bone models. Crestal cortical bone thickness significantly affected the maximum micromotion in the low-density cancellous bone models. The minimum principal strain in the peri-implant cortical bone was affected by the density of the crestal cortical bone and cancellous bone to the same degree for both delayed and immediate loading. In the low-density cancellous bone models under immediate loading, the minimum principal strain in the peri-implant cortical bone decreased with an increase in crestal cortical bone thickness. Conclusions: Cancellous bone density may be a critical factor for avoiding excessive micromotion in immediately loaded implants. Crestal cortical bone thickness significantly affected the maximum extent of micromotion and peri-implant bone strain in simulations of low-density cancellous bone under immediate loading.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 1996

This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary calcium level(a diet which met 100% or twice the calcium level in AIN-76 diet) on preventing bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Forty female Sprauge-Dawley rats(body weight 200$\pm$5g) were divided into two groups. One group were ovariectomized(Ovx) while the others received sham operation(Sham). Thereafter, each rat group was further divided into normal calcium diet(NCD, 0.52%) and high calcium diet(HCD, 1.04%) sub-groups. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 8 weeks. Urinary pyridinoline & creatinine and serum estradiol, luteinizing hormone, calcium, phosphate, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were determined. There were no significant differences in serum calcium. total protein and albumin in the two groups(Ovx vs Sham) of rats. Ovariectomized rats had significantly lower estradiol than sham operated rats. There was a highly significant correlation between total bone mineral density(TBMD) and overall level of esteradiol(r=0.59, p<0.05). Total bone mineral density did not correlate significantly with ALP or osteocalcin, although a negative trend was evident. However, the rats fed high calcium diet had a lower crosslinks value and osteocalcine than the rats fed normal calcium diet. An increased rate of bone turnover is usually associated with a decrease in bone mass bexause bone formation at each remodeling site is never as great as resorption. Ovariectomized rats fed high calcium diet had a lower crosslink value and osteocalcin; it means high cacium diet decreased bone turnover rate. The findings from the present study demonstrated that bone loss due to ovarian hormonal deficiency can be partially prevented by a high calcium diet. Futhermore, these findings support the strategy of the use of a high calcium diet in the prevention of estrogen depletion bone loss (postmenopausal osteoporosis).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2002

Taurine, amino acid, chemically known as 2-amino ethane sulphonic acid was discovered more than two hundred years ago from ox bile. it is widely distributed in both mammals and nonmammals. It is found in considerably high amount in hUl11an: a normal adult of 70 kgs contains about 70 grams of taurine. Taurine with this much concentration, is involved in almost all life processes. Its deficiency causes several abnormalities in major organs like brain, eye and heart. Taurine-bone interaction is latest addition to its long list of actions. In bone cells, taurine is also found in high concentration. Taurine is found to help in enhancing the bone tissue formation which is evidenced by increased matrix formation and collagen synthesis. Besides stimulating the bone tissue formation, it also inhibits the bone loss through inhibiting the bone resorption and osteoclast formation. Thus, taurine acts as a double agent. In addition to these two major actions of taurine in bone, it also has beneficial effect in wound healing mld bone repair. Taurine possess radioprotective properties, too. As it is a naturally available molecule, it can be used as a preventive agent. Taurine has a potential to replace bisphosphonates which are currently in use for the inhibition of bone loss but this needs in depth study. As taurine is involved in bone formation and inhibition of bone loss, a detailed study can make it a single marker of bone metabolism. All these taurine-bone interaction is a symbol of their deep involvement but still require further extension to make taurine as a choice for tile sound bone health.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.349-356
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• 2018

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the alveolar bone of lower incisors in skeletal Class III adults of different vertical facial patterns and to compare it with that of Class I adults using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: CBCT images of 90 skeletal Class III and 29 Class I patients were evaluated. Class III subjects were divided by mandibular plane angle: high (SN-MP > $38.0^{\circ}$), normal ($30.0^{\circ}$ < SN-MP < $37.0^{\circ}$), and low (SN-MP < $28.0^{\circ}$) groups. Buccolingual alveolar bone thickness was measured using CBCT images of mandibular incisors at alveolar crest and 3, 6, and 9 mm apical levels. Linear mixed model, Bonferroni post-hoc test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical significance. Results: Buccolingual alveolar bone in Class III high, normal and low angle subjects was not significantly different at alveolar crest and 3 mm apical level while lingual bone was thicker at 6 and 9 mm apical levels than on buccal side. Class III high angle group had thinner alveolar bone at all levels except at buccal alveolar crest and 9 mm apical level on lingual side compared to the Class I group. Class III high angle group showed thinner alveolar bone than the Class III normal or low angle groups in most regions. Mandibular plane angle showed negative correlations with mandibular anterior alveolar bone thickness. Conclusions: Skeletal Class III subjects with high mandibular plane angles showed thinner mandibular alveolar bone in most areas compared to normal or low angle subjects. Mandibular plane angle was negatively correlated with buccolingual alveolar bone thickness.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.461-466
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• 2013

