• 지질공학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.549-559
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• 2021

북극권은 막대한 양의 화석연료와 광물자원이 매장되어 있어 개발과 건설 사업이 활발히 추진되고 있다. 전 지구적으로 기후변화에 적극적으로 대응하기 위해 노력하고 있으나, 여전히 천연자원의 의존도는 매우 높다. 본 논문에서는 북극권 국가 중 비전통(오일샌드) 에너지·자원개발이 활발히 진행 중인 캐나다(앨버타주)를 대상으로 조사연구를 수행하였다. 광범위한 지역에 대한 조사비용과 시간을 절감하기 위하여 위성영상을 활용하여 토지피복도를 작성하였다. 토지피복도의 픽셀을 계산하는 방식으로 캐나다(앨버타주) 오일샌드 개발 활동이 활발히 진행되고 있는 지역의 계절별 건설환경(지표 온도 변화, 적설분포 면적 등) 자료를 구축하였다. 본 논문에서 수행한 조사·분석 방법론은 북극권 자원 개발 사업의 성공적 추진과 운영을 위한 전략수립, 기본 설계 등에 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2014

Permafrost is frozen soil below $0^{\circ}C$ for two or more years. Surface of permafrost is called as active layer that seasonally thaws during the summer. Although the thawing of permafrost may deepen the active layer and consequently increase the microbial activity, the microbial community structure in this habitat has not yet been well described. In this study, we presented bacterial and archaeal diversity in the active layer soil from Resolute, Canada using pyrosequencing analysis. The soil sample was collected from the surface of the marsh covered with moss and Carex. A total of 7,796 bacterial reads for 40 phyla and 245 archaeal reads for 4 phyla were collected, reflecting the high diversity of bacteria. Predominant bacterial groups were Proteobacteria (37.7%) and Bacteroidetes (30.0%) in this study. Major groups in Archaea were Euryarchaeota (51.4%) and Thaumarchaeota (46.1%). Both methane producing archaea and consuming bacteria were detected in this study. Although it might be difficult to characterize microbial community with only one sample, it could be used for the basis of assessing the relative importance of the specific groups with a high resolution on the bacterial and archaeal community in this habitat.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2022

The current state of telecommunications infrastructure in the Arctic does not allow providing a wide range of required services for people, businesses and other categories, which necessitates the use of non-traditional approaches to its organization. The paper proposes an innovative approach to building a combined communication network based on tethered high-altitude platform station (HAPS) located at an altitude of 1-7 km and connected via radio channels with terrestrial and satellite communication networks. Network configuration and composition of telecommunication equipment placed on HAPS and located on the terrestrial and satellite segment of the network was justified. The availability of modern equipment and the distributed structure of such an integrated network will allow, unlike existing networks (Iridium, Gonets, etc.), to organize personal mobile communications, data transmission and broadband Internet up to 100 Mbps access for mobile and fixed subscribers, rapid transmission of information from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). A substantiation of the possibility of achieving high network capacity in various paths is presented: inter-platform radio links, subscriber radio links, HAPS feeder lines - terrestrial network gateway, HAPS radio links - satellite retransmitter (SR), etc. The economic efficiency of the proposed solution is assessed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.383-387
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• 1998

the geoecology of the alpine and subalpine belts of the Korean Peninsula, its component plant group, its environmental history, and climatic amplitudes of the arctic-alpine and alpine plants has reviewed and discussed. The present-day alpine and subalpine landscapes are likely to have been formed during the post-glacial warming phase. The disjunctive distribution of many alpine and subalpine plants, however, suggests a former continuous distribution of these both locally and on a broader, and the subsequent breakdown of a former continuous range into fragments as the climate ameliorated during the post-glacial warming phase. The presences of numerous arctic-alpine and alpine plants on the alpine and subalpine belts of the Korean Peninsula, are mainly their relative degree of sensitivity to high summer temperatures. The continued survivals of alpine species and landscape in Korea is in danger if global warming associated the greenhouse effect takes place.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2017

북극해 망간단괴는 카라해, 바렌츠해 등에서 발견되었지만, 광물조성과 화학조성에 대해서는 정확하게 조사된 바가 없다. 이번 연구에서는 Arctic Expedition ARA07C 탐사를 통해 동시베리아 북부 해역에서 획득한 망간단괴에 대하여, 광물학적 및 지구화학적 특성을 파악하고, 이를 통하여 그 성인에 대하여 추정하였다. 망간단괴를 구성하는 주된 산화망간광물은 부서라이트, 버네사이트, 버나다이트 등이다. 망간단괴는 대체로 방사상대와 괴상대 조직을 나타내며, 층상대는 제한적으로 발달한다. 동시베리아해 망간단괴의 주요한 특징인 방사상대에는 주로 첨-구상조직이 발달한다. 동시베리아해 망간단괴는 태평양이나 인도양에서 산출되는 망간단괴에 비하여 Mn은 풍부하지만 Fe의 함량은 매우 부족하다. 단괴 외곽과 내부, 또는 미세조직에 따른 화학성분의 차이는 거의 없었다. 미세조직 간의 화학적 성분 차이가 거의 나타나지 않기 때문에 단괴는 성장하는 동안 하나의 성인을 가질 가능성이 크며, $Mn-Fe-(Cu+Ni+Co){\times}10$ 삼각도표에서 모두 속성기원을 지시한다. 북극해로 유입되는 대부분의 Mn은 강 또는 연안 침식에 의해 비롯되며, 이들 대부분이 북극해에 갇혀져 있기 때문에 동시베리아해 망간단괴에서 특징적으로 높은 Mn 함량을 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.931-938
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• 2020

