• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.460-468
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• 1998

The purpose of this study were 1) to identify the differences between homosexual and heterosexual men in clothing behaviors(fashion leadership, preference for up-to-date style and sexual attractiveness), lifestyle and sex-role attitudes, and 2) to investigate the relation- ships between clothing behaviors and lifestyle and sex-role attitudes. The data was collected via self-administered questionnaires from 183 adult men(88 homosexual, 95 heterosexual men) living in Seoul, and was analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, correlations and multiple regressions. The result of this study were as follows: 1. Two factors of fashion leadership. were identified: fashion opinion leadership and fashion innovativeness. Four factors of lifestyle were identified: appearance awareness, self-confidence, authoritativeness, and achievement. 2. The result of t-test between homosexual and heterosexual men in clothing behaviors and psychological characteristics, homosexual men showed higher scores in fashion innovativeness, fashion opinion leadership, preference for up-to-date style, and appearance awareness of lifestyle characteristics. 3. From the result of analyzing the effects of psychological characteristics on 4 variables of clothing behaviors, appearance awareness of lifestyle characteristics was found to be the most influential factor for all the clothing behavior variables in both groups.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.161-174
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• 1996

The purpose of the study is to investigate how childhood attachment and autonomy explain the gender differences in adulthood heterosexual love styles. The study examines (1) the gender differences in childhood attachment and autonomy and adulthood heterosexual love relationships, (2) the relationship between childhood attachment and autonomy in relation to mother, and love styles in adulthood among men and women. 405 married or unmarried men and women participated in a questionnaire study. Such statistic analyses are engaged for this study as cross-tabulation analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The key findings of the study are that the relationships of childhood developmental pattern of attachment and autonomy to adulthood heterosexual love styles differ between men and women. That is, developmental patterns of childhood attachment and autonomy to mother operate as a vulnerability factor in establishing adulthood love relationship, whereas childhood experiences do not explain adulthood love among women. These gender differences are discussed in theoretical contexts which explain gender-differentiated process of separation from mother during childhood.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.696-704
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• 2003

The main purpose of this study is to examine the gay men's clothing attitude and preference according to gender role, for reviewing their clothing culture. Specifically, this study focuses on 1) investigating gay men's clothing attitude(brand orientation, conformity, fashion leadership, sexual attractiveness), 2) identifying their clothing preference, 3) comparing the difference of lifestyle, and 4) comparing the difference of their preference color and wearing the accessary, according to their gender role. Futhermore, this study compares those factors between gay men and heterosexual men. The data was collected from 168 persons(76 gay men and 92 heterosexual men) in LGHRF(Lesbian & Gay Human Rights Federation), Korea Gaymen's Coalition and adult men living in Seoul. To analyze data, the methodology adopted in this study is frequency, t-test, and ANOVA. The results found in this study are as followings: First, sexual attractiveness was significant factor for the gay men's clothing attitude and not concern about conformity. According to the gender role, bottom, who have much of the woman in composition, was more higher for the fashion leadership than top, who have a propensity for masculine. Second, gay men prefer to masculine, simple and casual style. According to the gender role, 'top' was more likely to masculine, simple and formal style rather than 'Bottom'. Third, Gay men were much more concern about a cultural life style. Furthermore, a preference color for both group was blue. Especially, gay men tended to prefer a chromatic color. The implication getting from conclusion in this study was to study Gay men's taste for a fashion, clothing attitude and their preference to purchase, etc., in considering their buying power for clothing in a fashion market.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-45
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• 2014

In the contemporary world, fashionable bodies are socially constructed in light of current idealized images. Media portrayal of such images can have negative health implications. This issue has long been problematic for women. Nowadays, men are subject to more scrutiny regarding their bodies, although male body image has been studied far less than female body image. In this position paper based on a review of the major studies that have been conducted on men and body image, we summarize the findings from these state-of-the-art studies that have been recently published in academic journals. Three themes related to male body image were extracted: socio-cultural ideals, masculinity, and minority men. This study adds to the literature I that it demonstrates that men experience and view their bodies differently from women, though some behaviors, such as disordered eating, are similar. Other behaviors, such as the drive for muscularity, are couched in the context of the social construction of gender and power. Most of the studies were done on white, heterosexual populations of young men, and nearly all used quantitative research methods. Little research has been conducted on ethnic and sexual minorities. We conclude with a discussion of what we need to know, and to that end, we suggest future avenues of research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.1-18
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• 2012