Objective : Although curcumin has a protective effect on bone remodeling, appropriate therapeutic concentrations of curcumin are not well known as therapeutic drugs for osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the bone sparing effect of treatment of low-dose and high-dose curcumin after ovariectomy in rats. Methods : Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either a sham operation (the sham group) or bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). The ovariectomized animals were randomly distributed among three groups; untreated OVX group, low-dose (10 mg/kg) curcumin administered group, and high-dose (50 mg/kg) curcumin group. At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, serum biochemical markers of bone turnover were analyzed. Bone histomorphometric parameters of the 4th lumbar vertebrae were determined by micro-computed tomography (CT). In addition, mechanical strength was determined by a three-point bending test. Results : High-dose curcumin group showed significantly lower osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and the telopeptide fragment of type I collagen C-terminus concentration at 4 and 8 weeks compared with the untreated OVX group as well as low-dose curcumin group. In the analyses of micro-CT scans of 4th lumbar vertebrae, the high-dose curcumin treated group showed a significant increase in bone mineral densities (p=0.028) and cortical bone mineral densities (p=0.036) compared with the low-dose curcumin treated group. Only high-dose curcumin treated group had a significant increase of mechanical strength compared with the untreated OVX group (p=0.015). Conclusion : The present study results demonstrat that a high-dose curcumin has therapeutic advantages over a low-dose curcumin of an antiresorptive effect on bone remodeling and improving bone mechanical strength.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.716-728
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• 1998

To investigate the effect of dietary Ca levels on metabolic changes of Ca and skeleton in postmenopausal women, 10-month-old ovariectomized female rats were compared with 2 month old rats. The rats were fed either 0.2% or 1.2% Ca diets for 16 weeks. Food intake and weight gain as higher in rats fed high Ca diets and in ovariectomized rats. Apparent Ca absorption as higher, and Ca balance was lower in the low Ca groups. Vertebrae density was higher in old rats or those fed a high Ca diets. The old rats and ovariectomized rats showed decreased bone formation, increased bone resorption and kidney function deterioration resulting in increased urinary Ca excretion. Contradictory to the above observation, old rats and ovariectomized rats still showed higher bone mass and bone ash content. Therefore aging was not fully onging in 10-month-old rats. Bone weights, mineral contents, and mineral/wt ratio were lower in ovariectomized rats. Dietary Ca level did not affect urinary Ca excretion, urinary protein excretion, GFR, serum alkaline phosphatase, or urinary hydroxyporline excretion. This means that dietary Ca level did not influence kidney function or bone turnover. However Ca content and the ash content of femur, 4th vertebra, and scapula were increased in high Ca groups. Therefore, it is considered that decreased bone formation and accelerated bone resorption may account for the increased osteoporotic risk in women in menopause after middle age. However, Ca metabolism can be improved and bone components can be maintained if Ca is supplemented.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.569-577
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• 1992

To study the effects of the age and the dietary protein content on Ca metabolism male rats of 1 month 6 month 12 month of age were fed experimental diets containing 5%, 15% or 50% casein for 4 weeks. Food and ca intake were higher in old rats and in high protein groups. The weight ash and Ca contents of femur and tibia were higher in old rats. The higher dietary protein level resulted in higher skeletal weigh ash and Ca contents. But high protein diet(50% casein) lead to reduced bone mineral density(ash/dry bone weight) and Ca density(Ca/dry bone weight) in 1 month old rats. Low protein diet(5% casein) on the other hand reduced the bone growth even though the bone density was higher in this group. The ill effect of low protein diet was not evident in 12 month old rats. Glomerular filteration rate(GFR) and urinary Ca excretionincreased with age and with dietary protein level especially in 12 month old rats. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone(iPTH) level tended to be higher in aged rats but was not affected by dietary protein level except 1 month old rats where 50% protein group showed significantly higher value. This study showed that the dietary protein level seemed to have different effect on Ca metabo-lism in rats of different age., The low bone density in the high protein group of growing rats may be due to the higher iPTH level and increased urinary Ca. The dietary protein level however had no effects on the bone composition in aged rats even though the higher urinary Ca excretion. In conclusion this study suggests that high protein intake from young may lead to less peak bone mass and to increase the bone loss in later years, which would increase the risk for osteporosis.