TCTP는 다양한 진핵생물에서 풍부하게 존재하는 단백질 중에 하나이며, 암, 세포 증식, 유전자 조절 등과 관련된 세포의 생리학적 기작에서 중요한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 더구나, TCTP는 dithiothreitol (DTT)나 hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)에 의해 유도되는 산화적 스트레스에 대한 저항성에 관여하는 중요한 단백질로 주목 받아 왔다. 한편, 극지역 서식 생물들은 강한 자외선에 의해 발생한 활성산소를 조절하기 위한 다양한 항산화 방어체계를 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 북극 동물플랑크톤 Calanus glacialis에서 분리된 TCTP가 산화적 스트레스 하에서 E. coli 세포의 저항성에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. C. glacialis에서 분리된 TCTP 유전자(ORF 522 bp) 서열을 분석하였고, 약 23 kDa의 재조합 단백질을 제작하였다. 관찰 결과, TCTP 재조합 단백질이 E. coli 세포에서 과발현 되었을 때, 세포들은 H₂O₂에 의해 유도된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 저항성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 본 관찰을 통해, 북극 C. glacialis TCTP 단백질의 항산화 조절자로서의 역할에 대한 가능성을 처음으로 제시하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.353-356
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• 2015

Background: In 2012, the Alaska Section of Epidemiology investigated personnel potentially exposed to a Brucella suis isolate as it transited through three laboratories. Methods: We summarize the first implementation of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2013 revised recommendations for monitoring such exposures: (1) risk classification; (2) antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis; (3) serologic monitoring; and (4) symptom surveillance. Results: Over 30 people were assessed for exposure and subsequently monitored for development of illness. No cases of laboratory-associated brucellosis occurred. Changes were made to gaps in laboratory biosafety practices that had been identified in the investigation. Conclusion: Achieving full compliance for the precise schedule of serologic monitoring was challenging and resource intensive for the laboratory performing testing. More refined exposure assessments could inform decision making for follow-up to maximize likelihood of detecting persons at risk while not overtaxing resources.

• 대기
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.617-633
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• 2016

Jangbogo station is located in Terra Nova Bay over the East Antarctica, which is often affected by individual storms moving along nearby storm tracks and a katabatic flow from the continental interior towards the coast. A numerical simulation for two strong wind events of maximum instantaneous wind speed ($41.17m\;s^{-1}$) and daily mean wind speed ($23.92m\;s^{-1}$) at Jangbogo station are conducted using the polar-optimized version of Weather Research and Forecasting model (Polar WRF). Verifying model results from 3 km grid resolution simulation against AWS observation at Jangbogo station, the case of maximum instantaneous wind speed is relatively simulated well with high skill in wind with a bias of $-3.3m\;s^{-1}$ and standard deviation of $5.4m\;s^{-1}$. The case of maximum daily mean wind speed showed comparatively lower accuracy for the simulation of wind speed with a bias of -7.0 m/s and standard deviation of $8.6m\;s^{-1}$. From the analysis, it is revealed that the each case has different origins for strong wind. The highest maximum instantaneous wind case is caused by the approach of the strong synoptic low pressure system moving toward Terra Nova Bay from North and the other daily wind maximum speed case is mainly caused by the katabatic flow from the interiors of Terra Nova Bay towards the coast. Our evaluation suggests that the Polar WRF can be used as a useful dynamic downscaling tool for the simulation and investigation of high wind events at Jangbogo station. However, additional efforts in utilizing the high resolution terrain is required to reduce the simulation error of high wind mainly caused by katabatic flow, which is received a lot of influence of the surrounding terrain.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.294-298
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• 2008

Snow cover is a potential water resource for later spring and summer seasons as well as a thermal mirror with high reflectivity causing decreases of surface air temperature during cold winter seasons. In this study, current and future changes in Northern Hemisphere snow extent and their potential linkages with atmospheric circulation are examined. The NOAA AVHRR visible snow extent (1967-2006) data as well as observational (NCEP-DOE 1979-2006) and modeled (GFDL 2.1 2081-2100) pressure and surface air temperature data are used. Analyses of observational data demonstrate that the snow extent in meteorological spring (March to April) and summer (June to August) has significantly decreased since the late 1980s. The offset of snow seasons (the timing of snow melt in spring) have also significantly advanced particularly in Europe, East Asia, and northwestern North America. Analyses of pressure fields reveal that the spatial patterns of the earlier snow melt are associated with changes in atmospheric circulation such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO). In the positive winter AO years, multiple positive pressure departure cores in the upper troposphere (200hPa) are observed over the mid-latitude regions from March to mid-April, while a negative pressure departure core (70hPa) prevails over the Arctic Ocean. The reversed anomaly patterns related to later snow melt occur in negative winter AO years. The comparison between current and future thermal spring onsets suggest that snow melt patterns will intensify with larger greenhouse gas emissions, indicating earlier hydrological spring onset.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2003

When Arctic offshore development in the 1970's first led to the consideration of ice capable tankers, there was a high level of uncertainty over design requirements for both safety and ship performance. Also here was a lack of reliable methods to evaluate design proposals. Since that time, improved understanding of the ice environment has raised the confidence of design specifications. Parallel developments have resulted in a suite of engineering tools for ship performance evaluation at the design stage Recent development of offshore and near shore oil and gas reserves in several countries together with economic studies of increased transportation through the Russian Arctic has newly introduced the interest in ice capable tanker design. in response, Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI) applied its experience in tanker design and construction to the design of a specialized tanker with ice capability. SHI produced two prototype hull designs for further study. The performance of both hulls and of the propellers was evaluated at the Institute for Marine Dynamics (IMD) in St. John's, Newfoundland This paper discusses the development of the design, describes the model experiments to determine performance and variations, and presents the results.