This study explores the clothing behavior of homosexual men for identity creation. Since homosexuality has been viewed in terms of immoral, medical or social problems, gay males have made efforts to construct presentational styles in order to hide or reveal their sexual identities. Kate Schofield and Ruth A. Schmidt found that there were three different layers of individual gay identity construction expressed in clothing: shared gay identity, tribal identity, and situational identity. Using their framework, 630 gay men's outfits found in the U.S drama 'Queer as folk' were analyzed, which dealt with the lives of a group of gay men living in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Findings point that gay males use their clothing effectively to express their sexual identity. Firstly, they use certain fashion items as the signifier of homosexuality on a gay community level. They use their clothing to attract the sexual partners. On tribal identity level, diverse and fragmented styles could be shown besides the effeminate style. Homosexual men's clothing can be classified into the following four dominate styles: the drag look, the macho look, the androgynous look and conventional look. Findings also indicate that gay males make different clothing choices for different situations in order to blend into the heterosexual or homosexual society.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to review the literature of AIDS/HIV (acquired immune deficiency syndrome/human immunodeficiency virus) and to introduce physical therapy of the AIDS client. It was first reported that five young homosexual men, in 1981 in Los Angeles, died of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii - called "pest of twentieth century". AIDS was implied a fatal breakdown of the functioning of the normal human immune system. The major routes of transmission has occurred via l)sexual contact between men, 2)heterosexual intercourse, 3)contaminated blood and blood products, and 4)intrauterine or pre-natal infection from mothers. AIDS clients who may require physical therapy for a wide range of problems due to respiratory, neurological, musculoskeletal and painful syndromes as well as general decline in fitness and function. AIDS is growing rapidly in our contury as well as all over the world. Therefore, physical therapist has to correct his understandings of AIDS in order to protect himself and to give proper physical therapy to the AIDS clients.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.197-215
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• 2020

Teaching has become a feminized profession, especially in elementary teaching, in which it is regarded as "women's work." Concerns about the "extinction" of men in the field resulted in calls for male teachers. While studies indicate that there is positive discrimination in favor of men (despite the feminization of teaching), it appears that there are also forms of discrimination that work against them. As such this study explored the challenges of being a male in the feminized profession from the perspective of male teacher candidates. Studies in the field of teacher education in the Philippines mainly focus on curriculum and students' academic achievement, hence an inquiry must be done on the plight of male teachers in a gendered profession. A phenomenological study was employed to look into the realities of six male teacher candidates. Findings show that male teachers are: (1) leadership-destined; (2) conflicted; (3) limited; and (4) devalued. The narrative of male teachers in the Philippine education sector reveals the need to revisit programs and policies in professional development and support. Finally, recommendations are made for teacher education programs to guide teacher candidates' experiences towards a more inclusive profession.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.223-234
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• 2000

The objectives of this study were to investigate hair style preferences, and use of cosmetics according to sexual orientation and demographic variables, to examine the relationship among hair style preferences, use of cosmetics, and anxiety and self-esteem. The subjects were 536 men (heterosexual : 353, gay : 183) of 20's and 30's living in metropolitan area of Seoul. Homosexuals preferred individualistic adornments and appearance, and the higher the ability anxieties and the miscellaneous anxieties they in both sexual orientation groups preferred unique individualistic hairstyles and used coloring cosmetics more. In the sales and service workers and students both sexual orientation groups preferred individualistic personal adornment while in the office workers they both preferred conservative appearance. In the same occupations, there were significant differences in the physical adornments according to sexual orientation in the sales and service workers and students groups. Homosexuals used individual adornments according to their sexual orientation. Both homosexuals and heterosexuals had low use of physical adornments.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.211-233
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• 2007

Caryl Churchill achieved spacial politics to resist dominant ideology in Cloud Nine. It is suggested that heterotopia is a counter-site to the places which are controlled by colonialism and sexuality. Churchill juxtaposes African colony of Victorian period in the first act and modern London in the second act. It implies that individuals are similarly oppressed by dominant ideology until now though several conditions for individuals are drastically improved. White heterosexual men in the play try to build their utopia to keep their privileges. If they find anything abnormal to their standard, they systematically classify people and organize them into the different ranks and levels to seclude them from their utopia. Actually, the ideal people in the ideal place are oppressed by patriarchal ideology, compulsory heterosexuality, and colonialism which are covertly associated with gender. Therefore, Churchill uses the cross-casting to challenge the artificiality of gender, sexuality, generation and race in the play. People realize that they need to find their own desires free from gender, compulsory heterosexuality, ethnic, and race and their subjectivity flowing in and out of space. It is the site that all the binary oppositions are deconstructed and creates new multiple nodes to expand the boundary of their communities to heterotopia in real places.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1065-1073
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• 2018

Purpose. In this study, we aim to clarify the correlation between happiness, appearance, and happiness index among many happiness factors based on the influence of quality of life on the quality of life and the affect of appearance on the happiness index. Methods. We conducted a self - filling questionnaire survey for college students in Busan from March 30 to May 10, 2017, and analyzed 392 copies of the 412 questionnaires, excluding 20 inappropriate copies. In the questionnaire, categorical data were analyzed by frequency and percentage (%) using the SPSS program (ver. 23.0, Chicago, Illinois, USA) by examining 11 items of general characteristics, successive data are presented as mean standard deviation. Results. The higher the grades, the better the dating. Women(3.32) are more likely than men(2.74) at the appearance interest(p>0.001) and the higher the grades, the better. If it's dating someone else, higher than not to do at the appearance interest and all of the questions showed higher interest in appearance. Also there was a high percentage of thought'My life is ideal in all aspects'If it's dating someone else, higher than not to do (p=0.007) Conclusion. At present, There is a high interest in the appearance of dating. In addition, the happiness index according to the current resentment status was higher in both the single item happiness index and the 5 item happiness index, and was significant in the item "My life is ideal in all aspects". Therefore, it is related to the happiness index as well as the appearance interest. Finally, whether or not dating and appearance interest play a role in raising the happiness of the individual.